Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo China. Umlando China. Into ezithakazelisayo kakhulu mayelana China

isiko Asian idonse abantu njalo kusuka emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba iwumthombo impucuko, lapho kudabuka khona izinkolo zezwe, ipharadesi ukudla - konke lokhu kungashiwo kunakunoma iliphi izwe le ingxenye yezwe. Futhi ikakhulukazi mayelana China. Kwakuthinta bathole okuningi, ngaphandle okuyinto ezweni lanamuhla beliyohluka kakhulu. Lapha, wonke umuntu eziqhenya isiko ezinhle nangomlando. Abaningi wemindeni, izipi nasezinxushunxushwini, lokhu isimo esinamandla wakwazi ukunqoba zonke izinkinga futhi ukuthatha enye yezindawo eziyinhloko phezu wesimanje kohulumeni bamazwe. kuphela izinto ezithandekayo mayelana China, amasiko, isiko kanye nabantu bakuleli zwe - ukuqhubeka kwe-athikili.

ulimi

IsiShayina is zihlukaniswa yinkimbinkimbi kwako. Nanoma yimuphi umfokazi ofuna nganoma iyiphi indlela ukukhuluma ngokucacile kuso, ukuba ngaphezu konyaka kokusebenza kanzima imini yonke. Nazi izici lolu limi kubonakale ezithakazelisayo baseYurophu:

• Ulimi isiRashiya nkulumo evamile "puzzle Chinese", kanye nabanye babe okulingana. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesiNgisi kuzwakala 'Kuyinto ngesiGreki kimi'. Kwezinye, kungcono ezahlukene. Inkulumo-German libhekisela nobunzima iSpanishi, Romanian - Turkish futhi Chinese ivelele ngokumelene isizinda ihehe ulimi inyoni.
• Phakathi izakhamuzi Chinese Vietnamese abantu abaningi kangaka abanale iphimbo ephelele. Siyini isizathu? Into wukuthi lezi ulimi ezimbili kokuthona, okusho ukuthi izwi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi indlela wena ukulibiza. Njengoba Vietnamese futhi Chinese zisetshenziselwa ke kusukela ebuntwaneni, khona-ke zazibezwa athuthukiswe kahle.
• igama lwemali China "RMB" kusho "round uhlamvu lwemali". Elihambisana nomqondo uhlamvu "wathuthela" in Japanese-Korean futhi, lapho igama imali washintsha on the "Won" futhi "yen", ngokulandelana.
• Kuyini China ezithakazelisayo izifiki, ngakho-ke kuba ukungaboni ngaso linye kwabo kwamasiko. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1928, lapho owaziwa emhlabeni wonke, "Coca-Cola" bavele emakethe Chinese, abanye osomabhizinisi sinqume ukuhumusha igama isiphuzo. Ukusebenzisa salokhu abalingisi umemezela kakhulu efana "Coca-Cola" babekhohliwe ukuphatha banakekele ukuhunyushwa umqondo. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka isihloko ukuthi Russian angahunyushwa ngokuthi "uxhumano ngunoshobishobi wax." Rebranding Yiqiniso, umbukwane, kodwa abakhangisi sinqume ukulungisa igama nje ushintshe yona "co-ku-ko-le," okusho ukuthi "emlonyeni ogcwele injabulo."

gastronomy

Nakuba yonke iYurophu odla Cutlery evamile, amaShayina sihlale sithembekile namasiko alo, kokuqhubeka ukusebenzisa izinti. Njengoba ukuminyana labantu lapha udlula zonke imikhawulo kungenzeka, kubalulekile ukuzivumelanisa, usebenzisa yonke imikhiqizo kungenzeka futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi mina mangaza izivakashi. Ngakho, la maqiniso ambalwa ezithakazelisayo mayelana China futhi izintandokazi ukudla of abagibeli bayo:

• Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi amakhukhi nengcebo, abaningi bazi njengoba Chinese, eqinisweni, amaJapane! Ikakhulukazi esithandwayo US, lapho wayebethelwe khona zezihambi ovela eJapane, eboleka umbono emathempelini yabo. Ukungaqondi kahle mayelana namakhukhi avele, cishe ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, lapho-Japanese baseMelika bazithola okuhlushwa nasemajele ngoba wayebatshela ukuthi uJesu isiko lakhe Chinese.
• izakhamizi Fastidiousness of China zihlukile akukho. Ukudla lapha ungavula cishe noma yini. Nokho, ayenzi ngaphandle amasiko athile kakhulu. I Dunja edolobheni, isibonelo, kukhona isiko - ukupheka amaqanda umchamo ngabafana. Dish, kwaba okungavamile kangaka for the West, ingalungiswa kufika osukwini, futhi, kusolakala ukuthi izakhamizi ukuhogela entwasahlobo.
• Ukupheka kulelizwe ifinyelele nezingwenya. Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi isikhwama babo benza, ngakho basuke namanje ophoqelelwe ilinde indlu, bese badle. Njengoba gourmets bendawo abathanda ingwenya inyama, ukuthi amatasa le ezihuquzelayo catch. Njengoba ingwenya catch enkulu akulula ukuzobaveza iningi lawo kungabazalwane abasebasha futhi ekhuluphele, ukuzigcina emnyango endlini, okwenza lesi silwane empeleni unogada. Kodwa isiphetho esidabukisayo wabathengi akusho anqikaze ingwenya, futhi uma ifinyelela obuphelele ofiselekayo nomsila, uba isidlo santambama Chinese omnivorous.
• Isobho "Isidleke Swallow sika", naphezu kwegama layo, akuhlangene ne lezi zinyoni akudingeki. Futhi benza yini ngenxa izinyoni, bese usebenzisa esidlekeni amahlolamvula, okuyinto zenziwa kusukela ngamathe.

Nasi a belusizi

Ukukhuluma amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo mayelana China, ingasaphathwa ubuhlobo abakhileyo ezweni elithile lase-Asia ukuze ukufa nokukholelwa ezeni ngokweqile.

• Njengoba emazweni amaningi kubhekwa isibalo esibi 13, futhi kukhona ngisho igama laleli bawosi kwamanye amazwe empumalanga besabe izinombolo 4. Kungani? Vele amaJapane, inombolo isi-Korean futhi Chinese 4 umsindo ungathi elithi "ukufa." Kube ngokuvamile entula ngisho ukushanela, okuyinto izinombolo ephela ngo 4.
• EChina, kukhona isiko ukuba ashise imali yephepha ngesineke emngcwabeni. Lapho elisuka? Into wukuthi baseChina kwelizayo njengendawo lapho imimoya ehlala. Uma esihogweni, labafile ukugwazela kuye umbusi, ukugwema isijeziso. Ngakho-ke, abantu emngcwabeni woza, ashiswa ungenisa amanothi "okuwo 'ukuze umoya oshonile. Ngokuvamile achazwa izinhlamvu ezivamile, ezifana dragon. Nakuba eminyakeni yamuva, futhi umuntu angabona ngokuvamile ukuthola imifanekiso ubuntu abadumile. Ngokuvamile kukhona Marilyn Monroe futhi Einstein.

Kafushane mayelana China. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izingane

• Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi impucuko Chinese - omdala emhlabeni. Kusuke kufanele kube njalo! Kukhona izikhumbuzo kwamasiko ukuthi esukela emuva le 6th ekhulwini BC. e.
• Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi insimu lokhu state omkhulu, kuba umkhawulo wesikhathi eyodwa nje kuphela.
• Kulapha iphepha yangasese kwase kukhona 1300. Nokho, ekuqaleni wayevunyelwe ukusebenzisa kuphela amalungu asebukhosini.
• China iyikhaya hhayi kuphela iphepha yangasese, kodwa izinhlobo eziningi zezithelo nezimbali, okuyinto namuhla chithi emhlabeni wonke.
• Njalo lapho eRussia ezifuywayo kukhona amakati nezinja eChina, lokhu indima ezenziwa izinyendle. Izingane ngisho uhlele izimpi nalezi izinambuzane.
• Ukutshela amaqiniso ethakazelisayo China, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi wokuzilibazisa othandwa kakhulu phakathi Chinese - ke philately.
• UYALILA nakhu ubhekwa omhlophe, omnyama njengoba kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu.
• China ukufanele ukudunyiswa, futhi kokusungulwa ayisikhilimu, iresiphi of esahlanganisa Europe ngosizo i-Marco Polo.
• Ukumiswa amabhuloho, njengabanye abaningi, kuhlanganise ikhampasi, umsebenzi wokunyathelisa nokuthutha neziqhumane, kakhulu, wafika evela e-Asia. Nokho, lapha bavela 25 BC. e., njengoba babenjalo-Europe iminyaka 1,800 kamuva.
• Symbol ukuchuma inhlanhla kuleli lizwe - ilulwane.
• Futhi-ke, ingasaphathwa umkhosi ebaluleke kakhulu, okuyinto nansi New Year.

