Lapho kwakukhona Battle of Wesenberg? Izimbangela nemiphumela

Rakovor impi medieval senzeka ngo 1268. Le mpi ingenye iziqephu eziningi Northern Zokholo futhi zivela ngalesikhathi umzabalazo phakathi Knights zamaJalimane kanye principalities Russian ngethonya e aseBaltic esifundeni.

Umlando lezi ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi waziwa kakhulu ngenxa yezimpi Aleksandra Nevskogo, saseNevsky Battle of the Ice. Against ngemuva zalezi zenzakalo Battle of Wesenberg uhlala cishe ezingabonakali. Noma kunjalo, kwaba nempi ebalulekile, kwaba khona abangu-a retinue omkhulu.

prehistory

Ensimini ka Latvia yesimanje kanye Estonia ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka wahlala izizwe ubumbene iBaltic. Ekhulwini XI esifundeni waqala ukunwetshwa indawo eRussia, kodwa kwaba phezu cishe ngokushesha ngenxa kokugqashuka kwehlukana zezombusazwe eMpumalanga Slavic isimo. Ngokushesha uvele bamakoloni Baltic German. Kwakumelwe Katolika inkolo, kanye uPapa ihlelwe eziMpini Zokholo ngenjongo amaqaba wabhapathiza.

Ngakho, ekhulwini XIII futhi kwakubonakala sengathi zamaJalimane Livonian oda. umbimbi abo ayengamakhulu eSweden naseDenmark. E Copenhagen, ihlelwe nomkhankaso wempi ukuyokudla Eastland (Estonia yesimanje). I Crusaders ayesezibhebheni emdeni principalities Russian (ngokuyinhloko Pskov futhi Novgorod). Ngo 1240 ingxabano yokuqala yagqashuka phakathi omakhelwane. Phakathi nale minyaka, Russia lalihlaselwa we amaMongol izindimbane, owayevela emaqeleni empumalanga. Bashisa emadolobheni amaningi, kodwa akafikanga Novgorod, owawungumnyaka ikude kakhulu enyakatho.

Fight Aleksandra Nevskogo nosongo Western

Lokhu isimo wasiza saseNevsky ukuqoqa amandla fresh bese dudula abaseSweden futhi kwamabutho ezimpi zokholo-German. Alexander njalo wazihlephula e Battle of iNeva (1240) kanye Ice Battle (1242). Ngemva impumelelo izingalo Russian ukuxolelana esasayinwa Nokho, zonke osomaqhinga, kwaba sobala ukuthi lesi sivumelwano kungokwesikhashana, futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, amaKatolika ngeke inflict elinye igalelo.

Ngakho-ke, u-Alexander saseNevsky waqala ukufuna umbimbi ekulweni Crusaders. Wakwazi ukuqala ne-Lithuanian Duke Mindaugas, okuyiwona ukunwetshwa German wayebuye abe usongo olukhulu. Amakhosi amabili kwase kuseduze ukuba enze umfelandawonye. Nokho, ngo-1263 izikhulu Lithuanian futhi Novgorod, zazifa cishe kanyekanye.

ubuntu Dovmont

Impi adumile Wesenberg kwesokunxele yesizukulwane ezikhazimulayo igama Dovmont, owayehola Pskov ibutho empini yokulwa ukuba kuhlanganwe namaKatolika. Lokhu isikhulu wayevela Lithuania. Ngemva kokufa Mindaugas, wathatha ingxenye in the impi yombango emazweni akubo. Wahluleka ukugcina onefa, futhi wadingiselwa ngu Bakwethu zabo. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi Dovmont yayaziwa isibindi sakhe. ubuntu lakhe izakhamizi anentshisekelo Pskov, ubani ngemva kokufa Aleksandra Nevskogo abadinga advocate esizimele omakhelwane. ngokujabula Dovmont wavuma ukukhonza edolobheni, futhi 1266 waba Pskov prince Umkhuzi.

Lokhu kwaba nomthelela ekukhethweni uhlelo esiyingqayizivele zezombusazwe owandile enyakatho yeRussia. Pskov futhi Novgorod zazihlukile kwezinye amadolobha East ababusi namalunga nababhali babo babemiswa isinqumo wamavoti ethandwa - Chamber. Ngenxa yalokhu umehluko, abakhileyo la mazwe ngokuvamile kungqubuzana nezinye Russian isikhungo zezombusazwe - Vladimir-on-Klyazma, esibuswa abameleli lezinceku Rurik lwamakhosi. Bona uncome namaMongol ngezikhathi wafuna intela elifanayo Novgorod futhi Pskov. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi eziyinkimbinkimbi ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo, usongo esiyinhloko republic Russian ngalezo zinsuku zazivela entshonalanga.

