5 amacala esabekayo wokusha abathakathi emlandweni

"Ukuzingela for Abathakathi" manje nje elithi ezivamile, elihlobene ne izigebengu noma izigebengu, okuyinto namuhla ayisekho thola. Lena bonke ngenxa yokumangalelwa ngamanga futhi enza ihaba. Lona (ngokusobala) livela kwelesiGreki yangempela uyathakatha ukuhlasela ukuthi Kuye wayekwenza phambi. Yiqiniso, kulula ngodaka labo ngezenzo zesikhathi esidlule, futhi lokhu ekuzingeleni uyathakatha kubonakala khona, kodwa kunokufana ukuthi ingafaniswa izinkinga zethu zamanje. Lokhu kufanele sikhumbule, ngaphandle kwalokho sibe sengozini ukuphinda izenzo ezinjalo imisho ngokungafanele.

abathakathi Basque

Zingela abathakathi Basque senzeka eSpain ngesikhathi iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki (ekhulwini le-17), ke wayebhekwa njengoba ngobukhulu futhi ohahela isikhundla kakhulu emlandweni wesintu. It is wafakazela ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-7,000 ashiswa. Akukacaci ukuthi kungani ekuzingeleni uyathakatha waqala, ngoba ngaphambi kokuba kuqulwe icala kwakungelona umlayezo owodwa mayelana ubuthakathi endaweni. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi bonke ababenezifo ezithile beza esontweni, njengoba ezama ukucindezela izindlela ezindala futhi alethe izwe yamaKatolika.

Izinombolo bazongena esitelekeni

Kwakukhona izigaba eziningana, isibonelo, phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala Washisa abathakathi 12 yicala. Azingela ayigcinanga lapho, waqhubeka, babanjwa abantu mayelana 2,000. Abaningi babo bavuma ukuthi babeludinga abathakathi, futhi watshelwa ukuthi kunabantu mayelana 5,000 ngubani babehilelekile lo msebenzi efanayo. Cishe bonke abantu okwathi kamuva wavuma, ethi izitatimende zabo babe umphumela olunzima sokuhlushwa.

Witch Berwick

zomthetho mayelana abathakathi North Berwick waqala in the 1500s ngasekupheleni futhi yathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili, nokuholele ekutheni abantu abangu-70 Ubhekene necala lokudlwengula a "idili ngawo womabili udeveli." Yaqala lapho Korol Dzheyms VI, lapho efika ekhaya evela eDenmark, wangena esivunguvungwini esinamandla. Isiphathiswa emkhunjini sola sezulu esibi, lapho umsolwa umphumela obuthakathi. Ngemva kwalokho, le abathakathi-ekuzingeleni wethulwa Denmark, kodwa kamuva wanikeza ubufakazi ukubandakanywa abesifazane waseScotland, lapho aqhubeka khona ukubulawa. Kwakulapho futhi lidlulisela enkulu uyathakatha ekuzingeleni. Okokuqala, umuntu oyedwa ahlukunyezwa. Njengoba okuningi njengoba ezama ukuzenza athandeke kubantu azivikele, ekugcineni wavuma ukuthi elihlobene ne ubuthakathi, nezenzakalo ezingaphezu iqamba wonke amanye "bakhi". Abaningi babekwa icala futhi washiswa esigxotsheni nje ngoba iNkosi uJames VI kwaba uhambo ukubuyisa eDenmark.

Metyu Hopkins

Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu elitheni uyathakatha abazingeli kuwo wonke umlando. Kukholakala ukuthi Hopkins nethimba lakhe zinengxenye ezingaphezu kuka-60% kusondele abathakathi eNgilandi (inkathi kusukela 1644 kuya 1646). Kuyaziwa ukuthi Hopkins waqala umkhankaso wakhe ngemva ezwile ingxoxo yabantu besifazane abangoFakazi okuxoxwe emhlanganweni wabo ngawo womabili udeveli. Akazange asebenzise sokuhlushwa evamile kukhishwe bavume kusuka wasola abesifazane. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwakuyinto engekho emthethweni e-England, ngakho nezindlela zakhe siqu yekubona abathakathi. Wayelethwa engalali kahle abamangalelwe, futhi kukhishwe nokuvuma kommangalelwa tingled ngommese buthuntu. Uma isilonda akuyona ukopha, lona wesifazane waqaphela uyathakatha.

