Igor Severyanin: Biography nobuciko

Igor Severyanin, ombongi wakhe namuhla owaziwa ngabalandeli abaningi bezinkondlo - umbongi waseRussia odumile wekhulu lokuqala leminyaka lemashumi amabili. Wayekhuluma ngokuphindaphindiwe ngekhono lakhe. Iqiniso elifanayo laqinisekiswa abagxeka abaningi. Futhi omunye wabo - lo noValery Bryusov ungumdali onethalente, ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwakhe okungenayo isiphetho semibhalo esingase senzeke.

Ubuciko lapho u-Igor Severyanin azinikele khona konke ukuphila kwakhe, i-biography yombhali nokuqashelwa kwakhe emibuthanweni yombhalo kuqala ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale inkondlo edabukisayo "Ngingumuntu wekhono". Kodwa naphezu kokuthi le ncwadi yabhalwa ngo-1912, yaba ikhadi lebhizinisi lomlobi.

Ingane ka-Igor Vasilyevich

Empeleni, i-Severyanin iyinhlamba yokubhala. Ngonyaka owodwa wamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili namashumi ayisishiyagalombili nesikhombisa eSt. Petersburg, u-Igor Vasilyevich Lotarev wabonakala. Ubuntwana bakhe badlula kulo muzi omuhle. Ngakho-ke, akuyona into eyenzekayo ukuthi isihloko saseSt. Petersburg sizothatha indawo enjalo emsebenzini wembongi.

Unina ka-Igor uvela emndenini ohloniphekile, futhi ubaba wakhe, njengoba bekusho, bevela esikoleni esiphakathi. Kodwa kwakungekho lutho oluhle kakhulu ngalokhu. Ngoba ubaba womfana uzuze udumo olukhulu. Waba induna yabasebenzi. Kodwa ngeshwa, abazali bami bahlukana. Futhi yonke iminyaka eyengeziwe u-Igor Vasilevich wayehlala esifundazweni saseNovodod esifundeni saseCherepovets. Isimbongi sesikhathi esizayo sasihlala endaweni yedadewabo kayise.

Izihlobo ezidumile zaseSeveryanin-Lotarev

Kuze kube sekupheleni kokungafundwa ngokubhaliwe kwidokhumenti, ngabe yiyiphi i-Severyanin encane, i-biography yobusana bakhe iqukethe izikhala eziningi kangaka. Kodwa umlobi kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi emgqeni womama wayehlotshaniswa nomndeni kaTet owaziwayo futhi wayeyisihlobo esivelele somlando wezidumile, umbhali womlando wezwe laseRussia, u-Nikolai Karamzin.

Esifundazweni saseNovgorod Igor waphumelela emakilasini amane esikoleni. Futhi umfundi akufanele abe namahloni, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona uhlelo oluhlukile ngokuphelele lwemfundo. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, njengezingane eziningi zaleyo nkathi yomlando, wathola imfundo emakhaya yasemakhaya emangalisayo.

Futhi-ke, u-Igor Vasilyevich Severyanin, owaziwa ngegama lakhe uqala ngegama likaLotarev, wayeyindoda efundile kakhulu. Wayazi isiko lasezwe laseRussia ngokuphelele, futhi hhayi ngengozi ngokuvamile lithembele kubandulele bakhe.

Ukuhambahamba eduze nezwe lakubo kanye nokuqala kokudala

Khona-ke u-Igor Severyanin (i-biography emfushane yaleso sikhathi ayifundwa kancane, ngakho-ke amaqiniso athile kuphela ayaziwa) uhamba noyise oseRussia futhi ahambela eMpumalanga Ekude, lapho ehlala khona iminyaka eminingana. Futhi ngonyaka ka-1914 wabuyela kunina. Kukhona lapho ayohlangana khona nezimbongi eziningi ezidumile ezizayo, abalobi, izibalo zamasiko.

Futhi-ke kuyovela incwadi ezo "umsindo" kakhulu. I-Severyanin ngokwakhe izobiza izinhlelo zayo zokuqala - izincwajana. Owokuqala waphefumulelwa izenzakalo zeMpi YaseRussia-Japanese yase-1914. Futhi cishe akekho owake wabona ukuthi yiyiphi imbongi imbongi, ngoba lolu hlobo lwesikhathi sokudala. U-Igor Vasilievich uvame ukugijimela ngokukhululwa kwezinkondlo nezincwadi zakhe.