Ngalesi sikhathi emazweni aseBaltic akha nhlanganisela ithi iSonto, esasivutha ngesikhathi esifanayo, sifuna ukunqoba nokuphanga ukubhapathiza amaqaba zendawo uwine lwamaSlav.

umkhankaso Novgorod e Lithuania

Ngo 1267 Novgorod lahlela umkhankaso ngokumelene naseLithuania abangophakimpi, ngubani abavunyelwe ukuba baphumule kwemingcele yabo. Nokho, endleleni eya ukungqubuzana entshonalanga waqala phakathi amaqembu, kanye uhlelo lokuqala lashintshwa. Esikhundleni sokuya Lithuania, Novgorod wangena Estland, okuyinto yenkosi Danish. Battle of Wesenberg yayiwumsebenzi owumphumela wawo empini. Isizathu esisemthethweni zomkhankaso babe izindaba njalo ukuthi abathengisi Russian abacindezelwe ukuba uku emakethe, eyayithengwe Danes.

Nokho, uma efuna Novgorod kuyoba nzima ukumelana nesilingo iSonto Union. Lo mkhankaso kuqala 1267 yaphela, futhi kokuba siqale. Abantu babuyela ekhaya, futhi ngabaholi bezempi banquma ukucela usizo Grand Duke uVladimir Yaroslav Yaroslavich. On osebeni Volkhov umbusi esevumelene izakhamuzi zendawo. Babefanele umshana ka-Alexander Nevskogo Yuriy Andreevich. Kuyinto le nkosana kwaba umlawuli omkhulu ibutho isiRashiya, lapho kwakukhona Battle of Wesenberg.

The Union of izikhulu Russian

Smiths Russian waqala ziqhubekele izikhali ezintsha bese zempi. Yuri Andreyevich abamenyiwe ezinye izikhulu Slavic ukuthi bajoyine umkhankaso wakhe. Ekuqaleni, umnyombo sebutho ibutho Novgorod, lo Vladimir kulekelelwa amabutho, ababenikwe umbusi Yaroslav Yaroslavich. Battle of Wesenberg kwaba ukuhlola amandla ubudlelwane azihlanganisa phakathi omakhelwane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu Novgorod bajoyinwa ezinye izikhulu: indodana Aleksandra Nevskogo , Dmitry, owayebusa Pereyaslavl; Izingane uVladimir Prince Svyatoslav noMikayeli, nabo kufika Tver squad; kanye ne-Prince of Pskov Dovmont.

Nakuba isiRashiya Knights babelungiselela impi okuseduze, osomaqhinga yamaKatolika benza konke ababengakwenza ukuze sihlakaniphele isitha. Esikhathini phakathi kwebandla amabutho e-amanxusa Novgorod efika babeza besuka eRiga, elimelela izithakazelo Order Livonian. Kwaba iqhinga. amanxusa Russian wathonyelwa ukuba enze ukuthula ukuze athole okuthile ukuthi Order akazange ayisekele nendlela Danes empini yabo. Nakuba Novgorod baxoxisana abakhileyo Riga, sebevele belande wathumela amasosha enyakatho impahla yabo, ekulungiseleleni ukuhlela njengezinyoni ezibanjwa isicupho.

Reid e naseBaltics

Januwari 23 esikwatini ngokuhlanganyela Russian babevela Novgorod. Walinda Battle of Wesenberg. 1268 waqala ngokubutha evamile zasebusika ezibandayo, ngakho ibutho Lezwe ngokushesha wathutha oledenevshuyu Narva, emngceleni yangaphambili phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Inhloso ngqangi yalo emkhankasweni kwaba osendaweni ezibalulekile inqaba Rakovor. amabutho Russian wathutha kancane, ngokuhlala ligxilile aphanga ukuzilwela indawo Danish.

Battle of Wesenberg iphutha lomfula, indawo lapho akukakabi ncamashi ngokululekana. Izazi-mlando phikisana nomunye ngenxa ukubandakanywa imithombo lapho amagama ehlukene indawo kuboniswe. Noma kunjalo, impi kwenzeka Februwari 18, 1268 enyakatho Estonia, eduze nedolobha Rakovora.

