UMbusi uNero: emfushane biography, isithombe, umama, unkosikazi. nokubusa koMbusi uNero

15 Disemba 37 wazalwa Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. Ingabe igama Ngokuzayo uNero lapho sizalwa. Wayesebenza kahle umsuka esihle ingeyamakhosi uDomitian ubudala. Amalungu amaningi umndeni ezikhathini zangaphambili ayesezikhundleni abalulekile ikakhulu abameleli. Ababili kulabo ayebafundela kwakungabantu ngisho censors.

umndeni

LukaNero ukhokho sikhathi sinye Yuliya Tsezarya ngisho wazama umlethe yokuqulwa kabi kwamandla. Nokho, kwakungasho akusebenzanga. Umkhulu bamkhonza UMbusi u-Augustus, wayengumholi wempi abadumile ezempi kanye ukunqoba ahlonishwe.

uyise Gnaeus Domitius LukaNero wayebuye inxusa e '32. I ke umbusi uTiberiyu waba umqalisi ngomshado wakhe nge Yuliey Agrippinoy. It is lokhu pair wazalwa Lucius Domitius.

ebuntwaneni

UNero wazalwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kokufa uMbusi uTiberiyu. Ngemva wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi uCaligula. Wayengumuntu umfowabo u-Agrippina, ngakho-ke umfowabo kayise uNero. Ingane ehlala noyise wakhe eduze Antsiem emadolobheni asemaphethelweni eRoma, unina esele kuleli dolobha futhi wayesezonikela ngo enkantolo yomfowabo. UCaligula ezahlukene onesimo ezonakele wathuthukisa ukuphinga odadewabo (ngingowokuqala kwaba Julia Livilla). Ngo '39, asolwa ukubandakanywa ugobe, niyazise inkosi. Kusolakala bafuna ukuba agumbuqele uCaligula, ngemva kwalokho sobukhosi Wawuthatha uNero abasha.

Ngemva kokuthethwa kwecala iDemo odade bathunyelwa kwelinye le Pontine Islands. Yonke impahla yabo kwadliwa, ngixhumana nezihlobo wawuvinjelwe. Nokho, uNero noyise akazange angene ngaphansi ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu futhi waqhubeka ehlala villa abo e-Italy. Gnaeus Domitius washona ngo '40 ngenxa kokugqashuka sokuvuvuka.

lapho uCaligula

Naphezu uhlanyiswa yakhe futhi nizondelele emhlabeni ukubona uCaligula ngesakhiwo ayikwazanga ukuzivikela. Ngo '41 waba isisulu uzungu ehlelwa abaQaphi Bombusi - Onogada enkantolo. UCaligula wabulawa, futhi wanika sobukhosi kuyisekazi - uKlawudiyu. Wayaziwa ngokuba komqondo wakhe futhi uhlamvu kobushiqela. umbusi osanda kuzalwa wathi unkulunkulu, wachitha ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu e iSigele.

Nokho, abashana bakhe (kuhlanganise unina uNero), yena wabuya ekudingisweni wabuyela eRoma, ngokuthatha off ukumangalela umuntu okuvukela uMbuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uKlawudiyu isinqumo ukuhlela emshadweni wesibili ukuba u-Agrippina, njengoba umyeni wakhe wayeshone nje ngaphambili. Umlingani baba Gay Sallyusty - yesikhulu abadumile, owayesengomunye inxusa kabili. Wathuthela unina umbusi uNero no ingane ekhaya lakho eRoma, lapho babehlala emphakathini engcono.

Kusukela leli phuzu ingane ukhohliwe mayelana impilo elokuthula. Inhlokodolobha wayegcwele gobe nokungqubuzana kwezithakazelo yezikhulu. Usongo esikhulu emndenini Agrippina baba Messalina - umkakhe koMbusi uKlawudiyu. Wayekholelwa ukuthi umshana yendoda yakhe, kwaba usongo amandla ayo. UNero emehlweni akhe kwaba kummangali eziya esihlalweni sobukhosi, okungase yezingodo ikusasa indodana yakhe Britannicus.

Messalina wazama ukuqeda ingane, waya endlini ka-Sallust ababulali. Nokho, abakwamukelanga ukufeza ukuthunywa olubucayi. Mhlawumbe nje walahlekelwa nerve yabo, Nokho, njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka, amahemuhemu eyaqanjwa legend ukuthi lezi zithunywa babe inyoka uvalo lokuthi kuqashelwe ubuthongo uNero. A isimo esishubile lanqoba.

