Kuyini ezolimo? Umlando ukuvela ezolimo

Ezolimo, ngokuba kakhulu lasendulo yalemisebenzi womuntu, isungule ngempela Ukuboshelwa emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Kuyini ezolimo?

Ezolimo ukuthi kwavela ngenkathi uhlelo bakudala kuwumphumela isikhathi eside ukukhula komuntu.

Yaqala lapho abantu kakade wayazi indlela yokuzingela baba matasa bebutha izithelo zasendle. bokusebenza komuntu uye wazidela ekukhiqizweni isitshalo, ukukhethwa nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ewusizo kakhulu, umthelela othile kubo ukuze zifanelane nezidingo zabo.

Umlando kwezolimo: ukuvela, izibhamu

Umsuka ezolimo kudala, lapho abantu abaqaphela ukuthi okusanhlamvu ahlukahlukene izithelo noma izindlebe, awela emhlabathini (athukulule), ziqhume bese iveza isithelo futhi. Bese lafika kuye, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ungakwazi ukhule ukudla. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, baye baba imbewu izitshalo ezidliwayo sokutshala ukhule.

Ukuhlwanyelwa ukhethe izwe flat kakhulu, okuyinto zitholakala eduze kwamanzi. Abantu baye bafunda athambise ukhula kusulwe phansi uhlobo amageja bese kuleli zwe, basilahla okusanhlamvu. Kwakuyisikhathi uhlobo hoe ezolimo. Ngemva yokuvuthwa, babuthela ngayo isikela ehlanganisa arched lokhuni noma ithambo stem (isibambo), kulo izingcezu abukhali zamatshe.

Ukufika kombuso ezolimo saba negalelo ekwakhiweni kwamathuluzi amasha nokuningi kusebenziseka kalula. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, abantu baye bakha futhi alime. Ekuqaleni kwaba nje isigxobo ifindo abukhali ekupheleni. Wavele uboshelwe izinkunzi amahanisi. Leli thuluzi kungenziwa kusetshenzwe umhlaba abantu abengeziwe, ke kwaphawuleka ukuthi isivuno kusuka ensimini enjalo eshayisa bekulokhu ephakeme kunomhlaba, hoe kusetshenzwe. Zilimeleni umhlaba ilinywa ezijulile futhi imbewu itshalwe ezijulile ukunikeza isivuno esihle.

izitshalo Okokuqala esekhulile

Abantu izitshalo kuqala esekhulile babe ibhali, ukolweni, namabele. Futhi okwazalelwa zabo - Western Asia (Peninsula Malaya Aziya futhi ezindaweni ezakhelene ke). Kuyinto kulezi zindawo kanye nemizana abalimi eminingi yasendulo atholakele. Kumila kwenzeka iminyaka engu-10 000 edlule. Kusukela lezi zindawo kwezolimo liye kancane kancane zasakazekela kulo lonke izwe.

It lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi ezolimo ngalezo zinsuku, lapho abantu base bekhona kakade indlela okunethezekile zokuphila kwakhe, waba negalelo elikhulu ukuvela nezinto ezintsha, ngaphezulu amathuluzi elula futhi ngcono. Ngokusebenzisa le nqubo yaqala ukuhlanganisa ukuthuthukisa lo msebenzi - Manual ukukhiqizwa yabadobi amathuluzi nemishini ehlukahlukene.

Ukuthuthukiswa izindawo zokulima

Inani elikhulu ucwaningo ngemivubukulo kanye paleobotanic ziphakamisa umsuka isixhumanisi wezolimo endulo ne esishintshashintshayo ka Amathafa entabeni nezigodi eziseningizimu zone esihle. usosayensi odumile N. I. Vavilov likhombe ezinye izikhungo ukuvela ezolimo (VII-III yeminyaka BC ...) lwasendulo:

1. Anterior (ukolweni, ibhali kanye nokunye.).
2. Intaba Valley nasempumalanga China (ukolweni, ilayisi, unyaluthi, nokunye.).
3. Mexico (pepper, ubhontshisi kanye nokunye.).
4. I Ingcenye ephakathi yesigaba Peru (pepper, Ugalonci, ukotini, usoya nokunye.).

Kuyini ezolimo ezikude Melika? Kukhona-ke kwavela ngempela ngokuzimele nezinye izindawo kuleli zwekazi, futhi cishe ngisho lasendulo ngaphezulu.

Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke ngokuya ukuthuthukiswa isiko nezokulima emhlabeni ngemva eMexico Izindawo: Peru, India, Bolivia, China, neSiriya.

ENtshonalanga Yurophu, ukuvela ezolimo kuhlehlela emuva V-IV yeminyaka BC.

Ensimini ka eRussia kanye izindawo eliseduze kwayo, ezolimo eladabuka the Stone Age. Futhi izikhungo endala - zonke izindawo Transcaucasia futhi Asia Ephakathi.

isiphetho

Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo umbuzo yini ezolimo, singaphetha ngokuthi kokuba yingcweti lo msebenzi futhi isilwane ukunakekela, isintu uye wathuthela kancane kancane kusukela appropriating (njengoba nasendulo) ukuphathwa ekukhiqizeni ukudla - waya ngokushesha amathuluzi inqubo ngcono umsebenzi. Lokhu kwaba nomthelela ukuvela izikebhe.