UGrigory Potemkin: Biography futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo zokuphila

Esikhathini emlandweni wezwe lakithi sintula ubuntu banengeke, zengqondo okuhlalayo impikiswano kuze kube yilolu suku. Ukuze labo ukukhathazeka, futhi UGrigory Potemkin. Ngesikhathi ngegama lomuntu inhlangano yokuqala ezenzeka Russian isilinganiso kukhona "Potemkin nemizana". It is ngokuvamile ukuthi kuyinto yinye grand farce zomlando futhi ebukisa ukuthi uGregory "Splurge" iNdlovukazi Catherine futhi izivakashi sakhe kulelo zwe. Nawa nje abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi kuyini, uma sikubeka kahle, hhayi ngokuphelele iqiniso.

Lokhu kufakazelwa okungenani yokuthi abantu bezinye izizwe, ubani ngalezo zinsuku kwadingeka umbono ongaphakeme wezwe lakithi, wavuma ukuthi UGrigory Potemkin engenzela yonke into okusha Russia nase eCrimea, ngaphezu kwanoma ubani omunye. Futhi akukho ukubhuqa ngamagama yabo yayingaxhomekile: ziyathanda ngempela ongezansi ngenxa esikalini umsebenzi nemizamo esihambisana intandokazi iNdlovukazi. Naphezu isifiso sakhe ezintweni zokunethezeka nezinye izakhi "impilo enhle", lo muntu ngakwazi ukusebenza futhi wakwenza lolungenamaphutsa!

impikiswano zomlando

Umlando - "inkosikazi" ezingezwakali nangendlela engenabulungisa. Cabanga nje ngalokhu: i kaPhiru esifanayo, umkhuzi abanamakhono futhi ehlakaniphile, wahlala ezisenkumbulweni yesizukulwane kuphela umlawuli njengoba angenandaba, "enezinto inyama isitha." Futhi akukho akakhumbuli ukuthi Pierre yena waba umbono ongaphakeme wabo iwine ukunqoba. Futhi UGrigory Potemkin. Naphezu kwazo zonke izenzo zakhe, ukuze kudunyiswe Russia, sicabanga ngakho kuphela amahlaya ribald.

Ngokushesha recollected indaba yakhe Catherine, ukuhalela eningi ezintweni zokunethezeka nazo zonke zomzana ofanayo ill-fated ... Eqinisweni, uGregory omunye wabagqugquzeli abanamakhono esiningi saleso sikhathi umsebenzi nge sipho ukwamukeleka ngaphandle kokungatshazwa futhi amakhono kwakarhulumende. Uma sikubeka kalula, umuntu anguye enkulu ngempela. Kunzima, ne nezimfanelo ezingavamile zomunye yabo, kodwa amaphutha ayo Uyi ukuqhubeka esinengqondo sinesisindo sakhe undoubted. Ngakho noma ongayithandi mayelana ulimi lwesibili izazi-mlando, lesikhumbuzo Grigoriyu Potemkinu wavuswa dedengu? Cha, yebo. Prince futhi kufanele ngempela zonke accolades yayo futhi zobungoma. Ukuze ubone lokhu, thina nje badinga ukwazi mlando ezinkulu yomlando wakhe.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Yazalwa ngo- sifundazwe Smolensk. Indawo yokuzalwa - edolobhaneni Chizhov. Lokhu kwenzeka 13 (24) ngo-September 1739. Ubaba wabo kwakungu-Aleksandr vasilevich Potomkin, enkulu umhlalaphansi. uhlamvu waso kwakuyindishi, njengoba manje wesiko uthi, "awukho ushukela". Yilokho ngempela lokho kungcono ngoba indodana yehlelwa, ngakho-ke lishaya, okwakuwuphawu umphumela engokwemvelo ulaka, kanye ukuqalekela isiphuzo. Ngenhlanhla uGregory, baqhubeka bonke lena kuphela kuze iminyaka eyisikhombisa, bese uyise washona.

