Jikelele Tsarist Dukhonin: Biography, ukufa, futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Phakathi Yombango obomvu ezihlukahlukene ngokuthi extrajudicial sentambo, ekhombisa lesi sigameko. Esemthethweni isigwebo sentambo linjengezwi "Cibishela!". Kodwa kwakukhona abanye bamukela imishwana enjengethi ngasese "Thumela nokuphila kwangemva kokufa." Ekwindla ka-1917 kwakukhona inkulumo ethi "Thumela e endlunkulu Jikelele Dukhonin". Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani owayenguyise jikelele kakhulu, indlunkulu okuyinto amaBolshevik wathumela izisulu zabo.

portrait zomlando

Ngo nenhlokomo jikelele zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili Russian Dukhonin ukudlala indima engavamile kakhulu. Ngo-November 1917, Dukhonin esimisiwe uMkhuzi ibutho Russian. Uhulumeni wesikhashana, okuyinto bamfaka okuthunyelwe, okwamanje esehambile. KwamaBolshevik Uhulumeni wawo entsha ayitholile wafuna ukuphoqelela umbono jikelele ngokwenza ukuthula eJalimane ngaleso ngempela nokubi nemibandela Zinikeleni kuyihlazo Russia. Lokhu azikwazi nokugaya Jikelele Dukhonin, ogama biography libonisa ukulwa kwakhe bomoya.

Imisebenzi Dukhonin ekwindla ka-1917 e-Mogilev izinga obonwa mlando anti-abantu counterrevolutionary. Jikelele kusolwe yokungamlaleli izinqumo uhulumeni kwamaBolshevik, ukuthi jikelele, kanye impi, hhayi esifungelwe.

Iqiniso lokuthi ngokwenza lezi zixazululo, Jikelele Dukhonin ungase empeleni ukubhubhisa phambi, akekho owacabanga. Jikelele wazithola iyodwa phambi kwe "ibutho bamazwe zezombusazwe" abawasebenzisa ngokuwa uhulumeni, ehlose ukuwubhubhisa amabutho empi kanye eziphonsa ezweni ku nezinxushunxushu Bolshevism. Amathuba jikelele babempofu kakhulu, kodwa wenza konke ayengakwenza lokho wagcina abulawe. izenzo Abanesibindi nokufa angakhuluma Jikelele Dukhonin ukunikeza ilungelo ukumbiza Patriot Russia kweqiniso.

Ebuntwaneni kanye Nemfundo

Nikolay Nikolaevich Duhonin wazalwa ngo sifundazwe Smolensk, Disemba 13 (1 Disemba isitayela ubudala) ngo-1876, emndenini yabakhulu. Ngo-1894 waphothula izifundo zakhe e-Vladimir esikoleni lempi emzini Kiev waya eMoscow ukufunda ngehora lesithathu Aleksandrovskoe esikoleni. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ekolishi ngo-1896, Dukhonin libhaliswe ku kwesinye isikhungo lempi zemfundo --General Abasebenzi Academy. Ngo-1902, lapho sebeqedile ukuqeqeshwa at the Academy, wathola isikhundla sokuba ukaputeni Guard futhi ngokushesha wanezela General Abasebenzi.

umsebenzi Military Dukhonin lakhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Kwawona inkampani ziqu yenkulungwane Ibutho, ngo-November 1904 waba isikhonzi senior Abasebenzi Infantry Division. Ngo-1906, uNicholas wathola owesithathu degree Order of St Stanislaus noSt Anne, futhi waqokwa umelekeleli abaphezulu zonke Kiev lempi wesifunda. Lapho efika e Kiev, Dukhonin washada Natale Verner - intombazane enhle abafundile ngubani eyindodakazi udumo Kiev.

umsebenzi Early

Ekwindla ka-1908, uNicholas wafundisa wesayensi eziningana e Kiev Military School. Ngo-1911 yena yanikezelwa elisezingeni sombutho kusengaphambili. Ekwindla ka-1912 Dukhonin wabuyela indlunkulu, lapho aba khona isikhonzi abaphezulu.