Ukuvela kwe-alias noma igama elikhulu

Kodwa kufanelekile ukunakekelwa - lokhu kwakungonyaka, uBryusov abhala ngayo ukuthi wayeyisimo sokuguqula isimo se-Russian symbolism. Lokhu kungaba ukunqoba noma ukunqotshwa. Inkathi entsha isiqalile ezincwadini zesiRashiya nasezinkondlweni.

ULotarev, noma ikusasa u-Igor Severyanin, owasungula izinto zakhe ngendlela efana nokuthi imbongi wabonakala ngasikhathi sinye, wayezoba udumo ngempela kamuva. Kodwa kwakungaleso sikhathi lapho kuvela khona inhlamba yakhe yokubhala phansi. Ekuqaleni kwakuyi-Igor-Severyanin, okungukuthi, ngokusebenzisa i-hyphen, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana lesi sibonakaliso sizophela futhi igama elikhulu lizohlala.

I-Biography ye-Severian. Amaqiniso anentshisekelo ngomsebenzi wezinkondlo

Ibhuku elidume kakhulu lizoba "I-Thunderous Cup", kodwa inkazimulo yafika kumbongi ngaphambi kwalolu shicilelo. AmaSymbolist amaningi aseRussia ngaleso sikhathi ayesazi kakade ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuthola inkazimulo. Futhi ngokuvamile kwakuyihlazo lokubhala. Okufanayo kwenzeka ku-Igor Vasilievich.

Enye yezinkondlo, eqala kanje: "Phonsa isikhwama sokubamba isikhwama ekwenzeni ukuqina kwe-cork ...", kwafundwa endlini kaTolstoy e-Yasnaya Polyana. Kwakuyinto ejwayelekile yokuphila ephezulu - ukufunda ngokuzwakalayo izincwadi. Incwajana yonke kaSeveryanin yabangela ukuvuselelwa okungavamile, kodwa lo msebenzi wenza ukuzwa kwangempela. Wonke umuntu wahleka ngezinyathelo ezingavamile zenkondlo entsha yombongi.

Kodwa kungalindelekile ukuthi uLev Nikolaevich uthukuthele wathi: "Ngaphansi komgodla, ukubulala, umngcwabo, futhi banomkhonto wokugqekeza emgwaqeni." Ngokushesha la mazwi aphindaphindiwe emaphephandabeni amaningi. Ngakho wathola udumo Igor Severyanin. I-biography kanye nobuciko bakhe yathandwa kakhulu kakade ngokoqobo ekuseni.

Ukuthandwa kweqiniso komlobi kanye nencwadi edume kakhulu

Kodwa inkazimulo yangempela yeza emva kokushicilelwa kwencwadi ethi "Thunder Cup". Igama likaSeveryanin lalihlotshaniswa nesiqondiso esisha ezinkondlweni zaseRussia. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kwalokho, i-Futurism yabonakala eYurophu, eyayihlotshaniswa noMarinetti, imbongi wase-Italy kanye nethimba lobuchwepheshe.

Futhi u-Igor Vasilievich wayengowokuqala eRussia, owazibiza ngokuthi i-futurist. Ngonyaka ka-1912 isiqondiso se-ego-futurism sathuthuka, futhi ekhanda laso kwakunguSeveryanin. Khona-ke uyosuka kubantu bakubo.

Ukusesha umbuthano wokudala

Ngenkathi u-Igor Vasilievich esemncane, wayefuna abalingani bezincwadi, njenganoma yisiphi isifuba somfundi. Lokho kuzuza abafana kuleli qembu lama-futurists, bese lihamba ngaphansi kwephiko leFloror Sologub elihlonishwayo, lizama ngisho nokuqala ukuxhumana nabakwaGumilev. Kodwa indlela elula yayinezinkampani ze-cubo-futurists. Bamema u-Igor Severyanin naye ekuvakasheni, kanti naphezu kokuba imigwaqo yabo yahlukana, ukubambisana kwakunenzuzo kakhulu.