Umama, u-Daria V, wazama kanzima ukuze aphephise indodana yakhe ithonya elibi uyise njalo ngaye ukungena, kungani kwaba ngokuphindaphindiwe kancane. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ngemva kokufa kuka-Alexander Vasilyevich wonke umndeni wabubula impumuzo. Potemkin wathutha eMoscow, futhi ngezindlela eziningi lokhu kwakubangelwa isifiso sethu sokunikela imfundo engcono Gregory. Nalapha futhi, ngenxa ubunjalo isifiso womfana akuyona wagcwalisa ngempela. Nokho, bakutshele konke ukuze.

umfundi

Kusukela esemncane kakhulu UGrigory Potemkin has a uhlamvu eyinqaba kakhulu: ukuthi waya ngokoqobo iza embonweni eyithandayo futhi wayekwazi asebenza kuwo cishe ubusuku nemini, kodwa ngokushesha nje kuye futhi lakhula abandayo. Nokho, iningi yezinto abazenzayo, wayesaqhubeka igcwaliswe. Ikakhulukazi, I wazikhandla ukuze siphumelele. Kwakungekhona ngeze - ku 1755 waba umfundi eMoscow University, futhi nje konyaka Gregory abasha ngithola indondo yegolide "Ukuze impumelelo ezifundweni zabo."

Ngalezo zinsuku kwaba ngempela i ukuqashelwa oluvelele sokunconywa. Yonke into ikhomba yokuthi uhlu izinkanyiso isayensi Russian maduzane ngeke ufake igama elisha. Noma it were ngempela kunjalo, akungabazeki, Potemkin wayengamnika ube usosayensi oluvelele. Kwazi bani, mhlawumbe silahlekelwe omunye University ...

Ngemva konyaka kuyo iqembu 12 abafundi engcono ethulwa Elizabeth. Yilokho nje bonke okungahambanga kahle ... emva kweminyaka emithathu kuphela zingaxoshwa yakhe "ubuvila, izimfundiso zobu." Futhi ukuzonda ngesizathu esihle. Phela, yenza ukuba bonke ezazidingeka ukuze ube inkanyiso yesayensi. Ngaso nje kulokhu eseduze kwakungelona umeluleki olulodwa ababenedumela elihle ababekhulekela sesichaza iphutha yezenzo zakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Gregory wazibonisa indodana imodeli: Ekhumbula ukuhlupheka unina, okuyinto kwabacasula ukuxoshwa kwakhe, kamuva akhishwe a osesikhundleni esiphakeme uyiNkosikazi ngenxa yakhe. Nokho, nakuba lesi kungase kungabi umbuzo. "Ingakuvumeli ukucabangela nokuqhwandela" Young esabalindele ibutho State Russian.

Ukufuna ukuvelela ezimnandi lezimanga

Zonke ababephila ngesikhathi wathi omunye bokwenza eyinhloko Potemkin Wayeziqhenya, ngezinye izikhathi kuphenduke i kuyize evulekile kanye nokuzidla. Nokho, kwakungekhona ngempela into embi: ngomoya ophansi wathola ukuxoshwa kwakhe, masinyane wanquma usuzothatha endleleni yezempi. Ngaleso sikhathi kwase uhlobo Analogue of emnyango wezempi, futhi ngoba abafundi izolo BakaJehova sebetholile kakade ngokomthetho kuye ngajoyina ibutho wathatha inkonzo yezempi asebenzayo. Kwakuyisikhathi isisusa esihle umsebenzi okunye!