UNikolai Nikolayevich, kusukela esikhathini ukuqeqeshwa lakhe lempi, sibe nobuhlobo obuhle Jikelele Alexeyev - induna ekomkhulu lesifunda. Cooperation kanye mathupha Alekseev kwesokunxele ikhumbule UNikolai Nikolaevich uphawu ongenakucimeka wokulingwa. Alekseev, ekhuluma Dukhonin, waphawula ezingeni eliphezulu nobuchwepheshe kwabasebenzi bayo namasiko.

Ehlobo lika-1913 uColonel Dukhonin ahlinzekwa uhambo oluya aqondisa kwezinhloko zamaviyo Austro-Hungarian njengesibukeli. Ngesikhathi lapho Europe ngokushesha langena kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, futhi-Austria-Hungary yawa isitha eyinhloko Russia, lolu hambo kwaba ngaphezu ebalulekile. kokuqeda ngempumelelo umgomo wayo, uColonel wathola i the Order of St uVladimir degree wesine, bese anda Kiev Military Circle - Eyinhloko Intelligence Division.

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala

Lapho kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, Dukhonin esimisiwe esiphezulu wempi uMnyango Quartermaster Jikelele Abasebenzi Okwesithathu Army of Kiev esifundeni lempi. Army, lokuba yilungu leqembu lezinhloli South-Eastern Front, waba nengxenye impi Galicia, elaliba kusuka 5 Agasti kuya ku-September 8, 1914. Ngo Dukhonin imisebenzi kuhlanganisiwe elengamele biko. Nge ayabelwe uColonel izibopho yena abhekana lolungenamaphutsa. Phakathi kwesimo endaweni ka-1914 e-inqaba Przemysl yengxoxo yethu kwaba hero Order of St George ngezinga lesine.

Lesi sikhulu abasha akakwazanga ukuhlala ekomkhulu, kwathi ngo-1915 wacela ukuthumela kuye ngaphambili. Ngakho Dukhonin waqokwa induna 165 th Infantry Regiment ka Lutsk. Ngenkathi ingaphansi wayaleza, ibutho lase lisibekela ukubaleka we lama-42 Infantry Division zempi eduze nedolobhana Mokreє (igama Ukraine). Ukuze ngokuqondiswa uchwepheshe othile nesibindi Dukhonin ukhishwa Order of St George, manje degree lwesithathu. Lo mklomelo kwaba ilungelo elikhulu, ngoba Order besigaba sesibili isikhathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala Uthole ezine kuphela.

Ngo-May 1916 Dukhonin baba Quartermaster Jikelele Abasebenzi-Southwestern Front, kanye umelekeleli eduze Jikelele Brusilov - Chief wamabutho Front.

Februwari revolution

Izenzakalo ze-Februwari Revolution Nikolay Nikolaevich Duhonin asabela ngayo ngomoya ophansi. Yena, indoda ezinengqondo, wayazi bangawalaleli uhulumeni omusha futhi ukuhlela yokuvukela phezu armbands obomvu okungenanzuzo futhi ngeke usebenze ngokuya isinyathelo sezempi. Musa ukuphinda isipiliyoni yokuba omunye ojenene (Miller Keller) Dukhonin bavumelana ukuba ubambisane Yesikhashana Uhulumeni, Positioning ngokwaso njengoba wasemuva yezwe, futhi engameli izithakazelo lothile. In amazwi Kerensky, Dukhonin kwakungumuntu engagwegwesi futhi abathembekile ikude namaqhinga zezombusazwe. Wayengumuntu, ngokuvumelana Kerensky, wayengenye lezo zikhulu ezathatha phezu kusuka Petra Velikogo futhi Suvorov art wokunqoba, ukuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwakusho inhlonipho abangaphansi.

