"Inkolo - umlaliso abantu." Ngubani umbhali wencwadi ibinzana?

Abaningi bethu bayawazi ibinzana "Inkolo -. Umlaliso abantu" Abantu ngokuvamile ukuyisebenzisa ngendlela abakhuluma ngayo nsuku zonke, kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu uyacabanga ubuqambi yayo.

Noma kunjalo, ubani washo la mazwi okokuqala? Futhi kungani ziye zaba kangaka yande kangaka? Sizama ukuba baphendule ngokuningiliziwe zale mibuzo.

Ubani wokuqala wathi la mazwi?

Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi okokuqala ibinzana "Inkolo - umlaliso abantu" lisetshenziswe imisebenzi yakhe, abameleli ababili emhlabeni izincwadi Western: Marquis de Sade futhi Novalis. Nakuba-ke kancane kakade ezitholakala imisebenzi abameleli zasendulo Ukukhanyiselwa, kusukela ekhulwini le-18, kodwa namanje kubhekwa ukuba okokuqala lezi mazwi akhulunywa omunye namaqhawekazi yemisebenzi Marquis de Sade.

Esikhathini inoveli, Marquis de Sade ngokuthi "Juliette", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1797, umlingiswa oyinhloko, ebhekisela enkosini, emtshela ukuthi iqembu elibusayo emphakathini ekhohlisa abantu, ludake kuye opium. Yenta loku ngenxa kuzozizuzisa zobugovu.

Ngale ndlela, inkulumo ethi e nokuchazwa Marquis de Sade musa ubheke inkolo, kodwa ngokuhlelwa komphakathi umphakathi esihlala kuwo abanye abantu, bangazihluphi ngokuthola isikhundla esivelele, wahlala ngezithukuthuku zabasebenzi nobumpofu yabanye.

inkolo Novalis

Nokho, imisebenzi German imbongi Novalis umphumela inkolo kakade ngqo exhumene isenzo opium. Inkolo njengoba opium kuthinta abantu, kodwa akusho amanxeba abo, kodwa ubulala yobuhlungu ukuhlupheka kuphela.

Ngokuvamile, le nkulumo kwakungelutho ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu noma evukelayo. Ngaleyo minyaka, opium wawuyisikhungo izinzwa main, ngakho-ke akazange kubhekwe njengendlela izidakamizwa futhi njengendlela yokuthola ukwesekwa abantu abagulayo.

Ngokwezinhloso zalesi ElikaDavide Novalis, obhekisela umphumela analgesic wenkolo kungenzeka ukuba nawo engqondweni yokuthi inkolo ungenza emphilweni umphakathi amaphuzu ayo omuhle, ingxenye ukunciphisa yobuhlungu izinkinga zenhlalo ukuthi azinakugwenywa kunoma iyiphi inkathi.

"Inkolo - ukuze abantu opium" Ngubani washo la mazwi eNgilandi?

Lamagama ngokubaluleka inkolo, ushukunyiswa ngemisebenzi Novalis futhi Marquis de Sade kungenzeka ukhohlwe, uma kungekhona kabusha kwavela England.

La mazwi wathi kwenye yezintshumayelo zakhe, umfundisi waseSheshi Charlz Kingsli. Yena wayengumbulali ubuntu colorful: indoda ekhaliphile futhi ufundiswe, Kingsley waba ngomunye wabasunguli zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni imibono Christian - okufundisa, okubandakanya kabusha umphakathi izimiso zobuKristu zokuziphatha.

Inkulumo ethi "Inkolo - umlaliso abantu" emibhalweni lo mpristi esetshenziswa lisho "analgesic sine."

Iqiniso liwukuthi phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule e umcabango Western babe mpikiswano eshubile mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo endleleni ingakhetfwa esintwini indlela zobuntu lobuKristu, ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni Christian, indlela zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni ezikhuthaza ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, noma umane ukulondolozwa oda emhlabeni ekhona.

Omunye nabaphikisi Kingsley waba sefilosofi esaziwayo futhi umlobi Marx.

Yini Marx wathi?