Umlando China. Ezinye ezithakazelisayo

izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo ezenzeka phakathi kumiswa isimo. Kuze kube manje, lokhu nakanjani ezweni elichumayo, kodwa yini ephawulekayo Kwathi endleleni ka lasungulwa?

• Isenzakalo esibalulekile mlando eChina, okuyinto nemiphumela emibi kuwo, kwaba ukuthunjwa izinambuzane! WaseByzantium uJustinian I wathumela izindela ezimbili okwadingeka ukufunda indlela yokuthola ukudala usilika, eyaduma eChina ekhulwini lesi-6. Bakwazi ukuthatha nabo amacimbi kasilika izibungu, okuyinto ke lawela ngempumelelo kamalibhele izihlahla. Lo mcimbi neqhaza ekuchumeni waseByzantium, kodwa China nasePheresiya isikhundla ngokuphambene zazamazama.
• Umlando yamuva of China, futhi, ugcwele amaqiniso engavamile. Ngokwesibonelo, indoda Chinese ezingaziwa uvele ohlwini lwabantu abaningi abanethonya kwekhulu lama-20, owayengamele umagazini i-Time. Ngo-1989 e-Beijing, kwakukhona ukuboniswa, zabulala amakhulu amaningana abantu. It babeyokufa okuningi ukube bekungengenxa indoda onesibindi, ngubani wakwazi ukubamba ikholomu yabo amathangi. Ngeshwa, ubuntu bakhe, nokho, njengoba lokho kwaba phezu ngaye ngalolo suku, kuhlale kuyimfihlo, nakuba isithombe sakhe ephrintiwe amaphephandaba emhlabeni wonke.

China ungomunye yezimpucuko endala kunawo wonke emhlabeni, esingeyena esingaphansi 5 izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Kukhona imithombo ngisho ebhaliwe, engu-okuyinto ifinyelela eminyakeni 3.5 million. Abavubukuli bakholelwa ukuthi isigodi okhokho Chinese zanamuhla synanthropes, owaphila eminyakeni ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 400 edlule.

Eyokuqala impucuko Chinese

ukuthuthukiswa China sika esikhathini Neolithic ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko. Owokuqala uqukethe isiko Yangshao (3-2 ayizinkulungwane. BC. E.) kabani khona kuqinisekiswa kokutholakala sobumba. Okwesibili - Longshan - kuyiphi umuntu angabona izitsha eziningi umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu.

lwamakhosi

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amaningana edlule ensimini ka China wesimanje lwamakhosi. Ngowokuqala ngqa sazo Xia, umsunguli okwakukhona Yu. Centre lwamakhosi kwaba eSifundazweni Henan, nakuba kunenkolelo ithonya lakhe enwetshiwe kwezinye izifunda. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amandla ama-emperor lancipha, namandla, inkosi yaqala zisebenza kuphela isiqondiso esingokomoya. A indima ebalulekile kakhulu ngesikhathi Xia BakwaHan ukudlala ikhalenda ukuthi yeminyaka kamuva, washaywa Confucius. Njengoba nje ama-emperor waqala ukuba sidebeselele imisebenzi yawo engokomoya, amakhosi zabhuntsha. Nokho, maduzane nje, wazalwa entsha.

izwe Modern China yasungulwa futhi ngaphansi kwethonya Shang lwamakhosi, okubandakanya ababusi-30. It efakiwe totemism kanye nohlobo matriarchal kwamandla. Okubaluleke ayebhekwa unkulunkulukazi umhlaba kunokuba unkulunkulu esibhakabhakeni. indawo State yayisethafeni ingxenye enkulu China yesimanje, futhi ibilokhu ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda. Ummeleli ngamunye wabo bekumele avele njalo esigodlweni sombusi ngezipho ukumdumisa.