Ngo-May 1917, General UNikolai Dukhonin ephethwe yindlunkulu-Southwestern Front. Ekuqaleni kuka-August wangonyaka esifanayo waba uLieutenant jikelele nenduna labasebenzi Western Front. 10 Septhemba, ngemva Jikelele Alexeyev wesulile esikhundleni sakhe Dukhonin wahola Ephakeme Headquarters ka Kerensky.

Nakhu Wabhala uLieutenant General Denikin ku Dukhonin "Kerensky kanye nabamele intando yeningi wamavukelambuso bethola afanelekayo efanayo, babethunjiwe kwamukwa nabo elinde isikhathi eside kangaka. Yena wayengumbulali isosha nesibindi futhi isiphathimandla professional abenqaba noma yiluphi ubandlululo zezombusazwe. " Gen. UNikolai Dukhonin wavumelana indima, ngokusobala kokubanga idumela lakhe, futhi ekugcineni ukuphila kwakhe ukuze ulondoloze izwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, uthi Denikin.

Ngo-October wangonyaka Revolution

Ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, Jikelele Dukhonin kudlalwa ngokwethembeka indima "Umeluleki lobuchwepheshe", okuyinto eye izinikele yona uqobo ku lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela Yesikhashana kaHulumeni. Ngu oda Kerenskogo Nikolay Nikolaevich wahumushela eziningana eqinile amayunithi lempi esiphezulu ukucindezeleka indawo. Kamuva, amaBolshevik kuphumelele razagitirovat zonke lezi izingxenye.

Lapho Petrograd waqala Okthoba kuvukela Gen. UNikolai Dukhonin ezidalwe Mogilev iqembu okukhethekile nokudidiyela izenzakalo ngezihluthu yasekhaya. Kodwa ukuvimbela wokugoqa yempi, lapho ngaleso sikhathi yafinyelela umvuthwandaba, kwakungenakwenzeka.

Okthoba 25, 1917 Dukhonin ukuvusela impi, uzama khumbuza wo ka yini lowo msebenzi ukuze ezweni kudinga wakhe ukuqeda ukuzithiba nokuthula kwengqondo, enendawo eqinile phezu izikhundla kanye ukusiza uhulumeni. Wathumela incwadi yocingo Petrograd bafuna amaBolshevik ngokushesha ayeke izenzo zabo, balahle kokuquleka ahlomile amandla futhi ulalele Yesikhashana kaHulumeni. Ukube kwakungenjalo, wathi, ibutho shoka lesi sidingo ngempoqo. Ngesikhathi lapho ibutho zigoqiwe ngokuphelele futhi amaJalimane e-West, ukusizakala lokhu, bonke ngingenzenjani, Jikelele, - ukuthumela telegram, kodwa liguqubele.

Ebusuku bango-November 26-27, ukuze ufunde ukuthi ukuze Kerensky uthumele "elihamba squad eqinile" Dukhonin jikelele okuphakanyiswe nqwamana them "izimoto ezimbili ithembekile zempi." Ngenxa yalokho, amabutho kwamaBolshevik ngokushesha futhi kalula ngilinqobile Winter Palace. Ekuseni ngo-27 UNikolai Nikolaevich ngathumela kuye incwadi yocingo ubacela ukuba bayeke imisebenzi yabo enobudlova, futhi sizithobe Yesikhashana kaHulumeni. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa nge izinga amakomiti ibutho wanquma ukuthatha izinyathelo ukusiza eMoscow. Njengoba zigcine zihluleka ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni ne amakomiti ibutho ekuseni Dukhonin iphendulwa yocingo 29 Okthoba kuya A. Kaledin, bambuza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthumela inhloko-dolobha Don Cossacks squad ezoqeda ukuvukela eMoscow baqhubeka kwemashi Petrograd. Jikelele Dukhonin impendulo akalindanga.