Ngakho, ngo-1761, uye aphethwe elisezingeni usayitsheni, kuyilapho nawe ungalushayi ukukhonza ngosuku olulodwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-owayengumfundi kuziwa Petersburg uku ibutho. Ukubukeka kwaso umxhwele kangangokuba ngokushesha wenza ngendlela ehlelekile Field Marshal Georga Lyudviga (UMbusi Schleswig-Holstein).

bozungu

Naphezu amukelwe khona ngemfudumalo wezempi, uGregory harbored kungekho imizwa thandanani ngobala engumashiqela umlawuli wakhe, uPeter III, yena owayesevele wakwazi lona ngobuningi bazithela ngegazi amasosha Russian, Thixo wakhe uFrederick. Futhi ukuthi labhuntsha ngokugcwele: ibutho isimo Russian ukuthethelela ukungathembeki okunjalo nje bahluleka. Akumangalisi ukuthi Potemkin ijoyina kalula kwababusi bakhi. Usuku kombuso, Juni 28, 1762, kwaba inkathi yoshintsho isiphetho hhayi kuphela eRussia, kodwa futhi we phoyisa. ngokushesha uCatherine II wayethanda handsome handsome.

Ngokungafani "nozakwethu" yabo ngesakhiwo, okuyinto ezikhiqizwa kuphela Cornet, lomholi esizayo uma eseqokiwe uLieutenant yesibili. Ngokujwayelekile, kuyafana uma namuhla uSergeant usuku yaba. It is leli qiniso liye wagxeka-mlando, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngelinye ilanga uthola eziningi izitha. Nakuba, Earl ikusasa lutho olubi akaboni, ngoba kuyize yakhe etotoswa kusukela eqaphela wedwa yayo.

Ephelelwe ithemba nesibindi

Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi, Potemkin ayikwazanga dream of a umusa ngaphezulu iNdlovukazi. Iqiniso lokuthi kwaba intandokazi Ukubala Orlov, uzokwazi kweyengane naye. Naphezu silethwe inkonzo timphawu kanye nemiklomelo, uGregory kancane kancane zaqala ukuhluma abandayo ukuze umsebenzi wakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakunebandla cishe ngesenzakalo emangalisayo: Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich cishe baba indela! Wayefanele eside izingxoxo zenkolo nge izikhonzi isonto, ngibashaye ngolwazi lwakhe, futhi balungiselela sina ngoba izithembiso. Kodwa ke elandelayo impi Russian-Turkish.

"Babengafundile, kodwa kakhulu abanesibindi"

Ngo-1769, i-uMajor General abasha (yiminyaka emakhulu asithoba !!!) ulwa njengesisebenzi sokuzithandela. nemvelo yakhe esebenzayo nje wayengeke aliyeke leli thuba elihle kangaka azibonakalise. Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa abalandeli abaqotho futhi abanenzondo Potemkin wathi into efanayo: "Indlela jikelele ke - endaweni engenalutho, kodwa kakhulu nesibindi zingakulahlekeli isibindi empini."

Manjalo lagibela izindawo lapho kwaba ukwenza ncamashi lutho, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo abachitha abantu, kodwa walwa nabo side by side futhi ungalokothi ukufihla ngemuva amasosha. Potemkin ezimpini cishe lonke izwe izimpi.

Yiqiniso, kukhona umbono wokuthi Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich (kungenzeka) kangaka iqhawe wayengekho, udumo lwakhe - umphumela imibiko laudatory igama Catherine. Nakuba lokhu kubonakala kungeke: isibindi sakhe ukuthi ngisho isitha esibi kunazo. Yiqiniso, lokhu akusho ulungisisa ukulahlekelwa okungadingekile futhi ngokuvamile oyisiphukuphuku.

ozithandayo

Ngo-1774, Potemkin kuziwa inkantolo emaphikweni enkazimulweni. Eagles ngo sikhathi isivele chilo ngoba inkantolo ngokushesha kukhona ozithandayo esisha uCatherine. Gregory ngokushesha uthola isihloko count elisezingeni Jikelele-in-Chief.

Izazi-mlando namanje phikisana kude kangakanani ubuhlobo Potemkin noCatherine. Kukhona inguqulo ngisho indodakazi Elizabeth ebuhlotsheni babo.

