Getman, Daniel (Danilo) Apostol

Danylo Apostol - sibalo elikhanyayo zezombusazwe, ummeleli umndeni abadumile Cossack, yazalwa ngo Poltava edolobhaneni Omkhulu Sorochintsy. Ngo-1683, wathola ifa kuyise, le lezinceku Cossack uPawulu Ohrimovicha isikhundla eliphezulu Colonel Mirgorod, okuyinto yokwelula ukudlula noma iyiphi enye phambi kwakhe, wakhonza ukufinyelela Mace le Hetman sika.

Isazi ezindabeni zezempi

Hetman Danylo Apostol, ogama biography ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe izinto azifezile bokulwa, kwaba usomaqhinga ekhaliphile isazi ezindabeni zezempi. Ngo 1689, njengengxenye 40000th ibutho Cossack, waba nengxenye emkhankasweni ngokumelene Perekop ngokumelene YaseCrimea AmaTatar, e 1693 kanye 1696 kuqhathaniswa YaseCrimea Khanate. Ngo 1697, wazehlukanisa empini Russian ngokumelene abaseTurkey kusuka 1700 kuya 1706 walwa abaseSweden, abanazo Cossack nebutho lakhe eziningana izenzakalo yimpumelelo: ukunqotshwa ibutho Jikelele Schlippenbach futhi yokukhululwa Warsaw kusukela isitha.

Ukraine - ezimele futhi khulula

Danylo Apostol, ngokuba Patriot esikhulu Ukraine kanye nomqondo ofanayo Ivan Mazepa, isekela kakhulu inqubomgomo yokugcina, obala uyangena 1708 nge Mirgorod wakhe ibutho eceleni kwakhe. Nakuba hhayi isikhathi eside ... Umphostoli wayefuna khulula Ukraine kusukela kwencika eMoscow futhi ukwakha nimunye Sweden. Ngalezi imicabango, waphendukela Ivan Mazepa, kodwa, ayeqiniseka ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuqaliswa okuhleliwe, ukuthi wakuyeka ukukhonza kwakhe waqala ukusebenza eduze neziphathimandla eMoscow futhi ukwenza ohlangothini lwabo impi. Ngo 1711 Danilo iqhaza emkhankasweni Prut kaPetru mina njengoba babenza hetman kokuqiniswa Ukraine, futhi 1722 wahola amayunithi Cossack zabantu 10 000 ebuthweni Russian waba nengxenye emkhankasweni wokulwa nePheresiya.

Kamuva Danylo Apostol ngumngani imibono yabo ngemibono noPawulu Polubotko - nakaznym induna, kanye kanye makafune ukuqedwa amalungelo eqine isimo Ukraine wasungula Little Collegium Russian. Baqhubeka nemisebenzi ephambene inqubomgomo Russian maqondana Ukraine, ngisho ngemuva kokuboshwa kwabasolwa nabangane bakhe.

Danylo Apostol: Biography. hetman Ukhetho

Ngo 1727 Elikhulu oPhethe Umphostoli wakhethwa hetman. Naphezu kweminyaka engu-70 ubudala, le Hetman elisanda kuqokwa ngentshiseko isethwe ukuthi isebenze ku ngcono emkhathini engokomoya nezombusazwe eyayivamile lizwe ngemuva kokuhlinzwa Little Collegium Russian. Futhi nakuba Ukraine wayekhona umeluleki eMoscow Naumov, futhi le ndodana yalo Daniel Apostol njengoba lomshuwalense ukungathembeki komuntu oshade naye okungenzeka eMoscow nguyise, Danylo Apostol kwaba e-Russia (isithombe yayo ungabona kulesi sihloko) e 1728 ngenjongo wavakashela Petersburg. Ukushintsha inkosi (kokufa uPetru mina, ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi sika-Peter II) abayekanga Daniel umPhostoli e izinhloso zakhe ezibonisa ukushisekela izwe, futhi ngosuku ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi sika-Peter II, wanxusa ukubuya Ukraine kwenkululeko ubudala futhi amalungelo ngaphansi kwemigomo yalesi sivumelwano ka 1654, waphetha naphakathi kwenkosi Bogdanom Hmelnitskim. Waba yini umphumela walesi kuvakashelwa kwakufike isinqumo inkosi:

• ukuze ngokuzimela khetha Hetman;
• translation Hetman kusukela ngaphansi kwegunya le-Imperial iSigele ngaphansi kwegunya Ministry of Foreign Affairs;
• nokuncipha kwenani amabutho Russian ensimini ka-Ukraine;
• intela bhala-off, babala Little Collegium Russian.

INkosi ibuye ezaqedwa ubudlelwane ukuhweba bephoqeleka kuphela ukuthekelisa Russian futhi imikhiqizo kuphela ngokusebenzisa izimbobo Russian.

amaphuzu Esiwujuqu Ukraine

Ngakho, ukubuya ngokwengxenye senkosi yase-Ukraine, amalungelo alo nenkululeko bebelokhu uhlobo ukuhoxa Tactical futhi impendulo ezithile isimo sezombangazwe kokushintsha. Ngo parallel, njengempendulo umbusi njengonkulunkulu isinyathelo esinqala sokusho ngokucacile Danylo Apostol Kwamiswa okuthiwa amaphuzu esiwujuqu lapho, abe uhlobo nohlaka lomthetho Hetman, ngokoqobo usike okuzimela zezombusazwe futhi amandla hetman ka Kwesokunxele-Bank Ukraine. Ngokusho kwakhe hetman yayingenalo ilungelo lokuthola ukuqhuba nezingxoxo zokubonisana kanye nokwamukelwa sezikhonzi jikelele kanye colonels. Kwaba kuphela ngaphansi kwekhono le Tsar Russian. izikhundla abaphathizikhwama amabili aye owethulwa ukulawula izimali hetman sika, omunye wabo kummeleli ohlangothini isiRashiya, kwesibili - Ukraine. Nentela yezimpahla ezingena ukuba Ukraine bayiswa endaweni yomcebo yasebukhosini. Lokho kuyinto okuhlaselayo amasu ngokumelene Ukraine baqhubeka.

izinyathelo Hetman ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila e-Ukraine

Ukuyiqonda injongo yangempela yokunikezwa nathemba yanoma yimuphi umzamo ukubuyisela prerogatives ayengaphansi Hetman, Danylo Apostol (isithombe sakhe aboniswe ngezansi) uye wagxila imisebenzi yayo phezu izinguquko izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho ku Ukraine.

