Uyini amandla electromotive

Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa uyini electromotive amandla amandla umthombo futhi siyini ubuhlobo bayo nabanye kwemigomo circuit. Vele uqaphele, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke sisuke ngempumelelo besebenzisa izinto zikagesi, imithetho abaningi baye etholakala empirically futhi siluthathe kalula. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu izizathu ngokweqile eyinkimbinkimbi izincazelo. Ngeshwa, ngisho amandla electromotive, ukuthi isisekelo ubunjiniyela kagesi, esikhanyayo ngendlela yokuthi umuntu engazazi ugesi, ukuqonda into enzima ngempela. Thina ukuchaza inkinga ngosizo imigomo ecacile ngamunye, futhi izibonelo.

ukunyakaza kokuqondisa izinhlayiya icala umqhubi ubizwa ngokuthi "kagesi". Njengoba wazi, zonke izinto zezwe lethu impahla zenziwe ngama-athomu. Ngenxa ukucaciseleka kuthathwa ngokuthi athomu ngalinye umelwe ngesimo izigidi encishisiwe izikhathi model sonozungezilanga: maphakathi nengaphakathi futhi at amabanga ehlukene kulo omise oyisiyingi esingamakhilomitha electron ilingise.

Ngu yimuphi umthelela zangaphandle umqhubi ukwakha ngesimiso somshini esivalekile, amandla electromotive ekhiqizwa futhi kukhona i kagesi. Umthelela "sidilize out" Valence electron kusukela omise kwabo ngama-athomu ngakho ekhiqizwa electron mahhala futhi ion kahle icala.

amandla Electromotive kuyadingeka ukuze "amandla" amacala siqhubekele ngokusebenzisa umqhubi kanye izakhi wesifunda indlela ethile. Ngaphandle kwayo, lamanje cishe ngokushesha ucime. Uhlobo ukuthi ungamandla electromotive, kuzovumela Ukuqhathanisa ugesi namanzi. Straight ipayipi kwesigaba - lokhu umqhubi. amaqembu yayo emibili ke engena imizimba amanzi. Inqobo nje uma amazinga amanzi kule amadamu bayalingana futhi akukho kuphambuka, uketshezi kule pipe umile.

Ngokusobala, ukuthola ukuba athuthele ngezindlela ezintathu: ukudala umehluko ukuphakama (ubandlululo noma inani uketshezi kule amadamu) noma amandla futha. Iphuzu elibalulekile: Uma sikhuluma iconsi mpo (umehluko engaba), lokho kusho ukuthi ukucindezeleka. Ukuze EMF ukunyakaza efanayo "ophoqelelwe" ngoba amabutho ngaphandle ezithinta, nonpotential.

Nanoma imuphi umthombo kagesi ine EMF - ungamandla isekela ukuhamba izinhlayiya icala (e esifanisweni esisenze amabutho elandelayo ukuthutha amanzi). Ayephila e volts. Igama liyazikhulumela: EMF ephawula umsebenzi enamathiselwe ingxenye yochungechunge amabutho angaphandle ukuthi enze displacement unit ngayinye icala komunye isigxobo kwenye (emkhatsini terminals). Kuyinto anda ilingane ratio umsebenzi amabutho angaphandle enamathiselwe ukubaluleka icala ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla.

Ngokungaqondile kudingeka umthombo EMF kungenziwa etholakala umthetho ukulondolozwa amandla kanye izakhiwo umqhubi. Esikhathini avaliwe emsebenzini wokujikeleza yasensimini ukunyakaza amacala zero. Nokho, umqhubi ukufuthelana (kanye namandla wamanje emikhulu sidlula ke per unit isikhathi). Siphetfo: wesifunda kufanele khona inani amandla zangaphandle. Wathi amabutho ngaphandle - lokhu magnetic field ugesi, ama-electron, okuthakazelisayo njalo; amandla zamakhemikhali e amabhethri.

Amandla electromotive ka lokungeniswa yaqale waphawula Ucwaningo ngo-1831 ngu-physics Faraday. Wathola ukuthi umqhubi-igcwale imigqa umfutho kushintshana kazibuthe amakhulu, i kagesi. Exposure nensimu imibiko electron yangaphandle ku athomu amandla angekho kubo, okubangela ukuba bahlukane bese uqalisa ukuhambisa (notshwala lamanje). Yiqiniso, ukuhamba ngqo izinhlayiya alikho (abakwazi sikhumbule kwezinto ka axioms kagesi). Kunalokho, kuba ukushintshana izinhlayiya phakathi kwama-athomu eliseduze.

Yasungulwa ngu-force electromotive - kuba isici sangaphakathi yimuphi umthombo wamandla.