Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo wokubusa Catherine Catherine 2. Isikhathi 2

Ekaterina 2 emlandweni wonke uMbuso Russian - ke akuyona nje wababusi isimo elikhulu, kuyinto okuqinisekile, buyinto ezehlukile. Lapho kuye kwaba kwekuhlela kabusha eziningi nokunqoba. isikhathi Russia Catherine - namandla amakhulu, ukuze isicelo hegemony emhlabeni.

Yini sivamile ukuzwa uCatherine Omkhulu?

Inzala ngabongi. Mhlawumbe yingakho "ezithakazelisa kakhulu" amaqiniso mayelana Catherine 2 ezihlobene, njengoba umthetho, imininingwane ethile nefarious ukuphila kwakhe siqu, ingxenye kungazwakali, elenziwa ngezilimi okubi.

Umuntu osesilinganisweni emgwaqweni "nje uyazi" ukuthi owesifazane wayehlakaniphile kwamandla-onothando, enobudlova (lapho umuntu ayebulala, serdeshnogo), ngisho ezonakele, futhi. abathandi abaningi Catherine 2, eyokuqala wakhumbuza UGrigory Potemkin, sekuyisikhathi eside kusukela baba nesifenqo. Isibaluli wakhe, futhi kwakuba namadili okuphuza zasendle, ukudweba inhlobo Russian Empress Messalina, kodwa limane nje endabeni eqanjiwe, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi insinuations enjalo ayikho.

Inoveli futhi izintandokazi

Inoveli, yebo, yena kwadingeka babe baningi. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba nokususwa amandla uPawulu III, in the 50s esemncane kuletsa Saltykov, Guard isikhulu. Lapho 1754 wazalwa Ngokuzayo uMbusi uPawulu mina, kwakukhona amahemuhemu eziphikelelayo ukuthi uyise wayengumGreki hhayi autocrat Russian. Nokho, abukho ubufakazi salokhu.

Mangisho ukuthi Catherine 2 abathandi ngokuvamile washintsha. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu bebhapathiziwe ekuqaleni lithandana Saltykov Empress ngobumnene nobungane Poniatowski, owayezoba inkosi yakwa-Poland. Ngemva komunye uhhafu kweyishumi ekuqaleni '60s, waba lover wakhe Grigori Orlov, owagcina kwamsiza ukugumbuqela umbuso.

Yehlulekile umshado - Icebo lika

Yena nomyeni wakhe, uPetru III, ubudlelwane Catherine engazange asungule. Kuningi okuye kwabhalwa mayelana lokuthi lo mbusi Russian wayeyindoda flighty futhi kwezinsana, futhi ngokusho kwezinye izincwadi, imithombo, kwaba nezinkinga luyingxenye wezokwelapha kanye psyche. Umkakhe, akazange abheke lutho, lokho akwenza nesizathu ngokungafihli ozithandayo yakhe, Vorontsova, futhi 1762 kwezimo ngoba owakwakhe zomthetho savela autocrat indlela ukusongela yena njalo wesaba ukuxoshwa noma kuholele ekufeni.

Ingxenye kombuso, okwakwenza esizayo autocratic uMbusikazi uCatherine 2, kwaba isiteleka preemptive "noma mina naye, noma kimi" chungechunge. Mangisho ukuthi uPetru III akakujabulelanga ethandwa kakhulu. Lapho uCatherine wamemezela Empress (kwenzeka emabhalekisini Izmailovsky) Petersburg yamila kanye injabulo. Noma kunjalo, ungubani Catherine 2 kwaba ovusa: kwesithathu uhlakaniphile, ehlakaniphile, owesifazane zifundiswa ukuthi engcono ngokuhlanganiswa sobukhosi ngaphandle komyeni wakhe banengeke.

