Homo habilis (Homo habilis) - umuntu onekhono: kwebalingisi amathuluzi

Ukuze ososayensi, Homo habilis (Homo habilis) ingenye amalungu impikiswano iningi lawo izinhlobo zabantu ezahlukaniselwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngisho uyathola kwezazi eziningi, abakwazanga ngokuqondile ukucacisa indawo wakhe emthini kwemvelo. Nokho namuhla ubuhlobo bayo ngqo nomuntu akunakuphikwa.

Amazing ukutholakala ethi Faces of owakwakhe

Louis futhi Meri Liki babe izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu ukuze amathambo. abangane babo ngokuvamile babenza yokuthi ubani bangathanda - isayensi noma nomunye. Ngempela, ozala ososayensi ukuchitha sonke isikhathi sabo ehlola izinsalela futhi imivubukulo eminingi abavubukuli, okuyinto bagubha kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba.

Beza phezu Kwakuyokwenzekani angenye yezinto impikiswano kakhulu kulelo khulu leminyaka XX ngo-November 1960. Ukuba kwi ukumba e Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), umbhangqwana bemba skeleton kahle walondoloza kwehlosi saber-toothed. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi kungenzeka nesithakazelo kule ukutholakala? Kodwa akukho kokucabanga eceleni lokho okwakwenza inhliziyo yawo beat kayikhulu ngokushesha.

Ngo ezimbalwa izinyathelo kude ihlosi babona izinsalela engaziwa isayensi hominid. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka isinqamu Yekhanda, ingqwababa nasemlenzeni. Ngemva kokuhlaziya amathambo, lo mbhangqwana Leakey wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi phambi kwabo ngiseyingane zeminyaka 10-12, ubani efa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-2 million edlule, okuyinto kungenzeka omunye ngaphandle kukakhokho ka lonke uhlanga lwesintu.

Homo habilis: zinhlobo isici

Nakhodka Louis noMariya waba ngowokuqala kodwa hhayi zokugcina. Ngokushesha nezinye abavubukuli beqala ukumba aphume izinsalela-Homo habilis. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi cishe yonke amathambo hominid eziye zatholakala eNingizimu futhi eMpumalanga Afrika. Kule ndaba, ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi zinhlobo uvele lawa mazwe, kuphela kwelanga khona, uye adluliselwe kwezinye izifunda.

Banikezwe yobudala izinsalela ezitholakele, kuyacaca ukuthi i-Homo habilis uqala ukuvela abangaba yizigidi ezingu-2.5 edlule. kwemvelo yayo okunye kazithathanga esingaphansi 600 ayizinkulungwane. Iminyaka. Kodwa ukuthi ayibalulekile. Lapho kuba ukwazi ukuthi lolu hlobo isiyakwazi ukuzimela ngezinyawo ezimbili, njengoba kufakazelwa izinzwane, baletha ndawonye.

Ezinye izindaba zika-Homo habilis okuningi okufana nezinkawu kunabantu. Ngokwesilinganiso, ekukhuleni kwayo akuzange idlule 130 cm, kanye isisindo kufanele ziyahlukahluka phakathi 30-50 kg. On ngemuva komzimba wema kakhulu izingalo ubude, esikhathini esidlulileko esesizile nezinkawu omkhulu ukukhuphuka izihlahla. Nokho, njengoba uhlobo nemilenze yabo engenhla kwehle futhi phansi, kunalokho, babe enemisipha kakhulu.

nokuzwelana

Ukuze kwahanjiswa khulu leminyaka kuye kwaba impikiswano eside ngalokho indima sabelwe Homo habilis kule jikelele kwemvelo ukusebenza. Esikwaziyo ukuthi wabonakala ekushoneni kwelanga australopithecine khona. Sikhishwe ukufana kwabo eziningi, ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi i-Homo habilis kwaba izigaba esilandelayo lwendlovu engasekho. Nokho, kukhona labo bani kholwa they ezimbili hominid ehluke ngokuphelele ngubani sinokhokho oyedwa esikhathini esidlule.

Ayikho ngaphansi impikiswano kuyinto umbuzo Homo habilis ifa. Ngokusho version standard, walandelwa esikhundleni Homo erectus ekugcineni kwaba - ongowenzalo lokuqala uqonde indoda. Ubufakazi lo mbono isici izinsalela ezitholakele, kanye nesikhathi labo ozimele, lapho kwakukhona kokubili izinhlobo.

