Ubani wathola Afrika kanye unyaka

On umbuzo othi obani wathola Afrika kanye unyaka, abakwazi ukunikeza impendulo esiqondile. I ogwini olusenyakatho lwalesi Black izwekazi kahle aziwa baseYurophu kufike emuva ezikhathini zasendulo. Libya neGibithe kwakungamandla ingxenye yoMbuso WaseRoma.

Izindawo cwaningo e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, wethulwa Age isiPutukezi of Discovery. Nokho, ezindaweni yangaphakathi kwelivekati le-Afrika bahlala nhlobo kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo XIX leminyaka.

endulo

AbaseFenike eyasungulwa abahlala kule ndawo yaseMediterranean eziningana emadolobheni-amakoloni, edume kakhulu okwakukhona iCarthage. Kwakuwusuku abantu abathengisi kanye amatilosi. Babalelwa ku-600 BC abaseFenike eyenziwa emikhunjini eziningana uzihambela Afrika. Balibangisa kusukela oLwandle Olubomvu eGibhithe, saya eningizimu egudla ugu, waphetha nezwekazi, waphendukela enyakatho, wawa ekugcineni oLwandle iMedithera futhi emazweni bomdabu wabuya. Ngakho, owokuqala ukuthola Afrika, kungaba kubhekwe abaseFenike lasendulo.

I uhambo Hanno

Ilondolozwe Kahle umthombo wasendulo echaza uhambo ogwini of Senegal abaseFenike emhlabeni 500 BC. Umholi bomkhankaso kwaba itilosi waseCarthage. Lona ngumlando emidala kakhulu umhambi phakathi kwalabo wathola Afrika. Leli gama le ndoda Gannon.

iviyo lalo lemikhumbi yempi lwemikhumbi 60 babevela eCarthage, badabula Strait of Gibraltar wathutha ngasogwini Moroccan. Kube abaseFenike eyasungulwa amakoloni eziningana, futhi baqhubekela. izazi-mlando zanamuhla uyavuma ukuthi Gannon ufinyelelwe, okungenani eSenegal. Mhlawumbe nephuzu bomkhankaso baba Cameroon noma Gabon.

imikhankaso Arab

Ngu AD XIII leminyaka, eNyakatho ye-Afrika incotjwa amaSulumane. Base baqhubekela. Empumalanga, kanye neNayile elibangise eNubia, entshonalanga - yonkana Sahara ukuze Mauritania. Ulwazi olunembile ngalokho unyaka wavula Arabhu Afrika, engakaze balondolozwa. Kukholakala ukuthi ukusabalala Islam ensimini yabaNsundu zaleli zwekazi senzeka ngo IX-XIV eminyaka.

mikhankaso Early-Portuguese

BaseYurophu banesithakazelo black nezwekazi ekhulwini xv. IsiPutukezi Kunyatheliswa Enrike (Heinrich), ebizwa ngokuthi i-Navigator, ehlelekile wahlola ugu of Africa befuna indlela yasolwandle neNdiya. Ngo 1420, amaPutukezi kusungulwa zokuhlala esiqhingini Madeira, futhi 1431 wamemezela insimu yalo Azores. Lezi izindawo baye baba inkomba amaphuzu uhambo esikhathini esizayo.

Ngo 1455 futhi 1456 abacwaningi ababili Alvise Cadamosto kusukela Venice, nase-USUS di Mare Genoa imikhumbi ifinyelele umlomo Gambia futhi ugu lweNyakatho Senegal. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwenye wamazwe wase-Italy u-Antonio de Noli wathola eziqhingini Cape Verde. Kamuva waba umphathi walo wokuqala. Zonke lezi zihambi, abavule baseYurophu ukuze Afrika, babe enkonzweni amaPutukezi isikhulu Enrique. Kuhlelwe uhambo lwabo wathola Senegal, Gambia futhi Guinea.

nezifundo

Kodwa ngemva kokufa kukaHenry le Navigator, le mikhankaso isiPutukezi ngasogwini Afrika baqhubeka. Ngo 1471 Fernan Gomes wavula umhlaba ngegolide ocebile waseGhana. Ngo 1482 Diogo Kahn atholakala emlonyeni emfuleni omkhulu, futhi wafunda khona umbuso omkhulu of the Congo. IsiPutukezi esungulwe eNtshonalanga Afrika izinqaba eziningana enezivikelo eziqinile. Bathengisa ababusi bendawo kakolweni nendwangu esenana igolide nezigqila.

Kodwa ucinge indlela eya kwelaseNdiya ukuze uqhubeke. Ngo 1488, Bartolomeu Dias safinyelela njengendawo eseningizimu kakhulu ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Wabizwa ngokuthi eCape of Good Hope. Lapho uJesu ebuzwa ngesibonakaliso ngubani futhi uma ivulwa Afrika, ngokuvamile kufanele engqondweni lo mcimbi.

Ekugcineni, UVasco da Gama, washiya eCape of Good Hope, waqhubeka e 1498 safinyelela India. Endleleni wathola Mozambique kanye Mombasa, lapho athola imikhondo abathengisi Chinese.

ikoloni Dutch

Kusukela ngekhulu le-XVII, Dutch naye waqala ukungena Afrika. Zasungula eWest Indies ne-East India Company ikoloni emazweni aphesheya, futhi kwakudingeka amatheku Lesisemkhatsini ukuya Asia. I-Portuguese bezama ukumisa izifiso yeNetherlands. Bavuma ukuthi omunye umuntu avula Afrika munye, kufanele ngumnikazi zwekazi. Impi Kwalandela phakathi uthi, lapho i-Dutch wakwazi ukuthola isizinda kuleli zwekazi.