I Icebo lika ukuthi siyigubhe ukungabi kombusi, ababeyile (enkingeni yakho) e Oranienbaum. Njengoba yayazi mayelana Antics zalowo mbhangqwana, khona uPetru III ukuzama ukubonisana naye, kodwa kubhakwa Catherine 2, futhi engafuni ukucabanga mayelana nezingxoxo. Inkosi waphoqeleka ukuba asuke esihlalweni sobukhosi - futhi izolo Prussian Princess UZandile Augusta Frederica baba nelungelo yedwa kuze zwe elikhulukazi.

ukunakekelwa ohlakaniphile

Nokho, kunengqondo neze ukukhuluma amandla aphelele: uCatherine waphoqeleka ukuba uqhubeke ngokuqapha, nge iso imvelo. Ukuphela uzama ukuphila bebodwa, kungekho muntu okholwayo yena wayezibonele ngawakhe ukuthi kwenzeke kanjani, lokhu kungenzeka futhi ushiye.

Empress ngokuphelele abamfunanga ukuxabana nanoma ubani, futhi uma sibheka amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Catherine 2, yenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ukubalula ukuthi kunoma ezithandwa zakhe yena baxabana amashidi ezintathu. Lapho-ke abawaxoshanga izintandokazi izolo sika, awuzange ngaphansi kuyihlazo ezikhulunywayo. isitayela wakhe wokuxhumana izakhamuzi bengayi umxhwele: iNdlovukazi kwakubonisa ikhono lokungacasuli, ukungaguquguquki, lungisa interlocutor.

imvelo brilliant

Kuthiwa inkosi owenza suite. Kule ngombono, alinganayo Catherine 2 ababusi abakaze baye Russia. Kufana akekho omunye owayazi ukuthi bayakwazisa ikhono zabantu emhlabeni wakhe. Hhayi ize phakathi nokubusa Catherine 2 kwaphawulwa ukuvela eziningi abavelele abaqavile emphakathini. Ngempela umuntu unekhono Empress akwazi ukuthethelela eziningi.

Isibonelo okuphawuleka ubuhlobo bakhe langa Aleksandrom Vasilevichem Suvorovym, ngubani, njengoba sazi, amazwi akhe musa ngakuphi futhi ngomqondo, kwaba nonconformist kunalokho bahilizisane. Ngokwazi iNdlovukazi wakwazi ukukhuluma ulimi olufanayo ukanye nezikhonzi zakhe ezinkulu, ekubonisa singesihambelanayo emfushane eyalandela ngemva bamba okunqobayo kwezindaba umlawuli edume waseWarsaw. Lucky winner, sumnyashesya isibhakabhaka, wabhalela lady bakhe: "Hurray! Warsaw wethu "- futhi ngathola impendulo ngokulinganayo laconic:" Hurray! Field Marshal Suvorov! "

Ubudala Ukukhanyiselwa futhi serfdom

Ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ufunde mayelana ukuthi yonke imizamo ezemfundo Catherine, senzo sakhe nge uVoltaire nezinye izinto ovulekile hhayi ningi than Bluff. Lokho eqinisweni uye waba negalelo nasekuqiniseni serfdom, ekugcineni ababagqilazayo abalimi ngeshwa kakade. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi iphuzu okunjalo umbono sivumelekile, ngoba evikela "umsolwa" bathi amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo kakhulu Catherine 2. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye kanye nemizana yalo engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili bavele kumephu yeRussia, kanye labantu liye landa ngamaphesenti yesithathu (phezu 10 million).

Ngo zomlando Catherine wabonisa ukucabanga eminingi on isihloko ukuqedwa serfdom, le embodiments ezihlukahlukene lokhu kabusha, kodwa akwenzekanga lokho.