Wayesebenzisa inqubo ukubhukuda, okuyinto kanje: uma ummangalelwa lalingabulawa kalula ukubhukuda emanzini bobabili, yena wenza. Kodwa lesi sivivinyo wabasolwa kuboshelwe isihlalo baphonswa besezwa echibini. Esinye isici kwakuyisibonakaliso okuthiwa the devil. Ngokuvamile kuba imvukuzane noma umkhangu, kodwa uma kukhona phezu komzimba umsolwa cha, Hopkins wayecabanga zona kungenzeka zisalokhu zingenazo ezinye izinhlamvu "ongabonakali". Hopkins washona ngo 1647, cishe esifweni sofuba. Kodwa abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi Hopkins yabekwa yimiphumela yokuhlolwa sakhe siqu ngokungcweliswa ukubhukuda futhi ibulawa, kanye abathakathi, kodwa abukho ubufakazi obanele ukuthi shoka lesi simangalo.

I babehambisana nokuzingelwa ekuzingeleni e Pendle Hill

Ngo 1612, abazalwane baqala ukufuna uyathakatha umenyezelwe endaweni ethule of Pendle Hill, okuyinto ke baqhubeka yonkana eNgilandi. Yaqala lapho Elison Uort lacela omunye umthengisi elula okuthiwa uJohn Lowe ku izikhonkwane wakhe, okuyinto wabona izingubo zakhe. John wenqaba ukuba avume ukuthi kungani yena pin, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokuba sasishwabene. Wachaza ukuthi kwaba ubuthakathi, nezenzakalo ezingaphezu kumayelana Alison izandla. Yena ekugcineni wavuma ukuthi into ngawo womabili udeveli. Alison wabe esethi omunye abesifazane abaningi siwukuthi bangamalungu uyathakatha enamandla kakhulu. Bemanga aqhubeka zivela kuyo yonke indawo, futhi abantu abangu-19 zagcina osolwa ngokubulala ubuthakathi. Kulawa, kubantu abangu-10 ababulawa ubuthakathi, futhi lokhu kwakuyisiqalo omkhulu babehambisana nokuzingelwa ekuzingeleni kulo lonke elaseNgilandi. Pendle Hill kubhekwa izindawo ezingaqondakali kakhulu e-England, njengoba kule ndawo kukhona izinto eziningi ezazihlobene abathakathi.

I Salem uyathakatha

Salem esivuthayo cishe the edume kunazo zonke ezake amacala ukuzingelwa kwabathakathi kulolu hlu bahlale isikhumbuzi salokho okungenzeka uma usinga livela umphakathi. Indaba kuhilela Ebigeyl Uilyams oneminyaka engu-11 ubudala futhi Siphesihle Paris oneminyaka engu-9 ubudala, owabhekana ukuhlaselwa okwakubhekwa njengokungcolile ngokweqile nokuquleka njalo sokuwa. Udokotela akazange abuthole izifo ezingokomzimba wabona kuyinqaba efana nezinye amantombazane elibazungezile. Iqembu amangalela intombazane abampofu abesifazane abathathu - Sarah Good, uSara Osborne futhi Tituba - ukuthi bahlukunyezwa nabo. Abesifazane abathathu zaqashelwa njengoba baba yimilahlelwangaphandle zomphakathi yibo yokutholwa umthethosivivinywa kubhekwe "abasolwa evamile." Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isimo siqala ukuba spin singalawuleki, futhi ekupheleni kuka-May 1693 wabulawa abantu 20. Lezi ukushiswa ziyisikhumbuzo salokho okungenzeka uma Abashisekeli benkolo ababekwa amacala angamanga futhi basakaze emphakathini.