Abantu bomdabu eSiberia. Abantu eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. abantu Small yeSiberia

Ngokwabacwaningi ezindaweni ezahlukene, abantu bomdabu eSiberia ixazululwe kule ndawo ngasekupheleni Paleolithic. Kuyaziwa ukuthi isikhathi libhekene ukuzingelwa ukuthuthukiswa enkulu kokubili zokudoba.

Namuhla iningi izizwe nezinhlanga esifundeni zimbalwa futhi amasiko abo on the esengozini yokuqothulwa. Okulandelayo sizozama bajwayelane geography wezwe lakithi, njengoba nje nabantu bakwa eSiberia. Abamele Photo ngolimi oluthile nokulima izokwethulwa esihlokweni.

Ukuhlaziya lezi izici zokuphila, sizama ukubonisa ukuhlukahluka abantu futhi bangase yokuvusa isithakazelo yomfundi ekuvakasheni nesasasa.

ethnogenesis

Cishe yonke indawo eSiberia emelelwa uhlobo Mongoloid lomuntu. Kuthathwa okwazalelwa kuyo Asia Ephakathi. Ngemva kokuqala ukubaleka abantu yeqhwa izici nje enjalo ixazululwe esifundeni. Ngaleso sikhathi, ingakamiswa asethuthukile izinkomo kakhulu, ngakho umsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu labantu beqala ukumfunisisa.

Uma ulihlola ibalazwe amaqembu ezilimi yeSiberia, sizobona ukuthi zivezwa kakhulu Altai nemindeni Ural. Tungus, amaMongol nezilimi Turkic kulolu hlangothi - kanye nezinye Finno-Samoyed.

izici zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho

Abantu eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude ekuthuthukiseni Russian zesifunda ngokuyisisekelo kwadingeka ngendlela efanayo zokuphila. Okokuqala, abavamile ubudlelwane zamaKhosi. Amasiko wawugcinwa emizaneni ehlukile, imishado wazama yini ukusakaza ngaphesheya isizwe.

Amakilasi zihlukaniswe ngokuvumelana nendawo yokuhlala. Uma kwakuba khona mfula ezinkulu, ngokuvamile wahlangana nemizana ixazululwe abadobi, ngubani wayezelwe ezolimo. Main ababodwa eyingoduso kuphela izinkomo zizalela, isibonelo, kuvamile abangu abelusa.

Lezi zilwane elula yokuzalanisa hhayi kuphela inyama, undemanding ukuba ukudla, kodwa futhi ngenxa izikhumba zazo. Ziyakwazi mncane kakhulu futhi efudumele, ngaleyo ndlela sivumele izizwe ezifana evenks kube nabagibeli ezinhle futhi amasosha e izingubo ukhululekile.

Ngemva kokuba insimu ka a zokuphila isibhamu zishintshile kakhulu.

Iphanorama ezingokomoya ekuphileni kwawo

Abantu eSiberia lasendulo zisekhona nabalandela nemimoya. Nakuba sekungamakhulu eminyaka ke uye washintsha ahlukahlukene, kodwa amandla alo elahlekile. Buryats, isibonelo, ekuqaleni wanezela eminye imicikilisho, bese switched ngokuphelele nobuBuddha.

Iningi lalezi ezinye izizwe abangu ngokusemthethweni wabhapathizwa kusukela ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Kodwa kungcono idatha esemthethweni. Uma sithatha ride bedabula imizana nemizana eyayihlala abantu elincane eSiberia, sizobona isithombe ehluke ngokuphelele. Iningi banamathele emasikweni eminyaka ubudala wawoyise ngaphandle emisha, abanye sihlanganise izinkolelo zabo lenye yezinkolo ezinkulu.

Ikakhulukazi labo izici zokuphila avele ngamaholide kazwelonke, lapho ko abanezinkolelo ezihlukahlukene. Ziyathandelana futhi udale indlela eyingqayizivele engafaniswa isiko eyiqiniso esizweni.