Ikakhulu sibonga Marx, le nkulumo futhi lithole ezifundwayo ezinjalo. Encwadini yakhe edumile ethi "The Critique of Philosophy Hegel sika Right", esanyatheliswa ngo-1843, isazi sefilosofi kanye vehemence eyinqaba kuye futhi sebekubeke wawuthi inkolo kuyindlela yokuthola ekusiza esintwini, ezwakalisa isifiso sabantu ukubaleka ekubusweni imvelo yabo futhi imithetho engalungile umphakathi.

Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ambalwa zefilosofi nesibindi emaphephandabeni ukuba abhale la mazwi ngenkolo. Empeleni, kwaba amahlumela wokuqala uNkulunkulu akekho esizayo ukushumayela ndawonye, ngubani athumba ezweni kuphela emashumini eminyaka kamuva.

Mhlawumbe yena enganakile kuze kube sekupheleni, yafeza lukhulu ukubhubhisa imibono Christian e Western wacabanga Marx. "Inkolo - umlaliso abantu" - le nkulumo ngomqondo wokuthi ehloselwe umshumayeli zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni, kwaba scary umuntu bayithanda kakhulu inkolo. ukubhubhisa kwakhe okubonakala emhlabeni iqiniso lokuthi siguqulwe inkolo ibe isikhungo kwezenhlalo, nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana wavala impikiswano phambi kukaNkulunkulu emhlabeni womuntu.

umsebenzi kaMarx ebangele omkhulu ukukhala umphakathi, ngakho-ke le nkulumo ngabantu bosuku inkolo zikhunjulwe.

imibhalo kukaLenin kwenkolo

Kodwa eminye kakhulu ekuqondeni kwabo inkolo waya V I. Lenin. Revolutionary, njengoba ayephethe ukuhlolwa omuhle ngendaba 'omthetho kaNkulunkulu "esikoleni esiphakeme, ngo-1905, wabhala lokhu mayelana inkolo njengoba ukucindezelwa indlela ezingokomoya okufanele ayifakiwe esimisweni sezenhlalo.

Ngakho, umlobi ukuthini inkulumo ethi "Inkolo - umlaliso abantu" (ibinzana ephelele umsindo ngokuqondile like "Inkolo - umlaliso abantu") kungenziwa kubhekwe njengento Vladimira Ilicha.

Ngemva komunye iminyaka 4, uLenin wakhuluma ngenkolo nokuningi ikakhulukazi, sekubonisiwe esihlokweni sakhe ukuthi ibinzana kaMarx kumele aqondwe njengokufaka okushiwo Marxism, esimelela lokuthi inkolo kuyindlela yokuthola enslaving abantu nezigaba zabantu ababusayo.

Ekugcineni, wathi Ostap Bender?

Ngemva KwamaBolshevik Revolution, imisebenzi Marx nabangane bakhe aye ngenkuthalo wafunda ezikoleni Soviet namanyuvesi. imishwana Abaningi baye bathola ngesikhathi esifanayo ezihlekisayo uya abantu.

Kwaba nomthelela kule nkinga nezincwadi satirical kahle leyo minyaka. Esikhathini inoveli, abalobi ababili I. Ilf and Petrov esithi "nezitulo Nambili" abasha owenza Ostap Bender ucela ngumpristi wakhe esincintisana ngokuthi singakanani azithengisayo umlaliso abantu. Lokhu inkhulumomphendvulwano emkhatsini abalingiswa ababili yabhalwa ngakho lolungenamaphutsa ukuthi opium ibinzana sekuthandwa kakhulu.

Ngakho namuhla, lapho umuntu esebenzisa ibinzana khumbulani imisebenzi Marx no Lenin, kanye inkhulumomphendvulwano emkhatsini amabili Amaqhawe le noveli yodumo.

Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi ngokuvamile, e Lenin bakhe incazelo le nkulumo akazange athathe impande emphakathini wethu. Inkolo namuhla akubhekwa njengendlela yokuthola ukudakwa. Leli akulona izidakamizwa ubudlelwane obuholela abantu kusimo zokudakwa, futhi ukuphela kosizo nokusekela abantu kusho.

Ngakho, singaphetha ngokuthi abaningi bethu bayazi kahle inkulumo ethi "Inkolo -. The umlaliso abantu washo la mazwi, akubalulekile kangako, ngoba manje le nkulumo isetshenziswe ngaphezulu umthambo ezihlekisayo. Futhi lokhu kubonakala kungeke kushintshe.