Isikhundla uMkhuzi

Lapho kwemashi Petrograd kuhlulekile, kusukela ngomhla ka-Nov Kerensky ngobusuku Dukhonin esimisiwe uMkhuzi, ngenxa ukuhamba e Petrograd. Jikelele ekwazisa amabutho ngesikhundla sakhe esisha, ewakhuthaza ukuba izikhundla zabo. Novemba 1 Dukhonin wathola incwadi evela Kornilov, lapho Laurel G. Jikelele wakhumbula yinkimbinkimbi umsebenzi ukuthi wawela ehlombe lakhe, kanye nesidingo sokuthatha isinyathelo esiqinile ukuhlela ekulweni kwakunezinxushunxushu ezizayo.

Gen. UNikolai Dukhonin wayeqonda ukuthi ingozi main singalindela omkhulu ovela ngemuva emotweni kunokuba ngaphambili. Wayebheka ke isibopho bakhe ukuba basekele Yesikhashana Uhulumeni njengoba igunya elimiswe ngokufanele kuphela. Esaba idumela njengoba imbangela eyinhloko kulwiwa, yena lwalulinganiselwe ezenzweni zayo. The High Command kukhombise isimo sakhe sengqondo ukuze kulwiwa, lapho wakhipha umyalelo wokuba ukumisa amabutho kokudlulela Petrograd. Bet Dukhonin balwa nohulumeni kwamaBolshevik, kodwa eqinisweni isiyodwa.

Novemba 7 jikelele wezempi bobukhosi Dukhonin wathola i-oda kusukela Council of Yabantu Commissars, ngokuvumelana ayezenzé ukuvusela abaholi Amabutho esitha futhi babanike ukuyeka ukulwa uhlale phansi esigcawini sokubonisana. Kulokhu, lonke ulwazi kusukela ezingxoxweni ayenakho ukuze uthumele ku-Smolny. Lapho amaBolshevik wayala, base kuphambene umbono jikelele. Ukwahluleka okuthobela nanoma oda kungasho ukuthi unesizathu ukuqaphela Dukhonin isitha sakhe, ngakho-ke isitha abantu.

Aware yezimo zezulu eziyinkimbinkimbi nokushintshashintsha isimo, mhlaka-8 Novemba, tsarist jikelele Dukhonin usuku lonke acabange ngalo. Ngenxa yalokho, wanquma ukudlala isikhathi, usebenzisa yokuthi umlayezo umsakazo imithetho iye ikhishwe ne-oda. Dukhonin ngamthumelela uNgqongqoshe neMpi ukuthi umbono ngalokho okushiwo radiogram ekhethekile akakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ngokwalokho ekuqukethe, ngoba akanawo Usuku nenombolo.

ucingo kwesibhamu

KwamaBolshevik mutiny Jikelele Dukhonin ayifiki ukunambitha. Ebusuku-8 kuya kwezingu-9 Novemba eMkhandlwini wase Yabantu Commissars kumuntu Lenin, uStalin futhi Krylenko ngokuthi Duhonininu ukucacisa isikhundla salo mayelana oda esiphezulu. I jikelele waqala impendulo yakhe ngokuthi Yabantu Commissars wabuza ukuthi lo oMfelandawonye uyavumelana izingxoxo zokuthula. Yena wabe esesho nokucabanga kwakhe ukuthi amaBolshevik awukwazi ngqo ukuxoxa oMfelandawonye, ngakhoke kumele kummeleli kuhulumeni. Commissars awazange aphendule ngalolu izitatimende Jikelele kanye wamane wambuza ukuthi wayezonikela impendulo eziqondile oda nokwenza umyalelo usulungile.

Gen. UNikolai Dukhonin wenqaba akhiphe imiyalelo amaBolshevik. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho waxoshwa. Njengoba okokuqala ukuba esikhundleni uMkhuzi kwakungekho muntu, wahlala isikhundla sakhe kuze yosesho kwaba ikhandidethi efanelekayo. Ngokushesha, esikhundleni sakhe owayezofika Ensign Krylenko.

Ngemva ingxoxo yocingo ebusuku ne abaholi amaBolshevik, Jikelele UNikolai Nikolaevich Dukhonin baphetha ngokuthi Yabantu Commissars, okungasekelwe ikakhulukazi ukukubona banquma ukuzama ukuxoxisana ngokusebenzisa inhloko benawo esisemthethweni ngayo amandla ezempi.