Ngo-47 Gay Sallyusty wafa, Gossips abaningi bathi u-Agrippina anobuthi umyeni wakhe ukuze badle ifa lemfuyo yakhe. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa Messalina wazama ukuhlela icebo umuntu, kodwa yayivame futhi abulawe. Ngenxa yalokho, uKlawudiyu futhi u-Agrippina ayengashadile. UMbusi lesilinganisiwe wameluleka lokushada nowesifazane enamandla futhi emuhle. Wavuma, futhi indlu yomshado ukudlalwa '49. Ngemva kwalokho uNero baba indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi.

indlalifa

UKlawudiyu ihlelwe ukubandakanyeka indodana yabo ezintsha zamukela nendodakazi kweqiniso Claudia Octavia. Ngokuzayo uMbusi uNero nguyena umqeqeshi odumile - sefilosofi uSeneca, abuya ekuthunjweni Agrippina. Amadoda athembekile umama nendodana esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe yilo mbusi ukuhlanganisa isikhundla sabo. Ngokwesibonelo, umqeqeshi yangaphambili uNero gal Sekst Burr waba ngumholi wababusi.

Nokho, uMbusi ewubuciko ubulokhu ushintsha izinhlelo zakhe. ngokushesha Waba cooler iphathe umkayo noNero. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uKlawudiyu waphinda uzungezwe indodana yakhe siqu Britannicus. Kwakubonakala sengathi ayesezokwenza kabusha amise owayezomlandela. Kodwa u-Agrippina unqume usukume. Kukholakala ukuthi 54, yona yaliyisa umyeni wakhe ipuleti mushroom poisoning, ngenxa afa kuwo. Umnikazi sobukhosi kwaba uNero. Photo of ngokudayisa akhe behlulwa umqondo wokuthi lalibukeka kanjani umbusi. Kwaba insizwa enhle, okwamanje isinkwa sayo kobushiqela nokuluthwa, phakathi okwakukhona kulo emathaveni zezifebe.

Ingxabano nomama

Ekuqaleni nokubusa koMbusi uNero. Okokuqala yayingaphansi kokulawula ephelele Unina, owayekwazi ngisho emikhosini ezisemthethweni nendodana yakhe. Nokho, zonke izinsuku le nsizwa ejwayele xaxa amandla baba ongalawuleki. I imbangela yombango owawuzothatha baba ntandokazi kwakhe abesifazane. Waba nobungane inceku wangaphambili kanjani yilokhu ukuba unina wehluleka. Waze waqala ngisho ukuthola uxhumano ne-Britannic, nakho kungaba umbusi. Kodwa uNero wayecabanga ukuthi ngeke give up amandla. Britannicus wadliswa ushevu ngo '55.

Ngokushesha u-Agrippina lasuswa kusukela enkantolo. Nendodana yakhe beqala lizame ukwenza kuwumzamo, kodwa isikhathi ngasinye kuhlulekile. Ekugcineni, yena wabatshela ukuqeda u-Agrippina, thola ukuthi they dlulisa. Ngemva kwalokho uNero waqala nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Waqala isipoki chuditsya likamama. Ezama ukuthola impumuzo wadinga usizo Izanusi luhlanzekile futhi nhlanhla.

Inqubomgomo Foreign futhi yasekhaya

Eminyakeni yokuqala wokubusa, lapho umbusi wabonisa isithakazelo ngaphezulu nezindaba zomphakathi, waziveza njengoba umlawuli ezinhle. Ngokwesibonelo, Umkhandlu Wezigele bamukela imithetho yokulwa nenkohlakalo, nombhali owawungumnyaka uNero. Ngamafuphi nje, futhi okuqalwe intela ukusikeka ngabantu abayizakhamuzi ezejwayelekile. Lapho uvele langalezo njalo imikhosi cwe futhi mkhosi. Permanent izimpi steel enkundleni, okwaba umbukwane isixuku eziyizintandokazi.

Ngesikhathi wokubusa uNero, uMbuso WaseRoma licishe ifinyelele imikhawulo yayo yomlando. Ubethula sizungezwe Mediterranean, kwaba maphakathi isiko nohwebo. izitha sangaphandle kungukuthi esongelwa ke. Ngakho-ke, kwakungekho izimpi, umqalisi zazo kungaba uNero. Umlando Omfushane nezinduna zakhe ukuthi izingxabano zazidingeka ezithengiswayo njengoba umoya. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho impikiswano Kwagqashuka phakathi kweRoma ne-Persia, maphakathi okwathi kamuva laba Armenia, abeluleki athonya sombusi ukuya empini. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa kusuka 58 kuya 63 ngonyaka. Ngenxa yalokho, umbusi waleli isimo sesikhashana ivumile ukuba abe ngaphansi kwesizwe imithetho yombusi.

Umlilo omkhulu

umlilo esabekayo iphutha eRoma '64, okuyinto kanye yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Great. Kukholakala ukuthi kwaba umqalisi we uNero. Ezinye izazi-mlando mlando etha isiqephu lapho umbusi efundile inhlekelele, ngaya edolobheni, lapho wabukela yesehlakalo. Nokho, wayegqoké imvunulo waseshashalazini, hlabelela inkondlo mayelana nokubhujiswa Troy nokudlala izinsimbi zomculo.