Ilungiselela impi

Ngobusuku obandulela bashayisana wathumela umyalo wezinhloli Russian ukuze bafunde kangcono mayelana amandla wesitha. kubika zomsebenzi Ukubuyela ukuthi ekamu lesitha amaqhawe eziningi kakhulu kuphela Danish Army. izibikezelo ezingemnandi kubo kwaqinisekiswa lapho Russian Knights babona Knights of the Order Livonian. Lokhu kwaba ukuhlukumeza ngqo Evumelana ukuthula, lapho amaJalimane wavumelana Novgorod ngosuku olwandulela umkhankaso.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ibutho isitha kwakuyinto isibili namandla kunokulindelekile yi izinduna zempi isiRashiya, lwamaSlav akazange flinch. Ngokusho zemihla ahlukahlukene, empini kwakungu silinganiso - ohlangothini ngalunye, kwakukhona abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-25.

Amaqhinga yama-Jalimane

I-oda lwempi yempi Catholic kwamiswa ngokuvumelana ozithandayo amacebo zamaJalimane. Kwakuwusuku yokuthi phakathi Knights ayehlome eyizingovolo esesukuma uhlobo uqhekeko iqondiswe ekufezeni isitha.

Ukuze ilungelo yabo kwakungama-Danes. Kwesokunxele Riga nezidlamlilo. Ezinhlangothini kwakufanele ukumboza ekuhlaseleni Knights. Battle of Wesenberg akazange 1268 ngamaKatolika uzame kabusha ucabanga amacebo abo indinganiso uzivumele phansi phakathi nempi Aleksandrom Nevskim.

Ukwakhiwa amasosha Russian

ibutho Russian futhi ibilokhu ihlukaniswe ibe regiments sebuningini, ngamunye okuyinto iphethwe omunye Dukes. Ngakwesokudla wema Pereyaslavets futhi Pskov. Maphakathi kwaba Novgorod, okuyiwona Battle of Wesenberg e 1268 kwaba isiqephu juqu emzabalazweni amaJalimane. Ukuze kwesokunxele kubo itholakala Tverskaya squad ethunyelwe isikhulu uVladimir.

Ngo isakhiwo amabutho Russian ethile yayo esemqoka sase sibekiwe. Sidinga isibindi nokuthembela amakhono yempi aba namandla phambi izenzo uncoordinated of ojenene. izikhulu Russian bebaphikisana ngoba, ngubani ngumthetho wayeyinhloko wonke emkhankasweni wempi. Ngokwe-isikhundla dynastic, wathi Dmitry Alexandrovich, kodwa ayemncane, ke akamnikelanga ukuthembeka emehlweni nozakwethu abaphezulu. Isu eziphambili kakhulu Dovmont Lithuanian, kodwa kwaba kuphela Pskov voivod futhi akazange basonta uhlobo lwe Rurik.

Ngakho-ke, kulo impi amabutho Russian isinyathelo bebodwa, abenze sonakaliswe yilo Crusaders. Battle of Wesenberg, izimbangela zazo waphetha empini ye Novgorod namaKatolika, kuphela lwajula umbango phakathi izikhulu Slavic.

Ukuqala impi

Nge ekuhlaseleni Knights German waqala Battle of Wesenberg. Februwari-18 kwaba ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi amaqembu ukuba impi uyonqoba empini. Nakuba amaJalimane sahamba phambili maphakathi Tver futhi Pereyaslavl kunqanda isitha ku ezinhlangothini zazo. Pskov ibutho futhi ayizange wahlala engenzi lutho. Knights yakhe bangqubuzana ne zempi uMbhishobhi Dorpat.

Igalelo ezimbi kakhulu yawela phezu Novgorod. Babefanele nazo ekuhlaseleni "ingulube" odumile German lapho Knights edlubhe nimashe ekuthuthukiseni ngesivinini bebangalasa futhi akhukhule isitha ababevela empini. Zhivago ibutho ayewulungiselele yilokhu kushintsha kwezinto zikleliswe echelons ukuzivikela. Nokho, ngisho namaqhinga Tactical akaphinda wamsiza Novgorod ukumelana umthelela nalawo agibela amahhashi. Bona flinch lokuqala, futhi enkabeni amabutho Russian batshengise sagged bawa phansi. Kuqalwe sokuba netwetwe, kubonakala sengathi sekuzophela Battle of Wesenberg. Ukhohlwe ekunqobeni izingalo Russian yadalwa sibonga isibindi nokuphikelela kwamenza ka Dmitry Alexandrovich.

ibutho lakhe wakwazi ukunqoba eRiga nezidlamlilo. Lapho isikhulu waqaphela ukuthi ezingemuva icala ukuthatha ithuba ezimbi, washeshe waphenduka nebutho lakhe emuva hit amaJalimane omkhulu ovela ngemuva emotweni. Labo ubungasilindele ukuhlaselwa kwakwakhiwa ezinjalo.