Ukulungiswa ku ngokujoyina lokho kuthula

Novemba 10 kwabikwa ukuthi Mogilev amaBolshevik avunyelwe amasosha bahlanganyele kuthula lwabo isitha, hhayi wacela ukwamukelwa Amathenda. Izingxoxo ababevunyelwe ukungena emizimbeni kuqokwa, uthome amakomiti regimental. Futhi kuphela ukusayinwa ukuxolelana inkontileka saziso kwaba ukuthatha ahlukane uhulumeni. Kwakuwusuku okokuqala emlandweni wezwe, lapho lo mkhuba yasetshenziselwa lokho kuthula. Lapho bezwa ngalokhu, Dukhonin wamangala. Wabona lokhu kunqoba Inqubomgomo sezinxushunxushu kanye kokuwa ngokuphelele wekuba sive. I jikelele abazange balilalele ngesinqumo SNK, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bayaqaphela Fike pi ngezindawo.

Novemba 13 entsha uMkhuzi Krylenko efika e Dvinsk, lapho kwakukhona impi yama wayemi okwesihlanu Northern Front. Ngosuku olulandelayo, abameleli bakhe langena ukuxoxisana umyalo eJalimane, yokwephula izibopho njengoba ally yeRussia. Novemba 15 Dukhonin obekwe ngokukhanyayo wokuthi ngaphambi ekunqobeni kokugcina phezu iyunithi German uyokwenza konke eRussia wagcwalisa umsebenzi walo kuya oMfelandawonye.

Noma kunjalo, Jikelele Nikolay Nikolaevich Duhonin wayazi Amathenda izinsuku zibaliwe. Ngo ingxoxo Jikelele Shcherbachov wabuza yokugcina yeleyo uMkhuzi, uma kwenzeka yena okuthile. Ukuphendula Shcherbachev ukuncoma Dukhonin ukuhambisa GHQ eKiev. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakungekho amandla, Central Rada, okuyinto alimazanga uhulumeni wamaSoviet. Same UNikolai Nikolaevich belulekwa ULieutenant Gen. Lukomsky.

Ekugcineni, 18 Novemba abasebenzi Amathenda Wamkhohlwa wakhe, kodwa jikelele uqobo wasala isikhathi. Njengoba yayazi ethuneni kufanele kube isitimela armored ne abavukeli, waqaphela ukuthi isiphetho Amathenda vele predetermined. Ngosuku olulandelayo, lapho izinduna Battalion phambili wafika ume ukubheja, Dukhonin babayala ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi. Wayengafuni fratricide. Ebusuku bango-November 20, jikelele ethunyelwe Bykhov nabameli babo ukuze ukukhulula Jikelele Kornilov nabangane bakhe. Zonke izinto zahamba kahle, futhi ngalobo busuku, bawushiya umuzi. Zona efanayo Jikelele UNikolai Dukhonin wayengahlosile ukuba abaleke. Wavuma ukuthi uzoboshwa noma okudutshulwa, kodwa yilokho okwenzeka ngemva kwalokho wayengasenathemba ngisho izibikezelo embi kakhulu.

Ukufa Jikelele Dukhonin

Novemba 20 Jikelele Krylenko efika e Mogilev ukuthatha phezu kwensika uMkhuzi Dukhonin. UNikolai Krylenko banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo ukulinda e isakhiwo Amathenda ezingenalutho, lapho eseneminyaka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi yini ube isisulu lynching sesosha. Egqoke izingubo zomsebenzi, waya esiteshini ukuze nginikeze i-isandla ukudlulisa leli cala "owalandela" yakhe, kodwa lona okugcinwe baya emzini. Khona-ke u-Nicholas waya Usigaxamabhande isitimela ukulinda Krilenko kuye. kamuva isigamu sehora, izindaba Dukhonin abahlezi isitimela ithengiswe ngokushesha wonke esiteshini. mayelana imoto ngokushesha isixuku esingaka kwamadoda ahlomile, abaphuma kwadambisa nentshiseko kuphela ukubonakala Krylenko. Kodwa ngeke kuqhubeke isikhathi eside.