Ake siqhubeke ukukhuluma okuningi mayelana nokuthi yini kukhona abantu bomdabu eSiberia.

Aleuts

Bazibiza unangany nomakhelwane babo (Eskimo) - alakshak. Inombolo ephelele ngokulambisa ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili abantu, abaningi babo bahlala esenyakatho US nase-Canada.

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi le Aleuts ayakhiwe eminyakeni acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu ezedlule. Nokho, ngezinye imvelaphi yabo, kukhona ezimbili zemibono. Ezinye ababheke ehlukile inhlangano yobuzwe, abanye - ukuthi wayehlukile phakathi Eskimo.

Ngaphambi laba bantu wahlangana eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox, ogama labo abanamathela kunjalo nanamuhla, Aleuts ababethi ingxube nemilingo futhi animism. The main imvunulo Shamanic kwaba ngesimo inyoni, nemimoya izici ezihlukahlukene kanye izenzakalo ukuboniswa buso lokhuni.

Namuhla bakhulekela uNkulunkulu munye, okuyinto ngolimi lwabo libizwa Agugum futhi imele kutfotjelwa zonke izimiso ubuKristu.

On endaweni Russian Federation, njengoba sizobona ngezansi, inikeza abantu abaningi elincane eSiberia, kodwa bahlala kuphela kwenye indawo ehlala - edolobhaneni Nikolskoye.

Itelmens

The self-gama livela izwi "itenmen", okusho ukuthi "umuntu ophila lapha," sendawo, ngamanye amazwi.

Abakwazi ukuhlangabezana entshonalanga endaweni yeNhlonhlo eKamchatka nasesikhathini Magadan esifundeni. Inombolo ephelele - abantu abangaphezu kuka eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu kancane, ngokuvumelana yokubala abantu 2002.

Ngokubukeka asondele nohlobo zasePacific, kodwa kusadingeka izici esobala enyakatho Mongoloids.

Inkolo yasekuqaleni - animism futhi fetishism, primogenitor ubale iqhude. Bury abafileyo Itelmens bamukela indlela "emoyeni yami yokungcwaba." Umufi ivalile istlevaniya in the lomngcwabo emthini noma libekwe platform okhethekile. Lolusiko kungaba ozibongayo hhayi kuphela abantu baseMpumalanga eSiberia, endulo kwakuvame ngisho eCaucasus and eNyakatho Melika.

I ukudoba ezivame kakhulu ekudobeni kanye ezizingela ezincelisayo ugu ezifana lwezimpawu. Ngaphandle ukuhlangana okwandile.

Kamchadals

Hhayi bonke abantu eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude kukhona aboMdabu, isibonelo salokhu kungaba Kamchadals. Empeleni, lena akuyona esizimele, kodwa inhlanganisela kwabokufika Russian ne ezizweni ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala.

Ulimi doped yabo Russian nge izilimi zezigodi. Basakaza ngokuyinhloko Eastern eSiberia. Lezi zihlanganisa eKamchatka, Chukotka, Magadan esifundeni, uLwandle Okhotsk.

Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu, lonke inani liyashintshashintsha phakathi ezimbili namakhulu nengxenye abantu.

Empeleni, njengoba Kamchadals enjalo ebonakala kuphela phakathi nekhulu le-nesishiyagalombili. Ngaleso sikhathi, izifiki Russian futhi abahwebi oxhumana nabo esungulwe kakhulu lendawo, ezinye zazo washada itelmenkami kanye nabamele Koryak futhi Chuvans.

Ngakho, kodwa uhlangulisa inzalo ka lezi imifelandawonye yezizwana manje igama Kamchadals.

Koryak

Uma uqala ukuhlela abantu yeSiberia, Koryak ithathe indawo lokugcina kuhlu. Basuke abacwaningi Russian ezaziwa kusukela ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili.

Eqinisweni, lena akuyona isizwe esisodwa, kodwa izizwe eziningana. Bazibiza namylan noma chavchuven. Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu, namuhla inombolo yabo - abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ayisishiyagalolunye.

