Inkulumo: Inkulumo izakhiwo. ulimi etemlomo nalabhalwako

It ihlukaniswe yaba ezimbili eziyinhloko aphikisanayo nomunye, futhi ngezindlela ezithile uhlobo ifaniswe. Kuyinto temlomo na zolimi olubhalwayo. They valekile ekuthuthukisweni kwalo ngokomlando, ngakho ukuthola izimiso ezahlukene izinsiza zolimi. amathuluzi Obscheliteraturnogo ngolimi ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezifana nolimi etemlomo nalabhalwako isisekelo ukwakheka kanye nokusebenza uchungechunge lahlotshaniswa. Decoupling yabo incwadi ebhalwe namanxusa abakhuluma ngomlomo asetshenziswa onazo ekilasini yayo, futhi okuphambene lalilifunda ukulinganiselwa ezithile.

inkulumo orality

Orality iyisici main ekuhlanganiseni zinhlobo ezahlukene, okuyinto zihlukaniswe ashiwo nje ngomlomo. ukubhala izakhiwo edayiswa izinhlobonhlobo izincwadi futhi uhlobo ebhaliwe. Yiqiniso, ukuma akuyona kuphela into wobunye esaba. Kodwa ngesitayela temlomo na okuxoxa ingabe inquma ukwakheka kanye nokusebenza izindlela eziqondile mayelana nezilimi, ezahlukene kusukela inkhulumo lebhalwako. izakhiwo Inkulumo ezihlobene ubunjalo isizukulwane yayo. Ake sicabangele ke kabanzi.

Umehluko esizukulwaneni yokukhuluma nokubhala

Umehluko kusekelwe izinhlobo ezijulile umehluko psycho-bokuphila. Odokotela bengqondo wathola ukuthi izindlela isizukulwane kanye nombono wenkhulumo nalokubhaliwe azifani. Lapho isizukulwane yokuloba kukhona njalo isikhathi sokucabanga izitatimende esisemthethweni we plan, ngakho ukuthi lokuphuma phambili okumisiwe zesakhiwo okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Ngakho, ukufunda ngaso sonke isikhathi kungenzeka ukuba ayeke futhi uzindle ebhaliwe ngokujulile, ephelezelwa nakubantu balo siqu. Lokhu kuvumela kokubili ukubhala kanye umfundi ukuhumusha ulwazi olufanele kusukela inkumbulo main ukuba eside. Hhayi ukuthi ukukhuluma nokulalela. Timphawu ikhipha, ngokomlando oluyinhloko kukhulunywa. I izakhiwo yokukhuluma zinqunywa kulesi simo ngenxa yokuthi kuba emfudlaneni kuphela ekukhiqizeni yaso kungenzeka iphazanyiswe isikhulumi ngokuhambisana izinhloso zakhe ukuqeda noma umise ulwazi. Lalela izidingo e reception zabo ukulandela isikhathi ekhuluma, futhi akusiyo njalo lapho kudingeka, kungenzeka ukuba bame ezijulile ecabanga nge. Ngakho-ke izenzo ngokuyinhloko inkumbulo yesikhashana, lapho beqonda ekhuluma. Inkulumo izakhiwo Kulokhu liqukethe yokuthi kuba ngesikhathi osithandayo, eyodwa-off, ngeke kwenzeke futhi lisesimweni lezo kakade okwase kuthiwe ilethwa.

ezishintshayo

Lapho ukufunda olunye ulimi belungiselela sifundo ingalungiswa kusengaphambili umusho ngamunye, kodwa kulesi sifundo ngeke isebenze: inkinga zokukhiqiza nokuguqulwa kudinga kabusha ngendlela eshelelayo ukuba bakhiphe isabelo inkulumo. inkulumo isici ukuthi akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukulungiselela, it is akhiqizwa kakhulu ngokuzenzakalela. Uma isikhulumi kunzima ukulawula it, uzolahlekelwa izinga iletha bafunde nangendlela engokwemvelo. Control phezu kungenzeka ngokugcwele kuphela ukuqeqeshwa kancane yokukhuluma, ijubane lakhe okungesona esingokwemvelo kokukhipha uhlamvu stereotyped.

