Ukuze kusizwe umfundi: isifinyezo kanye nokuhlaziywa "Matryona" A. I. Solzhenitsyna

Ukudala Soviet Russian umbhali A. I. Solzhenitsyna libhekisela emakhasini yesiteleka kakhulu futhi okuphawulekayo kwezincwadi zethu. Okufanela eyinhloko ukuze umfundi ukuthi umbhali ophoqelelwe abantu ukucabanga ngomlando wami, mayelana Amakhasi esinzima emlandweni, wathi iqiniso ngesihluku mayelana oda eziningi ezinonya kokubusa kweSoviet futhi wadalula izimpande phansi ngokomoya kamuva - emva Perestroyka - izizukulwane. Indaba "Matryona 'ngayo ngokuqondene nalokhu, ukwambulwa kakhulu.

Umlando zendalo futhi kwakhe Motifs

Ngakho, umlando ekudalweni nokuhlaziya. "Matryona" libhekisela izindaba, nakuba ubukhulu salo kunalelo nohlaka yendabuko wathi zemibhalo. Wawuthi ngo-1959 futhi ishicilelwe - ngenxa yemizamo nemizamo Tvardovsky, umhleli we okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi umagazini tetemibhalo "INguqulo Yezwe Elisha" - ngo-1963, ngemva kweminyaka emine okulindelwe - esifushane kakhulu isikhathi umlobi iye yahlala emakamu nge ngehlazo "isitha abantu "hlaza emva kokushicilelwa" Ngelinye ilanga Ivana Denisovicha. "

Siyaqhubeka ukuhlaziya. "Matryona" a baxgeki okuqhubekayo lekubuka umsebenti aqinile futhi zibaluleke ngaphezu "One Day ...". Uma izindaba mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani isiboshwa Shukhov umfundi athumba eseyintsha indaba, isibindi ukuze ukhethe ingqikithi bese isethulo yayo, amandla accusatory eyibhalela ka Matryona kuyabamangaza ulimi emangalisayo, buciko ophilayo izwi Russian futhi ophakeme kunabo icala zokuziphatha, ongokomoya kuphela, zazo zigcwele ekhasini lomkhiqizo. USolzhenitsyn kuhlelwe ukuqamba indaba ngale ndlela: "Kuyinto awubalulekile edolobhaneni ngaphandle umuntu olungileyo" kuya main theme kanye umqondo waqale amangalelwe. Kodwa ukucwaninga sekunzima ezingabanjwanga ezishaqisayo ngakho ngoba eSoviet yizwe elingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu igama amafilosofi ngoba la mazwi umbhali ifakwe ekupheleni komsebenzi wakhe, osesikhundleni ke igama Heroine. Nokho, indaba nje won permutation.

Yini enye Kubalulekile ukwazi, ekuqhubekeni ukuhlaziywa? "Matryona" libhekisela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi izincwadi yasemakhaya, kufanele siphawula ukubaluleka zalo eziyisisekelo kuleli umkhuba art Russian ngamazwi. Ubuqotho ukunemba eziqanjiwe nombhali, isikhundla kanzima zokuziphatha nesisa kuqiniswa, ukungakwazi ukuba ahlehle, umuntu njengoba censors yafuna nemibandela ziye zabangela okwengeziwe abacindezela indaba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, nenkanyezi, isibonelo ocacile abalobi - uSolzhenitsyn wesimanje nezinye. isikhundla kombhali alikwazanga ngokugcwele ezihlobana ngayo nesihloko esikhulu imisebenzi. Futhi Ubengeke acele okuhlukile, elandisa Matryona ulungile, osekhulile ongumlimi wesifazane kusukela Hamlet Talnovo abahlala kakhulu ukuthi akekho iyona "angaphakathi ', ekuqaleni emaphandleni aseRussia.

Nge-prototype Heroine uSolzhenitsyn wayazi mathupha. Eqinisweni, uthi ngaye ngokwakhe - wezempi wangaphambili, owachitha iminyaka eyishumi emakamu nasekudingisweni, kakhulu ukhathele ubunzima nokungalungi zokuphila futhi emphefumulweni owomileyo ekuphumuleni e kwathula ezolile futhi nemudronoy yesifundazwe. Futhi Matrona Vasilevna Grigoreva - ke Matrona Zakharova Miltsevo kusukela esigodini, endlini kuyiphi shot Aleksandr Isaevich engela. Ukuphila Matrona kwendaba - isiphetho kwezobuciko generalized yangempela owesifazane ezilula ezimbalwa Russian.

Isihloko kanye umqondo umsebenzi

Labo abaye funda indaba, ukuze sibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi ukuhlaziywa. "Matryona" - uhlobo emzekelisweni bessrebrenitse, owesifazane emangalisa nomusa nezloblivosti. ukuphila kwayo konke - ukukhonza abantu. Wasebenza epulazini ngoba "kosuku-izinti", walahlekelwa impilo, kodwa akatholanga impesheni. I ride emzini, zizikhandle ngaye, futhi ungathandi ekukhonondeni, umkhulungwane, kulapho funa into. Kodwa lapho usihlalo Kolkhoz kudingeka ukuya emsebenzini wokuvuna noma Ukuhlakula ukhula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubi noma uzizwe ngokwabo Matrona, futhi namanje kwaba kwangisiza yimbangela ejwayelekile. Futhi uma omakhelwane ubuzwa isandla sokumba amazambane - ziziphatha kahle. Ngangingazithinti inkokhelo ngomsebenzi, bathokoza zashaya ongamazi sokuvuna ocebile futhi alunamhawu, lapho amazambane zawo zazilotshiwe okuhle, nakuba ngemuva.

"Matryona" - indaba esekelwe kokuma kombhali oluyimfihlakalo umphefumulo Russian. Kuyinto lokhu umphefumulo Heroine. Ngaphandle, Homely ophilayo kakhulu kabi, cishe nische, kuba banemali eningi futhi enhle ezweni kwangaphakathi, ukukhanyiselwa yakhe. Angizange befuna ingcebo, futhi zonke kukuhle - imbuzi, grey cat izinyonga, izitshalo iraba ekamelweni eliphezulu kodwa amaphela. Hhayi ukuba izingane zabo, ubekhulisa futhi inakekelwa Cyrus - indodakazi ex-isoka. Unika ke ingxenye eqhugwaneni, futhi ngesikhathi ezokuthutha, ekusizeni die ngaphansi amasondo isitimela.

Ukuhlaziya umkhiqizo "Matryona" kusiza zembula ethakazelisayo. Phakathi nokuphila wabantu Matryona UVasil imbangela kakhulu izihlobo ezizungezile nangokudideka, ukucasuka ukulahlwa. Labo odade Heroine, "ulilela" ke, nilile ukuthi lutho wasala ngakho emva izinto noma iminotho, balinda bese lutho. Kodwa nge sekufeni kwakhe kwakuhamba kahle acime edolobhaneni ezinye ilangabi, nakuba mnyama, Duller, nakakhulu kwaba. Phela, kwaba ukuthi Matrona sokulunga, esiza ophethe izwe, futhi ngaphandle kulo akufanele emzaneni noma idolobha, noma Umhlaba ngokwawo.

Yebo, Matrona - Isalukazi athuthumelayo. Kodwa kuyokwenzekani kithi uma enjalo lapha abalindi lokugcina lwesintu, ingokomoya, imfudumalo umusa nokuhamba na? Yilokho ngakho futhi lisenza sicabange mayelana umbhali ...