EKamchatka, Chukotka futhi Magadan esifundeni - insimu abamele lezi zizwe zama-ophilayo.

Uma senza ngezigaba ngesisekelo yokuphila, zihlukaniswe ugu nezimfunda.

Eyokuqala - nymylany. Aliutor eyakukhuluma ulimi lwaseKhanani futhi bekwi ukudoba olwandle - ukudoba nokuzingela ezingela izimvu zamanzi. Lezi ku isiko nendlela yempilo eduze Kerek. Lena eyinqaba kubantu ixazululwe ukuphila.

Okwesibili - chavchyv ayimizulane (reindeer). Ulimi bona Koryak. Bukhoma ku Penzhina lip Taigonos nezindawo ezizungezile.

Isici Isici esihlukanisa kubo elamaKoryak, efana ezinye izizwe baseSiberia buthatha yaranga. Lokhu zokuhlala Isigaxa emise mobile okwenziwe ngesikhumba sesilwane.

Muncie

Uma sikhuluma nabantu bomdabu base-Western eSiberia, ingasaphathwa Ural-Yukaghir ulimi umkhaya. Laba bameleli be-esivelele kunazo zonke kuleli qembu Mansi.

The self-igama abantu - "mendsy" noma "Voguls". "Muncie" ngolimi lwabo kusho "abantu."

Lokhu kwamiswa iqembu ngenxa nokwenziwa nezizwana Ural Ugric esikhathini Neolithic. Eyokuqala isilusingathile abazingeli, kwesibili - kwabelusi ayimizulane. Lokhu webumbacambili amasiko ukulima namanje owandile.

Oxhumana lokuqala kakhulu nomakhelwane entshonalanga ekhulwini leshumi nanye. Ngalesi sikhathi, Mansi bajwayelane Komi futhi Novgorod. Ngemva ngokujoyina Russia kwaqina Inqubomgomo ikoloni. Ekupheleni kwekhulu nesikhombisa, basuke kwaphoqa-mpumalanga, futhi nesishiyagalombili ngokusemthethweni zamukele ubuKristu.

Namuhla, kulesi sizwe, kukhona ezimbili phratry. Eyokuqala ubizwa ngokuthi Port, umzali yayo wathi Bear, futhi bakha ngesisekelo Urals yayo. Eyesibili libizwa Mos, umsunguli wayo - owesifazane Kaltashch, futhi iningi kule phratry kungokwalabo baseHungary.
Sici sici ukuthi kuphela emshadweni osemthethweni phakathi cross-phratries. Lolusiko has kuphela abanye abantu bomdabu Western eSiberia.

Nanai

Endulo zazaziwa ngokuthi Golds futhi omunye abameleli edume kunazo abantu - Dersu Uzala.

Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu nje phezu amabini anamahlanu amawaka. Bahlala kanye lase-Amur ku Russian Federation neChina. Ulimi - Nanai. Ensimini ka eRussia bayisebenzisa zamagama zesiCyrillic, e China - Ulimi engabhaliwe okwakudingeka.

Lezi izizwe yeSiberia zaziwa Khabarov, ngubani ekhulwini lesikhombisa, ehlola esifundeni. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa okhokho babo ixazululwe abalimi duchers. Kodwa abaningi oyikholelwayo ukuthi Nanai nje wafika la mazwe.

Ngo 1860, sibonga uhlelo lokuhlelwa kabusha imingcele egudle uMfula Amur, abaningi balaba bantu babe ngesikhathi esisodwa izakhamuzi ezimbili uthi.

Nenets

Ebala imishikashika izizwe Western eSiberia, akunakwenzeka ukuba zihlale kubo Nenets. Leli gama, njengo amagama eziningi kangaka tribal lezi zindawo, kusho ukuthi "indoda". Ukwahlulela All-Russian labantu yokubala abantu, kusukela Taimyr ukuze yonke iNhlonhlo Kola ikhaya labo laba yifa, angaphezu kwamashumi amane amawaka. Ngakho, kuvela ukuthi Nenets - esikhulu kunazo zonke kubantu bomdabu eSiberia.