Ngo 1652 uJan van Riebeeck wasungula idolobha laseCape Town libe owawungumnyaka ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni eNingizimu Afrika.

Izifiso of kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu

Ngaphezu amaPutukezi kanye Dutch, nezinye lithi nazo bafuna ukusungula ikoloni kulelivekati. Bonke ngezinga elithile angabizwa ngokuthi yilabo wathola Afrika, ngoba insimu ka-sub-Saharan Afrika ngaleso sikhathi yayingaziwa nhlobo ngokuphelele, futhi uhambo ngalunye wenza izinto ezintsha.

Kakade ngo-1530 abathengisi British baqala ukuhweba eNtshonalanga Afrika, okwase kuza ezingqubuzana amabutho isiPutukezi. Ngo 1581 Frensis Dreyk ifinyelele eCape of Good Hope. Ngo 1663, i-British eyakhelwe Fort James eGambia.

France has iso layo ku-Madagascar. Ngo 1642 amaFulentshi-East India Company isungule settlement nasengxenyeni eseningizimu ebizwa Fort Dauphin. Eten De flacourtia ishicilele memoir ngesikhathi sakhe eMadagascar, lapho isikhathi eside wakhonza njengephayona umthombo oyinhloko ulwazi mayelana isiqhingi.

Ngo-1657 i-abathengisi Swedish wasungula zokuhlala Cape Coast e-Ghana, kodwa ngokushesha baxoshwa yi Danes, ngubani wasungula Fort Christiansborg eduze banamuhla Accra.

Ngo 1677, i-Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm ngathumela uhambo ukuya ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Afrika. Umlawuli bomkhankaso, uCaptain Blonk eyakhelwe settlement ngokuthi isiyonke Fridrihburg futhi abuyiselwe i ishiywe Portuguese ezinqabeni Arguin. Kodwa ngo-1720, inkosi benquma ukuthengisa base eNetherlands for 7000 ducats.

Izifundo kwekhulu XIX

Ngo XVII-XVIII eminyaka, lonke ugu lwe-Afrika ibilokhu wafunda kahle. Kodwa kuleyo nsimu enkulu yezwekazi lase-ingxenye enkulu ezahlala 'indawo elimhlophe ". Labo abaye wathola Afrika, babematasa kokukhipha inzuzo kunokuba ucwaningo lwesayensi. Kodwa maphakathi nekhulu XIX kanye maphakathi nezwe bebelokhu isihloko isithakazelo baseYurophu. Ngo-1848-ke wavulwa Mount Kilimanjaro, phezu embozwe iqhwa. I engavamile ubunjalo Afrika, obelungaziwa ngaphambili izilwane nezitshalo ahehe ososayensi European.

Catholic nezithunywa zevangeli YamaProthestani nabo wafuna engena ijule zwekazi ukuba bashumayele ubuKristu phakathi kwalabo engayazi izizwe.

uDavid Livingstone

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX baseYurophu wayazi kahle uphi Afrika. Kodwa kakhulu ayiqondakali kahle ukuthi ngaphakathi. Omunye wabantu eyathola Afrika kusukela ikota ezingalindelekile, wayeyisithunywa sevangeli Scottish uDavid Livingstone. Wenza abangane nabantu bendawo futhi ngokokuqala wavakashela izindawo ezikude kakhulu zaleli zwekazi.

Ngo 1849 Livingstone awela yakhiwa uGwadule LwaseKalahari futhi kwahlangana ezazingaziwa ukuthi baseYurophu kwabaThwa isizwe. Ngo-1855, ngenkathi kuhanjwa ngebhayisikili eMfuleni iZambezi , wavula i-ubuhle emangalisa kwe-waterfall, okuyinto uye wakhetha ukunika igama British Queen Victoria. Emuva eBrithani, uLivingstone wanyathelisa incwadi ngohambo lwakhe, labo ababebanga ukuba isithakazelo okungakaze waqhubeka ukuthengisa 70,000 amakhophi.

Ngo 1858, umcwaningi wabuyela emuva Afrika. Watadisha ngokuningiliziwe Lake Isi-Nyasa nasezindaweni ezizungezile. incwadi yesibili lalotshwa ekupheleni uhambo. Ngemva kwalokho Livingstone uhlaziyo ngohambo lwakhe lwesithathu nolokugcina. Injongo yalo kwaba ukuthola seNayile. Livingstone uhlole Lakes. Umthombo saseNayile, akawutholi, kodwa esikuyi abaningi ensimini ezazingaziwa.

Livingston wayengeyena nje i umcwaningi oluvelele kodwa futhi sezifundo okukhulu. Wamelana ubugqila noma ubandlululo.

Ngakho eyathola Afrika?

Okuwukuphela impendulo efanele lo mbuzo alikho. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ayengobani wathola Afrika kanye unyaka. Futhi hhayi nje ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye esenyakatho yaleli zwekazi is abantu yeYurophu owaziwa kusukela kudala. Kodwa futhi ngoba Afrika - lapho kudabuka khona umuntu. It engakaze ivulekile. It Afrika ababethunjiwe babeyiswa ukuthola nakwamanye amazwekazi futhi wababeka.