Kusolakala intombazane wayiswa imfundo we izihlobo abaseduze igrafu okudalwe kabusha. Igama lakhe kwakungu Temkin, njengoba isiko leyo minyaka wathi, ukuthi asizalwanga ngokuphinga kufanele inikwe igama likayise, ukuthatha kude yokugcina ilunga lokuqala. Kodwa abazali bakhe UGrigory Potemkin noCatherine?

"Saba khona yini umfana? .."

Esikhathini Tretyakov Igalari has a portrait lalona wesifazane, ukuze ukhona kungekho ngxabano. Uyise sanamuhla uGregory, kodwa uma yena ungunina Catherine? Iqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi kokuzalwa Elizabeth wayesenguFakazi engu-45 ubudala, ngisho lesi sikhathi asifanele ukubeletha amaningi, ngisho ngalezo zinsuku kwaba into eyayingenziwa neze. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa leyo minyaka isilinganiso Potemkin noCatherine kwakungamadodana ezinokwethenjelwa kunazo.

Lapha Ngingathanda ukwenza omunye akanhlanhlatsi. Ngesikhathi Empress ekuphileni kwakhe kwaba eningi izintandokazi izimfihlo. Kodwa wonke amalungu omndeni, ngalahlekelwa emseni umbusi ke wangena umthunzi, futhi kakade enza lulodwa wakhumbuza. Potemkin, ngisho kuyasuswa kusukela inkantolo, namanje wadlala indima enkulu kuhulumeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho ngokungafanele omahlulelayo kuphela ngokombono a courtier abanamakhono.

Ukwakhiwa Kabusha Russia

Ngo 1776, i-protege ka iNdlovukazi wathola umsebenzi obalulekile esizweni: ukwenza ilungiselelo okusha Russia, Azov, nezinye ezweni ngalezo izingxenye. Cishe zonke uyavuma ukuthi Prince UGrigory Potemkin Tauride ufinyelelwe kulo mkhakha impumelelo Amazing. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi akwenzele eningizimu ezweni lethu ezingaphezu kuka Peter mina ku Northern Territory (debatable, njengoba uPetru kwadingeka basebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu). Wasungula emadolobheni nase madolobhaneni amaningi, lapho nje izolo ishanelwe amayunithi labantu abayimizulane, njalo kwakungekho lutho kodwa isihlahla asemaqeleni utshani.

Nokho, wayesho njalo ecabanga ubukhulu yezwe labo, ukuchamisela izinhlelo ukuqedela nokucindezela Turkey kanye nokubuyiselwa eMbusweni WaseByzantium ubudala lapho sekubusa enye inzalo ka uCatherine II. Isu akazange ukusebenza, kodwa liveza umqondo kanye nokudliwa eCrimea seyenziwe ngokugcwele. Kube aqhubeka khona nomsebenzi wakhe ekuqiniseni imingcele waseRussia, ekusungulweni umuzi inqaba. Ikakhulukazi, nguye wabeka emzini Kherson, Odessa nabanye.

Ize okunethezeka

Ngeke kube engadingekile ukusho ukuthi ukunxanela eningi ezintweni zokunethezeka Duke wayengubani ngempela nesifenqo. Ikakhulukazi, isigqoko sakhe sasinzima nokunye imihlobiso nemihlobiso ukuthi kwadingeka ngezingalo zakhe ukuba baphathe ehlelekile. Ngisho okwamanje lapho Catherine yena kanye nezivakashi zakhe ayethanda predstavat emphakathini elula ukuzingela jacket, Potemkin wasigcwalisa yena, kungamangalisa bonke ababekhona ayebuthaka igolide namadayimane. Le nkinga efanayo okwabonakala imiklamo yokwakha Potemkin: kwedolobha elifanayo Kherson ekuqaleni wakhulelwa ngezinga elingaka ukuthi ngisho eMoscow yesimanje ayengakwenza + okuthile ukumfela umona. Ngo umkhuba, akakwazi ukuba uqaphele okweshumi uhlelo.

