Ravelin - a ... Odume ravelins Russian

Ravelin - lokhu ingenye yezinto inkanyezi okuthiwa Fort ukuthi sekukhona ngenkathi ezikhathini zanamuhla (XVII-XIX leminyaka). Uyini ravelin? Lisho ukuthini igama elithi kwaleli gama? Futhi lokho umsebenzi Senza e izinqaba?

Elements inkanyezi Fort

Nge ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha wezikhali ekhulwini XVI, ezihambisana ukubukeka kanye nekwentiwa ncono njalo nenqaba izinqaba izinhlelo. izinqaba Medieval nezigodlo ababange besakwazi ukuba ngimbuze ngokugcwele entsha yokulwa izibhamu. Izindonga wezinqaba nje akugcine ukuhlaselwa zazo ezinamandla. Ngakho, izindonga wakhela ephansi-ukulalelisisa eyinhloko ukujiya yabo. ngokushesha kwemibhoshongo Tall indawo zintaba, okuyinto phezu kwesikhathi zithinta imbulunga esikhulu kahle ezicatshangwe ngokuya fomu.

Kukhona izakhi eziningana (izinhlobo) inkanyezi nqaba. Ziyakwazi:

• okuvimbezela;
• kwesihenqo;
• ravelins;
• redyuity;
• enqabeni.

Uyini ravelin? Futhi iyoba yini indima idlala ku izinqaba? Okuningi mayelana nalesi Kuzoxoxwa.

Ravelin - a ...

Leli gama lihlanganisa inkulumo ka-Latin (ravelere) noma isi-Italian (ravellino) umsuka. Okwakushiwo "inyanga nengxenye" (Accent endaweni elungile kusithombe ilunga lokugcina) - "ahlukaniswe" noma "ukusika." Yileyo ndlela kungenziwa elihunyushwe kusuka Latin.

Ravelin -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, i term yezakhiwo ukuthi is kabanzi ezindabeni zezempi. Lokhu extra izinqaba, elise phakathi zibuswa emibili elandelanayo futhi umsele phambi inqaba. In the plan, ngokuvamile esingunxantathu shape.

Ngokuvamile Ravelin ine uhlobo itshe ipherimitha ezinamandla casemates ngokufaka sharpshooters kanye wezikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphakama ipherimitha kufanele kube 1-1.5 amamitha ngezansi ezindongeni eyinhloko inqaba. I ravelins izinqaba zenzelwe imisebenzi ezibalulekile eziningana. zingabantu:

• amboze emaphakathi izindonga zomuzi kusuka ngqo ezingontuluntulu;
• angenze ukuhlasela amabutho esitha;
• okuhlushwa esetshenziselwa amasosha ukuba balwe.

Ravelin kabanzi eYurophu cishe iminyaka engamakhulu amane (kusukela XVI ukuze XIX). Abaningi babo ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla, ikakhulukazi, ensimini ka-Russia.

ravelins Akwaziwa Russia

Mhlawumbe kunazo yesiteleka izibonelo ravelins ensimini ka Russia yesimanje ezakhiwa Petersburg - U-Alexis and St John. Babizwa ngokuthi ngu amagama oyisihlobo esiseduze sikaPeter Omkhulu: ngokulandelana, behlonipha uyise nomfowabo e yokudumisa umbusi. Omunye wabo (uSanta uJohane) ingabonwa ngaphakathi inqaba namuhla.

Alexis Ravelin ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, maye, yabhujiswa. Kwenzeka inqaba, wakhonza njengephayona hhayi kuphela isakhiwo ukuzivikela, kodwa futhi ejele inqaba. Kuyo, Decembrists eziningi kanye nezitha umbuso tsarist zenziwe. Ejele Alexeyev Ravelin wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-1884.

Enye Ravelin owaziwa itholakala Sebastopol. It is uthango enamandla lakhiwa ngo-1840 ukuze ivikele lo muzi we bay ekuhlaselweni lwemikhumbi isitha ukuze ulwandle. Okubizwa ngokuthi Konstantinovsky ibhethri Sevastopol odlale indima enkulu emlandweni kabili: ngesikhathi YaseCrimea (1854-1855) kanye neMpi Yezwe II.

isiphetho

Ravelin - isakhiwo ukusekelwa Fort ukuzivikela, okuye kabanzi kusukela maphakathi nekhulu XVII. Imisebenzi esemqoka ngalesi luhlobo ezimbili: angenze ukuhlaselwa isitha futhi ukuvikela inqaba esitheni ezingontuluntulu.