Ikhumbula izithakazelo

Ngaphambi elahla Empress, kufanele, kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi "ezintsha" enjalo cishe kuphikiswane nayo enkulu phakathi kwabanikazi bamazwe isiRashiya, futhi ukuxabana nezicukuthwane enamandla Empress engafuni, ngoba amandla babusekelwe ukusekela kwabo uzama waphinda ukungabacasuli zabo izakhamuzi abanethonya futhi wakuthola.

wokubusa Catherine ngenkathi 2 awulona ize ngokuthi "inkathi yokuchuma izikhulu": Grand Empress wakhipha izinhlamvu izikhulu patent, Uvikela amalungelo ekilasini, futhi aphathe ngokuthi "abangaphansi" yabo ngokucophelela futhi ngobuhlakani. It is, eyaziwa isibonelo, ukuthi iNdlovukazi wayesheshe ahluthuke kakhulu, kodwa uye wafunda ukunqanda uthando lwakhe futhi wayengakaze kuthathwe isinqumo ngokuphamazela, elinde ulaka zizodamba.

Mhlawumbe izindlu kuphela enethonya izisulu Catherine, kwaba abefundisi bama-Orthodox. Empress kahle "kutshengisa ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezinyakaziswayo" yokuhlala ongcwele ezweni intela futhi idluliselwe Isigodlo serfs e isimo isimo (ngaleyo ndlela, njengoba kukholelwa kanjalo ngokuvamile, kakhulu lula iqhaza zabo, okuyinto abantu abayizigidi ezingu-akukho esingaphansi kwezinsuku ezimbili).

Izimpumelelo kanye impumelelo

inqubomgomo Humanitarian ezikhathini Catherine 2 elapha ibhola (ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela ezingeni yentuthuko yomthetho wemvelo emhlabeni wonke). Lokhu kufakazelwa okungenani yokuthi ngesikhathi sonke isikhathi sokubusa kwakhe kwaba umuntu oyedwa kuphela wabulawa. Kodwa kwakukhona neze ubani ngeke senqabe ukuqonda autocrat isiRashiya, ngoba sasiwumsebenzi singajabuli Emelyan Pugachev, wathi yena "owasinda isimangaliso" uMbusi uPetru III noCatherine ukuletha Keg igcwele ukuyaluza ngesimo emikhulu ongumlimi kuvukela. Yini-lokho, futhi amandla iNdlovukazi wayecabanga ukuthi ngeke ukwabelana.

Lathi izwe lakhe ngokuhlakanipha ngangokunokwenzeka, njalo ukukhathazeka mayelana lalichumile, eqinisa isikhundla Russian enkundleni yomhlaba. Ngo umusa lokhu mqondo, bathi ngamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo mayelana Catherine 2, ngoba isibalo amabhizinisi zezimboni sibonga kabusha yayo kabili ukuze Empire wajoyina eCrimea, impumelelo enkulu osekuzuziwe eCaucasus. Inqubomgomo angaphandle iNdlovukazi beyisikhubekiso, okuyinto unnerved kakhulu abanye kwemibuso yaseYurophu.

I-Milestone

Yonke umsebenzi lalona wesifazane omkhulu uthi wayeqondiswa ngokuyinhloko ngokuhlakanipha - elincomekayo kakhulu, nezimo, elingenalo ubandlululo. Indlela Amathrendi eqinile futhi evulekile fresh ukuthi singobani Catherine 2, ikhombisa umlando yokugoma ngokumelene ingxibongo, lapho iNdlovukazi wenza yena nendodana yakhe (indlalifa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, bangeniswe esihlalweni). Kwaba benze isenzo sesibindi ngempela, okuyinto isibe omunye izinyathelo maqondana ekubhujisweni ingqikithi isifo esibi, sika emadolobheni kanye lonke.

isizathu esikhethekile sokuba kukhulunywe ufanelwe ukubekezelelana Empress futhi zenkolo: uma kungenziwanga bezingelwa bezinye izinkolo, amaBuddha futhi sibonge ngisho Bawumemezela-ke omunye zokubonisa White Tara (noma yini ukuthi indlela).

Ngakho, ukuzandisa Imininingwane okunamafutha mayelana Catherine 2, abalobi insinuations ezingcolile zibonisa ukungazi kwabo kuphela. Okwesikhathi yayo, futhi nangempela sasinjalo umbusi omkhulu, wenza okuningi ku-Russia. Kutfolakala ezimbi azenzile elingenakuphikwa futhi - kuthiwa ihaba kakhulu.