Basuke zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili. Eyokuqala - emathafeni ase-, lapho iningi abamele yesibili - izinkuni (kukhona ongaphakeme). Imixhantela kulezi zizwe zihlukile ukuze umuntu aqonde elinye.

Njengazo zonke izizwe Western eSiberia, Nenets kuyizici kokubili Mongoloids futhi kwabaMhlophe. Futhi eduze empumalanga, izici European kancane.

Ngesisekelo emnothweni yalesi sizwe kuyinto reindeer kanye yabadobi ngokwezinga. isidlo Main - corned yenkomo, kodwa ekhishini igcwele inyama ebomvu izinkomo kanye nezinyamazane. Ngenxa eziqukethwe igazi Vitamin Nenets ukhwekhwe kungenzeki, kodwa enjalo exotic akuvamile hits izivakashi indawo kanye nezivakashi.

amaChukchi

Uma ucabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lwabantu ngahlala eSiberia, futhi ukuyifinyelela udaba ngokombono anthropology, sizobona izindlela ezimbalwa zokuhlala. Kwasekusiza abanye izizwe ezivela e-Asia Ephakathi, yi-nezinye - okuvela eziqhingini enyakatho ne-Alaska. encane ingxenye kuphela abantu bendawo.

AmaChukchi, luoravetlan noma, njengoba bazibiza, ngokubukeka efanayo ukuze uthayiphe Itelmens futhi Eskimo futhi babe nezici efana American aboMdabu. It is okulinga ukucabanga ngemvelaphi yabo.

Nge-Russian bahlangana ekhulwini lesikhombisa, futhi ezingaphezu kuka-eyikhulu babe nempi wezimpi ezalandela. Ngenxa yalokho, babehlala kwaphoqa phezu Kolyma.

Ebalulekile kwezohwebo eyayihlanganisa Iphuzu laliba Anyui inqaba isikaniso lapho wathuthela ngemva kokuwa Anadyr inqaba. Fair salesi siphephelo kwadingeka inzuzo amakhulu ezinkulungwane ruble.

amaqembu acebile amaChukchi - chauchu (reindeer) - zalethwa lapha ukuthengisa izikhumba. Ingxenye yesibili sabantu okuthiwa ankalyn (abalimi), bona ayezulazula enyakatho Chukotka futhi lokho kwaholela ukulima elula.

Huskies

Endoethnonym lesi sizwe - the Inuit, futhi igama elithi "Eskimo" lisho "umuntu esidla izinhlanzi eluhlaza." Bayibiza omakhelwane babo izizwe - wamaNdiya aseMelika.

Abacwaningi ukuhlonza abantu "Arctic" uhlanga ekhethekile. Basuke kakhulu bazivumelanisa ahlala endaweni futhi owakhiwe zonke ogwini ye-Arctic Ocean esuka eGreenland Chukotka.

Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu ngo-2002, e-Russia isibalo sabo sincane abantu mayelana anamabini amawaka kuphela. The main ingxenye yokuhlala endaweni yase-Canada ne-Alaska.

Inuit inkolo - animism nezigubhu kukhona amazwi angcwele kuyo yonke imikhaya.

Kubathandi exotic kuyoba ezithakazelisayo ukuze ufunde mayelana igunake. Lena isidlo esikhethekile ukuthi kuyingozi kakhulu ubani akadli kubo kusukela ebuntwaneni. Empeleni, lokhu abolile inyama ababuleweyo izinyamazane noma isilwane sasolwandle esikwaziyo futhi ukuphila ngaphandle ezweni esinamazinyo azingxavula (uphawu), ayeba kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ucindezelwa uhlalwane.

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko sihlole ezinye izizwe eSiberia. Bajwayelana negama zazo zangempela, ikakhulukazi inkolelo, ukulima kanye namasiko.