I Cold War: kafushane mayelana ebaluleke kakhulu

IMpi Yomshoshaphansi, okuyinto chaza kafushane kulesi sehlakalo, esingeyena parallel emlandweni wesintu. Kuyo yonke imibuso yezwe kukhona cishe engu-40 ubudala ligcwaliswe kudalwa esinamandla uyaca. I izingalo uhlanga buye baphoqa abantu ukuthi uphila ngokwesaba.

IMpi Yomshoshaphansi, uthi qaphu qaphu ngayo izenzakalo main uzobe kuchazwe ngezansi, ikakhulukazi okwenzeka phakathi kweSoviet Union ne-United States. yamazwe amabili ayizikhondlakhondla emhlabeni, amakamu amabili - i-capitalism kanye sezenhlalo, onamandla isikhungo ababili basempini. Konke lokhu kwaqala ukwehluleka zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ukwamukela okubizwa ngokuthi "LukaMarshall." EU.SSR wesabela ukuthi amazwe sezenhlalo kuyofika ngaphansi kwethonya-United States. inkulumo Churchill ngo-Fulton ukubeka konke endaweni yayo: ekuqaleni ukukulungisa evulekile phakathi imidondoshiya ezimbili.

kubonakaliswa kanjani? izingxabano Local iMpi Yomshoshaphansi babe abukhali futhi iyingozi: obumbi Berlin uqede Ekuphakanyisweni Berlin Wall - uphawu eMpini Yomshoshaphansi, futhi Lensimbi, le-Cuban missile crisis in 1962 cishe kwaholela Okwesithathu iMpi Yezwe, Nempi YaseKorea isibe inkomba ukuthi kwelinye izwe kungaba ahlukaniselwe uthi ezimbili ezihlukene, empini Afghan isibe isibonelo unya, kanye nempi yaseVietnam - kwezinye zezimpi ezinkulu engxenyeni nekhulu lesibili leminyaka.

Njengoba iMpi Yomshoshaphansi (kafushane mayelana amabhlogo wadala) baba nesikhathi ukudalwa imifelandawonye eziningi zezombusazwe ithi: main amabhlogo amabili aphikisanayo - lokhu WTO futhi NATO, ngalokutsite esigodzini kwezomnotho CMEA kanye EEC, kanye amabhlogo ahlukahlukene CENTO, ASEAN. Hhayi usehambile kanye nesayensi: kukhona zadalwa le ngebhomu le-athomu, ekuhlolweni kokuqala "umphakathi" okwenziwa e ukusebenza empini Japanese Ngo-August 1945, lapho Hiroshima futhi Nagasaki kwaqhunyiswa ngamabhomu.

Kamuva okukuwo kwadalwa Soviet hydrogen ibhomu. Ngaphezu ukudalwa izikhali zembubhiso, iSoviet Union ne-United States ligcwaliswe kutsi kwehlwaywe isikhala. Ngakho, umuntu wokuqala emkhathini kwaba Yuri yethu Gagarin, futhi umuntu wokuqala enyangeni - Neil Armstrong kubo. Ukuqondwa kahle emkhathini kungasho indlela yokunqoba elilodwa noma kwelinye ikamu.

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo ekuncintisaneni okushubile e iMpi Yomshoshaphansi kwakuyinkathi yokululama detente, lapho izivumelwano ezibalulekile ku ukuhlolwa komkhawulo nokwehlisa izingalo Ukhishiwe. Le nkathi has okulandelayo ngesikhathi esibekiwe: 1962/1979 biennium. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwathiwa eyenziwa nokuvikeleka umhlangano aziwayo e Helsinki, lapho iSoviet Union yayimelelwe leonid uBrezhnev.

Kodwa ngo-1979, iMpi Yomshoshaphansi lithole esiyindilinga entsha. Ukuhlaselwa yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Afghanistan kwaphawula ukuqala ngesihluku impi Afghan. Ukuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi iphutha esikhathini yokwakha kabusha, lapho uMikhail Gorbachev wamemezela "ukucabanga elisha lezombusazwe" wasuka amabutho aseSoviet kusukela e-Afghanistan. Kwakungesinye izizathu ukunqotshwa kweSoviet Union emncintiswaneni izikhali yezempi.

IMpi Yomshoshaphansi, kuchazwe kafushane izenzakalo izingalo uhlanga iqaliswe amabhlogo nokwatholakala - konke lokhu kuye kwaba ingxenye ebalulekile emlandweni kwekhulu lama-20. Ukuxabana phakathi mibuso yezwe emibili iphelile ekunqobeni zezombusazwe zase-USSR futhi ukuwa ekamu sezenhlalo.