"Uthuli emehlweni," noma ukubhekana namaqiniso?

Ngo 1787, uCatherine isinqumo ukuhlonipha ukunaka kwakhe eCrimea. Potemkin, yena owayesevele wathola isikhundla njengoba Field Marshal, wayengeke aliyeke ithuba ophumelela kangaka futhi ngizikhumbuze. Ngakho ukuthi "Potemkin dolobhana", nakuba hhayi ngesimo zazo sikhulume namuhla, ngempela. Kwaphinda - base ngempela ngempela, abalimi baphila ngempela unaphakade kulezi nemizana, kodwa ngaphandle ezizungeze ezifanele futhi ugweme izinto eziphambili ezingadingekile Gregory ngokusobala bahluleka. Yingakho, futhi kwaba nezingxoxo mayelana farce futhi 'kokungekhona okungokoqobo' esabonwa Catherine futhi izivakashi sakhe kulelo zwe.

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa ngesikhathi ekhululwa uhambela iNdlovukazi eCrimea idale "inkampani yase-Amazon," elikhethekile lapho kubuthwa kuphela kusukela amantombazane wegazi zasebukhosini. Ngokwemvelo, ngemva Ukuhamba Catherine ke yahlakazeka, njengoba Potemkin waqonda kahle ubuze eliphelele ukwakheka wezempi enjalo ku impi yangempela. Zonke isihloko esifanayo, "Field Marshal," wayengeyena nje ngenxa uzwela iNdlovukazi. Nakuba zonke ukuqaphela ukuthi ivolumu umsebenzi owawenziwa intandokazi iNdlovukazi, eyisimanga, kulula kanjalo ukumthethelela ukunxanela olungevinjwe okunethezeka nobukhazikhazi.

Emihle nemibi

A kweshumi enkulu nempahla amabili amancane okuhleliwe kube nendumezulu fireworks isibonisi, okuyinto isibe Apotheosis ngokuvakasha Catherine kulesi siqhingi. Lokhu iqembu, eyabonakala ngasogwini eCrimea aphume air elincanyana, ikakhulukazi kwashaqisa abantu bezinye izizwe, owayevame iNdlovukazi.

Abantu besikhathi Abaningi futhi izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi izinga ukwakhiwa wale mikhumbi kwaba "umoya ethatha". Yebo, kuyiqiniso, kodwa phakathi nempi ezayo nge Turkey, le mikhumbi baye bafeza indima ebalulekile, naphezu kwakho konke amaphutha ayo. Kwaba ngemva kwalokhu Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich, ogama biography is okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko, ngokusemthethweni wathola isihloko "Tauride" esisho impumelelo yayo enkulu kakhulu ekuthuthukeni mazwe amasha.

Esinye isici negative bobuntu bakhe kwaba ukungakwazi ukuthola kanye nabanye obukhulu kubantu Russian. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Potemkin Suvorov kabaze baba lakho ukuma, umphathi ahlonishwe waphendula elifanayo khukhumala njengoba obala wazonda nakokuyize. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe ukuba wayeseqonde eyaziwa ukuthi UGrigory Potemkin ngokuvamile ivela ngaphakathi kuye iminikelo zakhe PATH ensimini.

Nakuba kwakunabamemezeli Suvorov isizathu ukuhlonipha ababeshisekela bakhe: sibonga Potemkin ibutho Russian ekugcineni besusa ifa okungenangqondo Prussian ngesimo iwigi, curls futhi kwamagoda, okwakwenza yokugqoka nsuku zonke kuba lula nokuningi practical. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu umsebenzi onzima kwesesosha. Ekugcineni, uma uye waba nezinguquko empi Russian nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo, njengoba kuye kwafeza lukhulu sokuthuthukisa lolu hlobo amabutho. Lo msebenzi yathela izithelo 1812, lapho kwaba mabutho yaba isikhungo esiyinhloko yesiteleka amandla ngokumelene namabutho ahlaselayo of Napoleon.