I zokwahlulela kabusha Hetman iphuzu elibalulekile evezwe isidingo ukonga "amacala ubudala", eqinisekisa obala ekwenzeni izinqumo ezenziwa amajaji, akhethwe ngabantu. Kuze kube yimanje, ngo-1731 yanyatheliswa imiyalelo izinkantolo, ehlinzekela inani wabantu amajaji eNkantolo Jikelele (6 abazoqokelwa ezintathu Ukraine futhi abaseRussia), kanye umongameli enkantolo kwaba hetman yena.

Kuwo wonke umsebenzi we Umphostoli Hetman Danylo izikhundla zibonakala ngokucacile isikhathi esizayo, kuhambisana nakho okukhulu. umlawuli abadumile, Hetman ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaba umphathi kwezomnotho okuhle - umhleli, nezimboni, osomabhizinisi kanye abathengisi, owayemazi ngokuseduze indlela yokubala imali.

Indima ekubuyiselweni Hetman umnotho

Njengoba umnikazi mnene, Hetman Danylo Apostol ukunakekela okukhethekile ukubuyiselwa umnotho Ukrainian, kodwa impumelelo yayo kule ndawo baye nesizotha. Industries emabhizinisini ezinkulu futhi manufactory itholakala ngokuyinhloko yayiphethwe we iziphathimandla zaseRussia. Danylo Apostol bavikela izithakazelo ukuhweba Ukrainian ngokuphikelela embonweni ukuqedwa uPetru ngiyethula uhlelo olubandlululayo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1728, lapho bahlangana Glukhov izithunywa ezivela umthengisi zezentengiselwano futhi waphakamisa impikiswano nge uhulumeni waseRussia ukuba iwuvule ku ukuthekelisa kwezimpahla Ukrainian - okusanhlamvu, nokotini, emakhilayoni, isikhumba kanye nabanye.

Njengoba inkathi eyiminyaka engu-1729-1731, wayazi kahle isiphelile yisikhwama jikelele futhi isikhundla emazweni Danilo Umphostoli ubambe uphenyo jikelele sika seluqaliwe, ke eyenziwa kwamabhuku obuphelele izigodi futhi abuyiselwe iningi izindawo nalo. Uphenyo esekelwe imibhalo lokusinda ubufakazi nabantu abakuphila kwabo lapho la mazwe banikwa ngokungemthetho nobunikazi yangasese.

Baningi abantu baseRussia ekuphathweni le Hetman sika kwehliselwe. Babenqatshelwe, ukuba zithenge umhlaba e-Ukraine, kodwa isifiso add ekushiyeni zwe bakhuthazwa futhi ngokwezimali asekelwe. Inombolo regiments Russian lwalulinganiselwe ukuba eziyisithupha e-Ukraine.

Ngaphansi kwegunya Cossacks le hetman sika wona abuyiswa, baphoqeleka ukuba bahlale 1708 ensimini ka YaseCrimea Khanate. Futhi ngo 1734 zazivunyelwa ukuba akha Sich entsha phezu komhlaba emfuleni.

Hetman Danylo Apostol futhi uqalile ukuxazulula izinkinga zezimali e-Ukraine, igcizelela isabelomali yayo inani ruble ayizigidi 144 ngonyaka. Ingxenye esemqoka intela engenayo imisiwe ukuthekelisa kusuka Ukraine of izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye izindleko wabelane ukuxhumana phakathi kwabaphathi, njalo kanye namabutho mercenary.

Danilo Umphostoli indima emlandweni Ukraine

IBhodi Danylo Apostol eyathatha iminyaka eyisithupha nesigamu, ngonyaka odlule empeleni wayegula. Kodwa lokhu, naphezu ukuphazamiseka njalo kusukela uhulumeni waseRussia, akuzange kumyekise ngaso sonke isikhathi sihlale ukulwa kanzima ukuzimela Ukraine kanye nokubuyiselwa amalungelo abantu Ukraine. Lapho Danilo uhlala kwabaphostoli, okungenani ingxenye, kodwa lilungisiwe: kwehle outflow abahlali zasemakhaya Dnieper, futhi isibalo sezikhungo ababaleki ababuyayo phezu Left Bank.

Hetman Danylo Apostol wafa Januwari 17, 1734 yisifo sohlangothi wangcwatshwa emzaneni Sorochintsy (manje Omkhulu Sorochintsy Mirgorod wesifunda , Poltava esifundeni) e ekwakheni izakhiwo zalo Bandla isimo leNkosi.

Ekuphetheni

Hetman ekhuluma ngokubusiswa komuntu, hhayi shí amanga, kwaba ugongolo osobala esibhakabhakeni esimnyama zokuphila Ukrainian; Wazama ngamandla akhe onke ukuvikela ilungelo lomphakathi abantu Ukraine emathonyeni angaphandle, futhi kancane wakwazi ukugcina inqubo ukuhlanganiswa ngokugcwele Hetmanate okuphathelene nokwakheka kwendawo yonke indawo yoMbuso Russian.