Izimpi Balkan

nezimpi ezimbili Balkan senzeka ngemva nje kokuba ama-War lokuqala Umhlaba. Izimpi okuqala ayengelona luyingxenye emancipatory, uhlamvu anti-Turkish. Izifundo zokulandelisa kwabangelwa kuwukuphikisana phakathi abawinile kule mpi kuqala.

I Balkan Izimpi (esigabeni sokuqala) avunyelwe wokukhipha-Turks esuka eYurophu. Union of Serbia, Greece, Montenegro futhi eBulgaria lahlela ukuba libe atshontsha uMbuso WaseTurkey zonke Holdings endaweni European. Ngemva kwalokho, ngokuqondene ekuthuthukiseni kuwukuphikisana kuleyo nsimu Union, abanye babuyela abaseTurkey. Ngokuvamile, izimpi Balkan kwabangela okubi kakhulu obengeziwe kuwukuphikisana inqubomgomo angaphandle. Lezi elwa ngezinga elithile asheshisa Ukubheduka kweMpi lokuqala Umhlaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izimpi Balkan nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe lempi. Phakathi izimpi wasebenzisa izindiza ezintsha, ngwenya, izimoto zempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waqinisekiswa, futhi ukubaluleka isibhamu omkhulu, izibhamu kanye wezikhali umlilo.

Okokuqala Balkan neMpi okwaqala ngo-October 9 1912 30 th May 1913. Kule nkathi, iMontenegro, iSerbia, Greece kanye Bulgaria kuyi-Union, olwisana ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Abantu aseBalkan kwakufanele wokufeza umsebenzi obalulekile mlando wenkululeko kazwelonke ekucindezelweni izinduna nabaseTurkey. Nokho, ezinye backwardness ka abantukazana nobuthakathaka sabasebenzi, ukungenela amandla lingabacindezeli ezindabeni enhlonhlweni kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba akuyona izinguquko, futhi izindlela ezempi.

Balkan Union eliholwa onxiwankulu Serbian futhi Bulgarian ebesifuna nanini ibuse izinguqulo kakhulu zaseMakedoniya. abameleli Bulgarian Kusolwa ngokujoyina weBhodi Western yaseThrace futhi Thessaloniki ukufinyelela i-Aegean Sea. Njengoba sihambisana nale, ababusi abangamaSerbia ibalwa lalilifunda Adriatic Sea by ukwehlukana Albania.

Ukusheshisa Yokuqala Balkan neMpi ecasulwa nokuvukela e-Albania nabangu-Macedonia, empini Russian-Turkish. Isizathu sokuba isimemezelo ekuqaleni ukunyakaza okuhlaselayo kwaba mayelana nokwenqatshwa kokunikezwa ukuzimela ukubuswa abaseTurkey yaseThrace futhi eMakedoniya, futhi ayeke ukuthi yayizothumela amasosha ayo Turkish.

Montenegro kokugqashuka kuqala izingxabano ku 9 Okthoba 1912 October 18, impi ukuthatha lonke Union (iBulgaria, iSerbia, Greece). Ngokusho uhlelo obambisene nabo, ibutho Turkish obekumele ukuzobhidliza azowalekelela e-Asia Minor. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amabutho angumfelandawonye kuno-Turks, hhayi kuphela e inombolo kodwa futhi izingalo, futhi izinga lokuqeqeshwa yamasosha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ibutho yoMbuso WaseTurkey lidlule kabusha.

Lisho okukhulu Eastern ibutho Turkish oye wahlupheka yaseThrace. Wawela umngcele, ibutho wokuqala nowesithathu Bulgarian wahlulwa isakhiwo wesithathu abaseTurkey. Ngemva kokunqotshwa ezigungu wesine empumalanga ibutho WaseTurkey babaleka. amabutho Bulgarian ezimiswe Chataldzhinskih izikhundla, zaqiniswa kakhulu ngokwanele.

Eningizimu Macedonia amabutho ngesiGreki babe onqobayo empini Yenice futhi lasungula okuhlukumezayo Salonika, okuyinto sasekelwa kokuhlasela Bulgarian. AmaGreki, ngaphezu kwalokho, kusekelwa ibutho Serbian futhi kugqugquzelwa eMakedoniya.

On Aegean Sea yayibuswa ngoxhaxha ngesiGreki.

I impumelelo emazweni ilungu Balkan Union ezimpini ningabeki isikhubekiso phambi nezinye imibuso emikhulu ebalulwa inselele ngokwanele. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Russia wesaba ukuthi ukunqoba inhlokodolobha Turkish eBulgaria angase abuze umbuzo eStraits nangaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle for tsarist. Ngakho-ke, i-emperor Russian ahlinzekwa ukumisa impi bese uya izingxoxo zokuthula.

Ngenxa yalokho, kuyinkimbinkimbi imvelo international, behluleka uthwebule Istanbul Bulgarian kwaphethwa ngokuthi kuthula phakathi Serbia futhi Bulgaria ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi Turkey - ngakolunye. Nokho, maduzane nje, kwaba nobutha yaphinde yaqhubeka. Kuphela emva kokunqotshwa entsha ye-Turkish ibutho ukuxolelana Isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi wonke amazwe Union ne-Turkey.

The Second Balkan neMpi kwabangelwa kuwukuphikisana ngaphakathi Union. Amazwe uzwakalise ukunganeliseki zabo imiphumela impi 1st. imisebenzi Military yayiqhutshelwa phakathi Turkey, eMontenegro, Romania, Greece neSerbia ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi Bulgaria ngakolunye.

Ngenxa yalokho we baseBulgaria elwa elahlekile ingxenye enkulu ye insimu ka Romania wasuka Triple Alliance , futhi sathuthela eduze le Entente. Bulgaria ngokwayo idluliswa kakhudlwana Bloc Austro-German.