Futhi, umlawuli omkhulu wavuma ukuthi Potemkin - umhleli omkhulu ngaphambili langemuva. Ngaphansi nebutho lakhe babengamazi zezinkinga kwezidingo ngesikhathi esifanele zosizo, izikhali kanye konke okudingekile. Ngakho Prince UGrigory Potemkin ewuthanda inhlonipho ngisho izitha zakhe (okuyinto ahlala kuphela ngenxa nokulwela ngokuziphakamisa ezinye).

Itshe Eliyigugu nokususwa

Umsebenzi courtier - into enhle. Ngafunda lokhu futhi iqhawe lethu, uma zivulwa enkantolo ayesesha esondela eduze kwaleli abasha uPlato Zurabov. Le ndoda yayihlale hhayi kuphela abasebasha Potemkin, kodwa kwakungekho umhleli ngaphansi onekhono. Izinsuku izintandokazi ezindala zase zibaliwe. Zurabov akafunanga sibekezelele khona njalo i imbangi ubudala, ngakhoke wathi ufuna ukungenzela isuswe. Ngo-1791, waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye Petersburg.

okunethezeka Kugcine

Kakade ngoJanuwari, kuziwa emuva, abuye enye impi Turkish. Ezinyangeni ezine zilandelana le Tauride Palace , omunye ngemva komunye banikezwa emikhosini emangalisayo okuphuma phambili, okuyinto Potemkin wayesaphaze ruble ayizigidi 850. Ngalezo zinsuku kwaba ingqikithi. Konke lokhu kuphela waphishekela umgomo othile - ukubuyisela umusa ka Catherine, kodwa isinqumo sakhe hhayi esebohlile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngisho Zurabov bakuqaphela undesirability Potemkin ukususwa kusuka nezindaba zomphakathi, ukuze isikhulu ukuguga nje waveza ukuthi khona kwakhe okuqhubekayo Petersburg kuyinto engathandeki.

Ubizwa bahileleke izingxoxo ne abaseTurkey ukuthula. Kodwa kwakumane nje isikrini: ubuze sikhathi Gregory kwadingeka isevisi embi, wamane wahluleka basinde ngokwahlukana yayo kusukela uCatherine. Sagcina, wayegula kakhulu, kodwa noma kunjalo wazama iqhaza nezindaba zomphakathi. Russia, ngekhulu le-18 ngoba owawungumnyaka usadlondlobele Yenguquko, futhi ngokushesha angalahlekelwa amalungu omunye esibi kakhulu futhi impikiswano zamadodana akhe.

usuku lokugcina

Okthoba 5, 1791 Prince wagula khona kanye ukuthutha, elandela kusukela Iasi ukuze Nikolaev. Akwaziwa ukuba amazwi akhe okugcina. Wayala ukuthutha ukuyeka, futhi wathi: "Yilokho kuphela, akukho la ukuya, Ngiyafa! Take Me aphume ikalishi, ngize ngifise nokufa enkundleni, "ephelezelwa retinue ngokucophelela elihunyushwe inkosi yayo ekwindla ensimini !. Nokho, kusasele imizuzu embalwa kamuva isikhulu wayesehambile. Wembelwa e-Kherson inqaba, Cathedral of St Catherine (elakhiwa ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe).

Ngakho wafa Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Potemkin (1739-1791 GG.). Lo muntu kuyadida washiya uphawu ngokujulile emlandweni wezwe lakithi, futhi ngenxa yendima yayo ukukhohlwa noma kunjalo engenakwenzeka. Ngokuqinisekile kwakuyoba ezahlukene ngaphandle kwakhe.