Umsindo itheksthi lebhaliwe

Ikhishwa inkulumo nokuguqulwa kufanele elinesimo amagoli okulula umbhalo olotshiwe, eyenziwa izikhulumi bomdabu, abaculi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izikhulumi. amagoli okunjalo ngeke kushintshe lutho embhalweni, futhi nakuba eneminyaka umsindo, kodwa uhlala njengoba yabhalwa. Nakuba esaziwa sici ukubhala izinkulumo, yonke impahla yayo. Kusukela orality kubonakala kuphela buviyoviyo nentaba kanye kungenzeka imiva ifonotiki. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana izakhiwo acoustic yokukhuluma imisindo ziyahlukahluka. Kuyathakazelisa ukubona E. A. Bryzgunovoy eqhathanisa umlingisi nokuveza umbhalo ofanayo: ayehlukile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokushesha nje lapho ngetemlomo Inkhulumo nto, e Kulokhu, buviyoviyo, kuphakama ukungezwani ngenxa individualization.

ubuntu

Oral exhunywe kuba njalo ngabanye. Ukuze ngokubhala le akuyona nekhwalithi isiyonke zonke izinhlobo. Kuphela umuntu inkulumo kwezobuciko futhi ngokwengxenye abayekethisayo inkulumo iphephandaba izinhlobo. isikhulumi ngasinye has ngendlela yalo ngazo ubuntu kusuka, ezenhlalo, ngisho nezici zayo ngokwengqondo eziqeqeshiwe futhi isiko elivamile. Lokhu awasebenzi kuphela olimini olukhulunywayo. EPhalamende, isibonelo, ukusebenza ngamunye MP uqokomisa ubuntu bakhe amandla engqondo, ulunika portrait nomphakathi. Oral exhunywe ngokuvamile lisho okungaphezu izilaleli kuka ulwazi oluqukethwe isitatimende, okuyiwona ukusebenza senzeka.

Izici inkulumo

Uma siphendukela izici ukuhlukana isitayela temlomo na okuxoxa, kuvela ukuthi ngaphezu esebenza encwadini okubhala uhlobo nazi kabanzi. Ezinye izakhiwo yokukhuluma evame ukubuzwa yibo bonke hlobo temlomo na okuxoxa libhekene kuye njengoba kuqhathaniswa incwadi okubhala, ukwabelana yolimi lwanamuhla Russian etemibhalo zibe izingxenye ezimbili. Abanye onengxenye ukukhethwa izinhlobonhlobo uhlobo temlomo na okuxoxa. Sibala lezi zici ezengeziwe. izakhiwo ezinjalo yokukhuluma ezibhekiswe, isimo, uhlobo izwi (ukusetshenziswa Monologue nezingxoxo).

inkulumo Ekhuluma

Ukukhuluma wayevame ukubiza, futhi ngokuqondile izilaleli ngubani ubona-ke ngesikhathi esifanayo ne ukukhiqizwa yayo nola lapha futhi manje. Zonke izinhlobo namaqhinga lobuchwepheshe like okufakiwe imisiwe bese yakhiqizwa kungenziwa bambalala, njengoba kungukuthi ophucwa isenzo main yekuchumana: iyashesha okuqonda, lapho kubalulekile isikhathi ukuvumelanisa. Nola kungaba: a) umuntu; b) ngekubambisana; c) mass.

Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu ekhuluma ngomlomo inkulumo tetemibhalo, coinciding ne umphumela nezinye izinto esigabeni yayo (zonke lezi zici, kuhlanganise ekhuluma, unidirectional), kuhileleke ekwabiweni ezintathu zama-selulwimi lolukhulunywako etemibhalo (uhlobo temlomo na okuxoxa kolimi etemibhalo): 1) temlomo-oyikhulumile; 2) i-sf ngomlomo; 3) lavela emisakazweni nakumathelevishini.

ukubhala amakheli

Akukho oqondile ekhuluma: umlamuleli phakathi nombhali umbhalo bese umfundi iphepha, futhi ikuvumela ukuba ezinqumela alibale ukufunda, okusho ukuqeda isici isikhathi wemvelo, sinikezwe izimfanelo kakhulu efanayo nespontannosti futhi esebenza ... Ngokungafani inkulumo asisebenzi othi "Izwi elikhulunywe ubuyisa esidlule." Enjalo engaqondile ekhuluma kungaba yisici sesigaba.