Ezingqungqutheleni zikaGigor Vasilievich kwakuyindabuko eminingi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ama-futurists aphuphe kanjani ekudaleni izinkondlo zawo, noma kunjalo, ezincwadini, njalo lobu buciko buhambisana nesikhathi esidlule. Amagama wezinkondlo eziningi ze-classic yaba yingxenye ebalulekile emsebenzini womlobi. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi u-Igor Severyanin, owaziwa ngaye ukuthi uhlangana nabantu abaningi abadumile ebuntwaneni bakhe, uzinike izinkondlo eziningi kakhulu kuPushkin, Fet, iTyutchev.

Umjikelezo wemisebenzi mayelana nabadali abakhulu

Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili u-Igor Vasilievich wabhala umjikelezo wonke wemisebenzi ngaphansi kwamagama abalulekile. "Lermontov", "Tolstoy", "iTyttchev" njalonjalo. U-Severyanin usebenzisa izicaphuno ezivela ezinkondlweni zaseRashiya zakudala emisebenzini yakhe ukuze alethe futhi umfundi weRashiya kubo. Ukuvuselela amasiko ezinkondlo zaseRussia.

Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ezinkondlweni zikaGigor Vasilievich kwakukhona okusha kakhulu. Phela, kwakungeyona into eyenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi wazibiza ngokuthi imbongi eyashintsha inkambo yezincwadi zaseRussia nezinkondlo. Wayengummangaleli emkhakheni wolimi lwezinkondlo, wahlanganyela ekwenzeni amagama, wafaka amagama amaningi amasha ezincwadini zesiRussia.

I-Severyanin yayinama-multi-faceted. I-biography imfushane futhi ayihloliswanga ngokugcwele, kodwa ngokungangabazeki, lo muntu wenze isandla esikhulu emlandweni wokudala ubuRashiya, futhi imisebenzi yakhe ibe enye imithombo ebalulekile yabafundi.

Ukunqoba emncintiswaneni noma "Nginguye inkosi"

Indawo enkulu ngokwanele ezinkondlweni zaseSeveryanin yayinesihloko somuzi. Futhi ukufunwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zezinkondlo zika-Igor Vasilyevich kwakuhlobene kakhulu nemibono yasemadolobheni. Wayengaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe, ezama ngokungajwayelekile, into engavamile.

Kuzo zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe u-Severyanin wakhipha inqwaba yezincwadi ezishicilelwe ezincwadini ezinkulu, okwakusho ngokuyinhloko ukuzivuma komlobi. Wakha izinkondlo zakhe ezingavamile. Akuyona ingozi ukuthi kwenye yezinkondlo, ebizwa ngokuthi "The Dreamland", waphinde wabhala umhlaba wakhe wezinkondlo ngokuthi: "Nginguye wenkosi engekho ...".

Ngonyaka we-1918, u-Igor Vasilievich wabamba iqhaza kulo mncintiswano futhi waze wakhethwa ukuba abe inkosi yezinkondlo, eyedlula inani lamavoti kaMayakovsky noBalmont. U-Severyanin uhambela lonke elaseRussia futhi eqoqa amahholo amakhulu, abafundi abaningi beza enkulumweni yakhe, ngoba izinkondlo zika-Igor Severyanin zihambisana nezidingo zabantu besikhathi sakhe.

Imisebenzi eminingi yomlobi yayinzima kakhulu, futhi uSeveryanin ngokwakhe, owaziwa ngobuningi bakhe, futhi eziningi zezilingo ezahluleka ukubhekana naye, kanye nabantu bonke babhekana nezenzakalo ezinkulu nezinkinga zenkathi. Futhi kuyakuba njalo isiphetho sakhe, ukuthi akayikuthutha, kepha emva kokuphetha kweBrest ukuthula kuzoba phesheya.

Ngisho nangaphambi kokuvukela umbuso, wahlala endaweni ehlobo ehlobo e-Estonia, eyaba umbuso omusha. Futhi lapho, esinqunywe eRussia, u-Igor Vasilyevich Severyanin uzoqhubeka nokudala uhlobo lwezingoma ezidumile ezibonisa impilo yomuntu, ukuhlupheka kanye nemibono ngenjabulo. Futhi ngezinkondlo zaseRashiya, wahlala njengomlobi wongamunye ofana naye, futhi umsebenzi wakhe waba othandekayo kubafundi abaningi.