Ukuthunyelwa wemithwalo

Ngalesi sikhathi Novgorod umbusi UYurii kakade babalekile empini. I ambalwa imiphefumulo abanesibindi yebutho lakhe, okuyinto esehlale phakathi kwababusi, bahlanganyela isikhathi phuthuma ukusiza Dmitry Alexandrovich. Ngakolunye flank Danes ekugcineni umaluju izikhundla zabo babaleka emva nabezempi yombhishobhi oshonile. Tverskaya squad akafikanga kosizo Novgorod phakathi futhi waqala ukuphishekela isitha abase bebaleka. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibutho Russian ayikwazanga ukuhlela ukumelana ehloniphekile ku-isi-German "ingulube."

Towards kusihlwa Knights kwawona lo Pereyaslavets kuhlasela yabuye yaqala ukuba azinze Novgorod. Ekugcineni, lapho kuhlwa, bababamba kulandelana Russian. Liphinde itholakala khona, futhi imishini lokuvimbezela, eyayibonakala alungele ukuvinjezelwa Storming ka Rakovora. Bonke Banikwa zona ngokushesha ubhujiswe. Nokho, kwaba kuphela impumelelo esikhethiwe amaJalimane. Battle of Wesenberg, ukukhuluma kancane, kuphela kumisiwe ngoba owawuphezu amahora emini. izimbangi Army ezabeka ngayo phansi izikhali ebusuku futhi wazama uphumule, ukuze ekugcineni ukuthola nobuhlobo babo entathakusa.

Ebusuku umkhandlu wezempi

Ebusuku ngesikhathi isikhundla wabuya Tver Regiment, ababejaha Danes. Ujoyinwe amasosha lokusinda kusuka kwamanye amayunithi. Phakathi isidumbu esatholakala imeya Novgorod Mikhail Fedorovich. Ngemva kwesikhashana ku izinduna umkhandlu waxoxa umqondo ukuhlasela amaJalimane e-ngenxa amnyama dudula isitimela ukumangala. Nokho, lo mbono kwaba entsha kakhulu, ngoba amasosha ayekhathele futhi akhishwe amandla. Kwanqunywa ukuba ulinde kuze kube sekuseni.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le ibutho lokusinda isiJalimane, kuphela esele okuvela kuyo le ukwakheka yasekuqaleni ukuba nenkani nhlanganisela bamaKatolika baqaphela usizi besimo sabo. izinduna wakhe wanquma ashona. Ngaphansi ebusuku amaJalimane ushiye kulandelana isiRashiya, futhi bengathathi naye yokukhiqiza.

imiphumela

Ekuseni ngo-ibutho Russian sifundile ukuthi amaJalimane ubalekile. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi phezu Battle of Wesenberg. Lapho ekuhlatshweni okwenzeka, amakhulu izidumbu elele khona. Izikhulu izinsuku ezintathu besendle, ukungcwaba efile, futhi ungakhohlwa ukuqoqa Trophies. Ukunqoba kwaba impi isiRashiya, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi amaJalimane wabhubhisa izinjini nokuvinjezelwa, eside nimashe towards inqaba Rakovor iba lutho. Ngaphandle amathuluzi ekhethekile bamba oluqinisayo kwakungenakwenzeka. Ayikwazanga iphendukele lokuvimbezela eside futhi ukwenza lokho, kodwa ukuthi kusukela kwasekuqaleni kwakungenjalo e amacebo Novgorod.

Ngakho-ke, amasosha Russian ebuyela ezweni lawo, emizini yabo. Nale isixazululo, hhayi kuphela wavumelana lo Pskov Prince Dovmont, ngubani kanye nabasizi bakhe waqhubeka kokuseshwa phezu emalokishini okungavikelekile Pomerania. Battle of Wesenberg, zabulala abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-15, uhlala ingqophamlando udweshu phakathi kwamasosha oda zamaKatolika nge principalities Russian.