situationally

I izakhiwo eyisisekelo yokukhuluma futhi zihlanganisa isimo. Kuyinto esivela uhlobo olukhulunywa, lapho isimo ngeke uzwakalise ngamazwi igcwalisa umqondo, iyiphi vagueness futhi AMANGA. Ivame kubhekwa izinga okukhethekile yokukhuluma esangxoxo, kodwa empeleni, njalo itholiwe. Ibonisa, isibonelo, ukuhlaziywa inkulumo asankondlo lapho kudingeka inothi oluchaza ngoba ukuqonda okunembile kanye umuzwa omubi ekuphenduleni inkondlo. Ngokuvamile, amazwi lolu hlobo, kokunikeza wobuciko kwanoma iyiphi uhlobo, ukuvumela ekucebiseni ukuqonda futhi ukuqonda ngenjongo umlobi. Ukuze ungeze nesimo Imininingwane base appertseptsionnaya isikhulumi kanye Umlaleli, umphakathi kakhulu yolwazi nokuhlangenwe nakho. Konke lokhu kuvumela tinkhomba lwamazwi kunikeza ukuqonda shazi. Kancane libhekene nesimo nanjengeqembu ziqondiswe umbuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, uthisha wazi ukuthi izilaleli zakhe ngalokho abakwaziyo bese can, yini ezithakazelisayo. IMisa sibhekiswe imibhalo isimo akusona eyinqaba. Ngakho-ke, uba isici yokuba umtshingo ubethwa ngubani colloquially njengesizathu esinomthelela itoho esibonisa inkulumo yesayensi ngomlomo. Yiqiniso, isimo ayikwazi libhekene yiluphi uhlobo ngokubhala uhlobo.

Ukusetshenziswa inkulumo monologues netinkhulumiswano ebhaliwe

Kepha isilinganiso Monologue kanye nokuxoxisana amafomu ke lokhu impahla kanye nezinhlobo ezibhaliwe futhi ngomlomo Partitioning ulimi etemibhalo ezihlukahlukene izenzo ehlukile. Ngo uhlobo ncwadi kubhala akunandaba Partitioning isici e temlomo na olukhulunywa nakho kuyisici esibangela. Lokhu kungenxa isilinganiso ezahlukene Monologue futhi inkhulumomphendvulwano izinhlobo ebhaliwe kanye ngomlomo. Ngo uhlobo ncwadi-ukulotshwa kwencwadi yesayensi monologic inkulumo kuvamise, kodwa zingase ziqale ukubonakala engakapheli izimpawu dialogic. Nakuba lokhu angeke uvume uma banayo ke hhayi ukuqondisa, kodwa kunalokho engesobala. Ibhizinisi lubonakaliswa ukubukwa monological, kodwa olulodwa (ngokuvamile) imisho ezwakalisa i-oda, isicelo, isiqondiso, ticondziso, njll, eliqukethe causative Isenzo (kuphoqelekile) isimo, ifomu Iinhlangano abasondelene umfuziselo of inkhulumomphendvulwano. I-athikili yeliphephandzaba ngokuvamile monologic, kodwa ingaqukatha izakhi inkhulumomphendvulwano, belingisa imibuzo umfundi nezimpendulo zakhe nezinsolo, uqondise inkhulumomphendvulwano e izinhlobo ingxoxo, izincwadi abafundi, ukuphendula imibuzo, njll ukuba nekhono lokukhuluma inkhulumomphendvulwano -. Esebenzisa izinhlamvu zokuxhumana, umlobi inkulumo efanayo uya buka monological. Kodwa kukhona izinhlobo dialogic ngokugcwele. Yiqiniso, ukukhuluma mayelana nemidlalo kanye idrama njengoba ifomu art. Ngokuvamile, kuvela ukuthi njengoba factor division inkhulumomphendvulwano - Monologue ukukhuluma indistinctly, kodwa zibonisa bha i dialogicality ukwanda kwesokunxele.

Monologues netinkhulumiswano enkulumweni

Temlomo okuxoxa-uhlobo ngokuyinhloko isilinganiso ezahlukene. Okunqumayo ukuthi dialogic futhi monologic amafomu yokukhuluma, ngenxa yalokho, ube izinhlangano ezahlukene, okuyi: a Monologue - ke ingxenye ifika miyalelo, inkhulumomphendvulwano - kungcono emfushane tinkhomba ezinzima okuxoxa, ikakhulukazi i-syntax eyayivame. Yiqiniso, ngokubhala inkhulumomphendvulwano inezici yayo syntactical ngokuziqhathanisa Monologue, okuyinto isikhala amaphethini syntactic amaningi, nje ubhala ingcebo. Kodwa lapha umehluko ka dialogic kanye nohlobo monologic akusho kuhilelani umehluko obaluleke kangaka e-syntax lapho onobuhle ezithile okuxoxa phinda esikhaleni inkhulumomphendvulwano. Ngokuvamile, e ngomlomo uhlobo dialogic-okuxoxa incipha kusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesokunxele. Futhi ifinyelela ubuncane enkulumweni temlomo ngokwesayensi. Ukulingana inkhulumomphendvulwano kanye Monologue ivumela, phakathi kwezinye izici ukugqamisa division selulwimi lolukhulunywako kukhulunywa njengoba zinhlobo ehlukile, ahlukaniswe ngesisekelo umsakazo nethelevishini, kanye nesikushoyo kungabonisa yesayensi ngomlomo.