Into ushintshe umhlaba

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo impikiswano, iqiniso elilodwa elishiwo uselokhu njalo okufanayo. Ngosuku lapho Homo lokuqala habilis emhlabeni kwashintsha unomphela. Isizathu - ikhono elisha ephakamisa lezi hominids ngenhla nezinye izidalwa, okungukuthi lokucabanga ngokunengqondo.

izinguquko ezifanayo ziye zenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi ubuchopho bomuntu enekhono kakhulu anda ngobukhulu kuqhathaniswa wawoyise. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe kwakuyihora 500-700 cc, owawungumnyaka pretty umxhwele ku nalawo mazinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, washintsha isakhiwo salo: occipital ingxenye, obhekene imizwelo engokwemvelo, kwehle, futhi engaphelele, yesikhashana futhi parietal, kunalokho, baye bandisa ngosayizi.

Kodwa kuzenze zibathinte nakakhulu kwaba ukutholakala ukuthi ubuchopho Homo habilis kuvela, kwadingeka ekuqaleni endaweni Broca sika. Futhi, njengoba waziwa kabanzi ukuthi isayensi, kuba lesi sitho unesibopho wokucubungula inkulumo. Futhi, cishe, lezi hominids liqala usebenzisa inhlanganisela imisindo ngemva kwesikhathi akhula aba ulimi agcwele.

Izici yokuphila

Ngokungafani oyise, Homo habilis akuvamile ukukhuphuka izihlahla. Manje yangaphambili "Indlu" bakhonza njengendikimba umthombo nokokwembatha zesikhashana ukuba uphumule. Isizathu salokhu kwaba ukusonteka yezingalo nemilenze yangemuva, okuyinto sebejwayele ukuba isikhathi ushintsho emhlabathini, kodwa ngenxa yalesi abalahlekelwe ekubambeleleni kwawo. Kodwa ibe isiphephelo abantu abanamakhono ngokuya baqala ukusebenzisa emhumeni ezingaba awuvikele izakhi nezilwane zasendle.

Nokho, ngesinye isikhathi besizwe hominids akuvamile imisiwe, ikakhulukazi uma kwakugcwele imikhaya eminingi. Futhi zonke ngoba okhokho bethu abazange bazi indlela yokutshala ukudla, kanye nemithombo yemvelo mpilo ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, base ukuphila ikakhulukazi ayimizulane, usuka kwenye indawo uya kwenye.

senhlalo

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi esizweni Homo habilis yayikhona yokwehlayo nokuhlukana yemfanelo. Ikakhulukazi, kwamadoda ayenza nokuzingela nokudoba, kanye abesifazane kubutsela izithelo kanye amakhowe. Ngakho yonke imikhiqizo isizwe etholwe ngokulinganayo wabelane phakathi kwabo, kanjalo nokunakekela nenzalo yomuntu nenzalo abantu abakhubazekile.

ososayensi nazo oyikholelwayo ukuthi inhloko yawo wonke amadoda kwakukhona umholi eyodwa. ukugomela okunjalo kusekelwe logic kunokuba emaqinisweni. Kodwa ochwepheshe abaningi namathela kuwo, ngoba ukuziphatha iphethini isici ezinjalo cishe yonke nezinkawu okukhulu.

amathuluzi Homo habilis

Lolu hlobo akuyona into okuthiwa i-Homo habilis. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, yena waba ummeleli wokuqala uhlanga lwesintu, siye safunda ukuthi usebenzise uphinde ukukhiqiza ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene. Yiqiniso, ikhwalithi kanye ezihlukahlukene ayiyinhle kakhulu, kodwa iqiniso ukuthi ukhona izikebhe - impumelelo enkulu.

Zonke amathuluzi zazenziwe itshe noma ithambo, ngensimbi ku nezinye izinto. Ngokuvamile, weza abavubukuli yonkana scrapers nemimese ukuthi zibekwe ngokucacile esetshenziselwa uhlinza inyama. Ukusetshenziswa izinto ezinjalo kuye kwabangela ukuba iqiniso lokuthi ezako Iminyaka eyinkulungwane 500. Yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ka-Homo habilis ibhulashi lawuguqula ngokuphelele ibe entendeni, ikhono ukugcina izinto zibe nzima.