Umlilo wabhubhisa kakhulu emzini. Ngaleso sikhathi, Rome lahlukaniswa laba izifunda 14 zazo ngasinda 3. kuphela Ukuze ukubuyisela umuzi, kudingeka imithombo omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, i-emperor ekhokhwa izintela omkhulu esifundazweni enhlokodolobha wafika oda. isigodlo esisha Yakhiwa, egcwele omunye zokuhlala elikhulu ababusi baleli zwe bakhipha emlandweni. Ungakhohlwa uNero futhi uthole abaphehla usizi sigameko. Bakhandwa neyaziwayo njengamaKristu. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ahlele ekubulaweni kwenqwaba yabantu ka izihlubuki, eyayiqhutshwa ngendlela abantu zamehlo. Wamangalelwa izingonyama eziyishumi ezikhuluphalisiweyo, elenga iziphambano futhi t. D.

ukuphila Siqu

UNero bomshado Octavia, uKlawudiyu ahlelwe, akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Wayengakwazi ukukhulelwa ngoba lokho okwakushiwo umyeni wakhe usola iDA nenzalo. Ngemva kwalokho, washada kabili: ukuze Poppeya Sabine futhi Statilia Messalina. Unkosikazi wokuqala uNero ngisho wamzalela indodakazi, kodwa washona ku ngenyanga yesine zokuphila. Poppea sokukhulelwa yesibili yaphela ngo yisisu ngenxa yokuthi umyeni wakhe wakhahlela wakhe esiswini ngesikhathi kunengxabano.

Njengezinye bamaRoma kwenkathi, uNero yayaziwa ubudlelwano obuseduze amadoda. Ubungqingili kubhekwe kuyinsakavukela, kanti umbusi obala olwenziwa bash eziningi.

Ukuvukela nokufa

Kuyo yonke le minyaka, uNero ilahlekelwe ukwanda phakathi zabantu abavamile isimo, futhi emibuthanweni Roman ephakeme. Lokhu kwakubangelwa intukuthelo yakhe esabekayo, wedlula kuyakuhlanyisa, izintela omkhulu izifunda ukuphumula, indlela okonakele ukuphila nokunye. D.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ngo-'68 eGaul ukuvukela Kwagqashuka. Umbusi wendawo Gay Yuly Vindex ephakanyiswe amabutho sakhe kuhulumeni. Yena sasekelwa Galba, owabusa Tarrakanskoy Spain. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona isivumelwano ukuthi yokugcina yazibeka umbusi uma ukumehlula uNero. amabutho mbuso abazange kufanele aphule eseRoma impi. Abantu, ibutho ngisho AbaQaphi Bombusi babephinde othathelwe uNero, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iSigele ekuqaleni ayethé izihlubuki izigebengu. Izindaba Labaqaphi ukukhashelwa alethwe umbusi ku zibangelwa. Kwacaca ukuthi izinsuku zakhe zase zibaliwe.

Izwe Villa kwaba indawo yokugcina lapho babaleka wakhe we uNero. Biography akamnikanga ithuba lokuwina umusa. Umkhandlu Wezigele isivele wamemezela kuye isitha abantu. Ekuqaleni akazange alinge Uzazibulala kodwa wezwa clatter izinselo amahhashi 'emgwaqeni, ekugcineni wacosha ummese. Ngosizo abayizinceku eziqotho uNero usike emphinjeni wakhe. Ngokusho yetinsita okwamanje wathi: "Yini umculi uyafa!". Lokhu ibinzana baba ezinamaphiko.

Isidumbu sakhe yayishiswa abangane embalwa edlule, kanti isitsha wembelwa izindlu umndeni. Ngemva kokufa kuka-uNero, akazifinyezanga lezo Roman lwamakhosi lokuqala imperial Julio Claudian. Ngemva kwalokho, izwe liye eside wazamazama elihlaselwe impi yombango.

Inani

ubuntu LukaNero wahlala impikiswano kakhulu izizukulwane eziningi mlando. Ngaphansi kwakhe umbuso yanda, kodwa neze kuKesari kwadingeka ngobunjalo babo. Yena kwahluka uhlamvu uyahlanya (okuyiwona baba owaziwa kakhulu) futhi wathuthukisa zonke izinhlobo fun, kuyilapho ama-apharathasi wombuso by inertia enza ngayo umsebenzi wakhe. Kwakuwusuku yokuchuma umphakathi lasendulo.

EbuKristwini, uNero ethumba njengoba torturer, ngomyalo ukuthi bahlukunyezwa futhi babulawa amakholwa eziningi neyaziwayo ngaphandle komthetho.