Inombolo theory: theory kanye umkhuba

Kukhona izincazelo eziningi igama elithi "inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela izinombolo." Omunye wabo uthi igatsha ekhethekile wezibalo (izibalo noma ngaphezulu), okuyinto uhlola ngokuningiliziwe yonke izinombolo nezinto ezifanayo kuzo.

Enye incazelo icacisa ukuthi lokhu legatsha wezibalo ukutadisha izakhiwo izinombolo nokuziphatha kwabo etimeni letehlukene.

Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi imfundiso inkulu ukuze unikeze incazelo eqondile akunakwenzeka, futhi nje behlukanisa ku kancane ivolumu mbono.

Setha efanele uma umsuka imfundiso yokuziphendukela izinombolo, akunakwenzeka. Nokho, ngaphambi nje efakwe: namuhla omdala, kodwa hhayi dokhumenti kuphela libonisa ukuthi isithakazelo kuyinkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela izinombolo lasendulo, ucezu elincane isitini 1800s BC. It - eziningana okuthiwa kathathu Pythagorean (izinombolo zemvelo), eziningi zazo ziqukethe zimpawu ezinhlanu. Inani elikhulu of kathathu akufaki Ukukhetha yabo mechanical. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi isithakazelo ngokusobala imfundiso yokuziphendukela izinombolo kwavela kuneNingizimu ososayensi ekuqaleni wacabanga.

Abadlali esivelele kunazo zonke ukuthuthukiswa Umbono wokuthi Pythagoreans kubhekwe Euclid futhi Diophantus, owayehlala Ephakathi amaNdiya iWindows, Brahmagupta futhi Bhaskara, ngisho kamuva - Fermat, Euler, Lagrange.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili inombolo mbono uye yabakhanga ezifana geniuses zezibalo njengoba A. N. Korkin, E. I. Zolotarov, A. A. Markov, B. N. Delone, DK Faddeev, I. M. Vinogradov, G .Veyl Selberg.

Ukuthuthukisa futhi ushona izibalo kanye izifundo zezibalo lasendulo, aletha theory kumuntu, ezingeni elisha kakhulu kunalokhu, esehlanganise izindawo eziningi. Ezijulile ucwaningo kanye search for ubufakazi obusha futhi kwaholela ekutholakaleni izinkinga ezintsha, ezinye zazo ezingazange wafunda kuze kube manje. Hlala evulekile: hypothesis Artin ka primes ngokungenamkhawulo eziningi, umbuzo we isibalo esingapheliyo primes, neminye eminingi.

Njengamanje izingxenye eziyinhloko, okuyinto zihlukaniswe inombolo theory, imfundiso yilezi: aphansi, inani elikhulu izinombolo okungahleliwe, kohlaziyo, we-Aljibhra.

inombolo Elementary theory iphatha ekutadisheni integers, ngaphandle drawing amasu kanye imiqondo kusuka kwamanye amagatsha wezibalo. Fibonacci izinombolo, ezincane theorem zokugcina Fermat sika, - lawa ezivamile, owaziwa ngisho imiqondo zesikole kusukela lo mbono.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela izinombolo ezinkulu (noma umthetho izinombolo ezinkulu) - esigatshaneni okungenzeka theory, ufuna ukubonisa ukuthi arithmetic Incazelo (kwenye - isilinganiso isithupha) isampula enkulu eduze ukulindela (olubizwa nangokuthi isilinganiso theory) isampula ngaphansi kombandela yokusabalalisa isilungisiwe.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela izinombolo okungahleliwe, uhlukanisa zonke izenzakalo engaqinisekile, deterministic futhi okungahleliwe, bazama ukuthola amathuba kwenzeke oluyinkimbinkimbi elula. Lesi sigaba kuhlanganisa izakhiwo yokungase kwenzeke okunemibandela kanye ukubuyabuyelela yabo theorem, Theorem imicabango (owayevame ukubizwa ngokuthi ifomula Bayes ') nokunye.

inombolo Analytic ithiyori, njengoba kusobala igama layo, isifundo ngobuningi zezibalo kanye izakhiwo zezinombolo yezindlela namasu sokuhlaziya zezibalo. Omunye izinkomba esemqoka yalolu ithiyori - ubufakazi (usebenzisa ukuhlaziywa eziyinkimbinkimbi) ku ukusatshalaliswa izinombolo eziyinhloko.

Algebra Awomhlahlandlela Wolwazi nezinombolo analogue yabo (isib izinombolo algebraic) isebenza ngqo, study theory isihlukanisi iqembu cohomology umsebenzi Dirichlet njll

Ukubukeka kanye nokuthuthukiswa lo mbono kwaholela imizamo eminyaka ubudala ukufakazela theorem Fermat sika.

Kuze zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, imfundiso yokuziphendukela izinombolo kwakubhekwa njengesenzo isayensi abstract, "ubuciko okumsulwa wezibalo", hhayi kokuba nhlobo ngokoqobo noma utilitarian. Namuhla, isetshenziswa kathisha Izivumelwano cryptographic, e kubalwa trajectories satellites nesikhala iphenya, izinhlelo. Ezomnotho, ezezimali, computer science, yokuma komhlaba - zonke lezi sciences namuhla awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela imfundiso yokuziphendukela izinombolo.