Kwabe aseChina ukuthi wagumbuqela ababusi Shang. Ngemva kwalokho, futhi iyisimo elise ensimini ka bacishe bayifunda yonke Yellow soMfula lahlukaniswa laba eziningi cishe abanye abazama njalo ukuncintisana nabanye.

umbuso Chinese

Esikhathini kusuka 221 kuya 207 BC. e. It liqala ukubusa, ama-Qin Dynasty, okuyinto ephethwe yokuhlanganisa izindawo disparate ibe ebumbene. Lesi yisikhathi esihle abathintekayo yonke indawo isimo yesimanje of China. Into ezithakazelisayo kakhulu kwenzekani nge ohlelweni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwalo mbuso. Uhlelo izinduna wabhujiswa, ezokuthutha, kunalokho, lakhiwa. Phakathi nale nkathi, ithuthukiswe umnotho, ezohwebo kanye ukukhiqiza kwezolimo. Nokho lwamakhosi eyathatha iminyaka engu-10 kuphela, futhi wafa, kanye nombusi zawo, okwathi ngemva isimo waqala agqoke ukuvukela abanolaka.

It kwathathelwa indawo Han Dynasty, okuyinto kwasho nezinkinga nezimpi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-emperor kwelungelo futhi abantu iye yatha- ubuConfucius. Kodwa kamuva amandla Sui Dynasty, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho yakhiwa Grand Canal. Noma kunjalo, izimpi njalo futhi feuds engumakhelwane izifundazwe yengcebo sikhathele siyingcuba.

Uma ucabangela amaqiniso ethakazelisayo China, asikwazi ngikuxoxele le Tang BakwaHan, okuyinto wakwazi ukusungula ukuthula isihlobo nokuzinza ezweni. Phakathi nale nkathi, okungenxa yezimo ezikhethekile yaqhakaza amasiko zobuciko. Lokhu zinakekelwe abaningi ababusi lwamakhosi. Kwaba nesimo ezinamandla, okuyinto ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni hhayi kuphela ubuciko, kodwa futhi kuyisayensi nasenkolweni. Nokho, ababusi ayikwazanga unakekele balelo butho nezinye ngokushesha ngenxa yokuvukela njalo wagumbuqela lwamakhosi. Inani amakhosi abekade amandla endaweni, kuhlanganise Yuan, Ming futhi Qing.

umlando wanamuhla

Kuvele isikhathi ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isimo kwaba ngekhulu le-18, lapho ikakhulukazi ithuthukiswe kwamaZwe, futhi abaningi baseYurophu Kungaba ezithakazelisayo ukwazi China, namasiko alo kanye nalabo bantu, ngoba lokho lapho engathenga engcono usilika, zobumba kanye nezinye izinto eziningi. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho kwakukhona ilwa neJapane, okwaphumela elahlekile China Taiwan, Korea kanye Pescadores. Kugcine Qing lwamakhosi liwa ngo-1911, futhi ngemva konyaka isimo ezamenyezelwa republic yomthethosisekelo. Kamuva, Beijing yamemezela enhloko-dolobha yaleli zwe.

Ngo-1917, China ingena kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, befuna ukuba abuyise emazweni ezithathwe Japan. Kodwa ukusekelwa abasuka emazweni ahlangene, engasitholi. Khona-ke "oshayelayo" isimo kuba Communist Party ne omunye umholi walo esivuna Mao Tszedun, akekho noyedwa kulaba baholi ezivelele kunazo zonke emlandweni, wenza izinguquko eziningi esimweni. Dissociation yezwe ayezama ukuyiqeda uchungechunge ababusi, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, China isidlulile civil kanye Nempi YaseKorea, esimweni sekube kwekuhlela kabusha eziningi, kanye nomnotho libuyiselwe.

Imiphumela

Njengoba iwumthombo impucuko - siyafuna China. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izingane kanye nabantu abadala, kanye akanhlanhlatsi emfushane, okuyinto banikezwe ngenhla, nika kuphela umqondo eyethile kangakanani i nomthelela kule Nkulumo Echaza Isimo kwadingeka umhlaba wonke esikhathini esidlule futhi uyaqhubeka kuze kube manje. Lokhu nje kwenziwa eziningi eziye zatholwa ewusizo bezalwa inkolo, impucuko Amazing kanye namasiko ukuthi eminyaka ngasinda. izindawo ezithakazelisayo eChina, lapho edume kunazo - kungcono Wall, unyaka ngamunye izivakashi eziningi futhi ngesizathu esizwakalayo. Abantu zihlale ezikhanga impucuko ongaqondakali, lasendulo futhi omkhulu. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo China kuwukuchofoza kakhiye emnyango, ngemuva okuyinto kufihlwe ezweni sihluke European, kodwa enjalo ezikhangayo futhi egcwele izimfihlakalo.