Jikelele Dukhonin, izithombe okuyinto musa ihluke izinga ezinhle, wazethula futhi wazama ukukhuluma umlandeli wakhe, kodwa awuzange ulalele. Krylenko konke ukunakwa wagxilisa sixuku esingalawuleki, owayefuna ukuziphindiselela Dukhonin. Amatilosi athile behlakaniphe emotweni unceremoniously kwaphoqa Krylenko, ezama ukubuswa ohlangothini. Lapho isimo ngokuphelele out of control, Dukhonin weza esixukwini, wathi: "Wena wafuna ukubona Jikelele Dukhonin? Ngingumfana phambi kwakho. Ngaya ... ". Jikelele ukuba awuqede ayikazeki. Udutshulwe emhlane nge insabule futhi yazikhulula le nqola. Ngesihluku udwenguliwe umzimba jikelele, amatilosi baya emzini ukubulala unkosikazi wakhe. Lapho isixuku bagqekeza ifulethi jikelele, umkakhe engekho ekhaya. Natalia kwaba esontweni, lapho wathola umngane. Ukukhuluma ngendlela jikelele wabulawa Dukhonin intombi Natalia wafihla ekhaya.

Kamuva, AI Denikin, owayengeyena fan of izinkanuko wamavukelambuso Dukhonin, kodwa kwaba ukweleta ngokuphila kwakhe, wathi Nicholas umuntu othembekile, ngubani wayelazi okushiwo iqhawe yesikweletu lapho sibhekene nesitha. "Kodwa phakathi kwakho konke lokhu kuwukuphikisana UNikolai wamavukelambuso ngendlela engenathemba udidekile" - wafingqa Denikin.

Ngo-November 21 abelusi baka Loti nabaka kwesejwayelekile e Mogilev. Krylenko wakwazi ukumisa lynchings bese ufake zokuphepha izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. On oda yakhe Dukhonin isidumbu ebhokisini lokungcwaba futhi siyiswa isakhiwo esiteshini. Ekuseni khona eqashelwe waya Natalia. Ummeleli we-entsha uMkhuzi wamthatha ebhokisini alethwe amazwi enduduzo evela Krylenko ubuso. Jikelele yena akabonakalanga emehlweni womfelokazi. Kukhona enye inguqulo owawuthi Dukhonin umzimba yathengwa e amatilosi engalawuliwe nomkakhe, ilethwa Kiev angcwaba eyodwa futhi amangcwaba wendawo. Yilokho indaba yakhe kuphelile Jikelele Dukhonin. Ithuna UNikolai Nikolaevich 1934 ivuliwe Lukyanovka emathuneni emzini Kiev.

It uhlala kuphela ukwengeza ukuthi nga-21 Novemba emzini Brest-Litovsk, amaBolshevik waqala izingxoxo isiphelo sesimiso Brest ukuthula, okuyisithelo ayikwazanga echazwe njengo okuyihlazo. Kugcine ukalwe, kodwa isithiyo esingesihle kakhulu Jikelele Dukhonin ubuso Kwakukhathaza emzimbeni iqedwe.

isiphetho

Jikelele Dukhonin, ogama biography kwaba isihloko ingxoxo yethu, omunye izibalo ebanga usizi kunazo zonke lezo zinxushunxushu Russian kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Kubonisa ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukuba umvikeli ezweni kweqiniso - qotho futhi egxilile. Lamagama, "odlulisiwe endlunkulu Jikelele Dukhonin 'kuhlotshaniswa ukufa okuyihlazo ebulawa zesixuku zineminyaka wakholisa Avengers. Kodwa ingabe wena ahlaza yena Dukhonin wazizwa, uya uhambo lwakhe lokugcina?