Izintaba ngokubabazekayo eNingizimu Melika. Uhlolojikelele entabeni izinhlelo Ningizimu Melika

I-Ningizimu Melika abantu kwethu kunjengoba ongaqondakali njengoba efanayo e-Australia, empeleni nje njengoba engenakufinyeleleka, engacabangeki engaqondakali. On kulotshiwe eziningi adventure izincwadi futhi isuswe esilinganayo engengaphansi adventure amafilimu. Jungle, izinkawu, izingwenya, piranha - konke lokhu kufanele ngempela khona okuhle isinyathelo movie, futhi konke ngokuphelele nobuntu eNingizimu Melika.

South American Ukhahlamba

Kodwa akugcini enjalo izinto stereotypical abakhona kuleli zwekazi. Omunye izici ezithakazelisayo kakhulu kwezwe ezintabeni Ningizimu Melika. Abakwazi ukuba achazwe izwi labalinye lokuthi: "okungcono." Ngoba cishe zonke izici bona 'ukunqoba' ezinye izintaba zomhlaba. Ngakho, ezintabeni South America - iketanga elide. Ubude yabo Imininingwane ifinyelela cishe namakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye amakhilomitha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ziya inombolo enkulu lamazwe - asezindaweni eziyisikhombisa uthi.

Kuphela ukuphakama entabeni eNingizimu Melika izinhlelo uyohlala endaweni yesibili: zingabantu ngaphambi zaseHimalaya. Ziyakwazi abawinile ukucacisa iphuzu esiphezulu emhlabeni. Nokho, siphawula, iyona intaba ephakeme eNingizimu Melika - Aconcagua - futhi ngokushesha lulandela Everest, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi iyona Isiqongo esiphakeme salo lonke Nenkabazwe. Futhi Aconcagua - kuyinto intabamlilo yokuqothulwa mncintiswano ngoba ukuphakama lonke kwi entabeni, kusukela intabamlilo ephakeme emhlabeni alusekho. Lona entabeni ngobukhulu eNingizimu Melika itholakala endaweni Argentina futhi ukuphakama cishe ayisikhombisa amakhilomitha (6,960 m).

ingcebo entabeni

Igama layo - Andes - ezintabeni Ningizimu Melika Uthole, singasho, kusukela Inca lasendulo. Igama elithi "anta" ngolimi lwabo kwakusho "sethusi entabeni". Kubonakala sengathi ama-Inca ezingaphezu kuka namanye amaminerali zenani lokhu metal, uma kunjalo okuthiwa ezintabeni yabo. Akukhona nje zethusi ocebile Andes yaseNingizimu Melika. Kukhona izinsimbi athuthukile kanye nezinye. Phakathi kwabo, phambili, i-zinc, ithini ngisho vanadium. Futhi wathola ezifakwa ocebile of amatshe ayigugu - platinum kanye zegolide misela futhi eliphezulu emeralds.

Elaliphansi kwamagquma Andes kukhona uwoyela negesi Amasimu (ikakhulu e Venezuela), nakuba bengebona Ubaluleke njengoba e-Iraq noma Saudi Arabia.

Lesi sigaba kwendawo ezintabeni

South American zokhahlamba ozungezayo lonke izwekazi kusuka entshonalanga nasenyakatho. ububanzi ingenkulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne obuphelele - amakhilomitha angamakhulu amathathu "kuphela". Kodwa ngenxa yobude bayo omkhulu Andes - ezintabeni Ningizimu Melika - isinqumo sokusabalalisa izingxenye eziningana, okuyinto babizwa nangokuthi 'namahlukuzo. " Zokuma kwendawo ezine "ingxenye" enjalo.

Enyakatho nasentshonalanga

Ingxenye yokuqala - Northern Andes. Umbuso wasenyakatho kakhulu eNingizimu neMelika (plus esiqhingini Trinidad) - lena ezintabeni iphansana, uhamba ogwini. Futhi zihlanganisa afanayo ephakeme Cordillera de Mérida, esemgwaqweni entshonalanga, futhi isistimu elingalodwa Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, elise kakade ogwini Pacific. Intaba ephakeme kunazo eNingizimu Melika kule ngxenye Andes - Colon Cristobal (5,744 km).

Western Andes ukusebenzisa kuhambisana emaphakathi, kakhulu, kuhlanganise ulwandle, ukuhlanganisa ibe backbone olulodwa kakade e-Ecuador. Phakathi kwabo kukhona izintaba-mlilo - kokubili yokuqothulwa futhi esebenzayo. Phakathi kwabo - entabeni esibili aphakeme e-Ningizimu Melika (Chimborazo). Lokhu kubuye kwentaba-mlilo, efana Aconcagua, kodwa ngezansi ayi-700. Lapha kukhona manje-mlilo eliphakeme - Cotopaxi. Kodwa ukuphakama litholakala futhi amakhilomitha ayisithupha.

South nasempumalanga

Eastern Andes, futhi, zaziphawuleka nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo. Lapha abasakwazi okusezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa kusese ngaphasi kwamaphesende ahlangana Cotopaxi. Nakuba isilinganiso siyizinsuku kanjalo ingxenye ephakeme kakhulu Southern Cordillera ubizwa nangokuthi entabeni eNingizimu Melika.

Chilean-Argentina ingxenye - le encane e-Andes. Kwezinye izindawo kuyehla kube olulodwa khahlamba, ebizwa aseCordillera main. Lapha kulapho Aconcagua. Hhayi ibe ngaphansana kwesigamu sezwe isiqongo yeqoqo - nezintaba-mlilo eziqhumayo namuhla.

Futhi ekugcineni, Southern Andes. Kule ngxenye ezintabeni ezwekazini futhi bephonsa, kanye isiqongo evelele kunazo zonke - amakhilomitha amathathu nengxenye nje.

Ukwakheka Andes: Esikhathini Esidlule Nanamuhla

Ukuphakama isilinganiso eningizimu Cordillera, ngokuma kwezwe izibalo - amakhilomitha amane. Izintaba usemncane ngokwanele, kodwa iningi labo kakade usuqede kumiswa. Manje kukhona kancane nokubhujiswa kwabo. It is yanda khona eseduze elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, okuyinto cishe ulingeka ezintabeni. On ibalazwe eNingizimu neMelika kungabonakala ngokucacile ukuthi usondele kangakanani amanzi kufanelekile. Imimoya isuke endaweni olwandle futhi umoya zinomswakama kunonophisa luhlelo ekubhujisweni, futhi ngenxa yalokho ezintabeni iphelelwa ngonyaka cishe noma ingaba isentimitha nje ubude.

Nokho, umnikelo owenziwe, nokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, okuyinto, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, abaningi e-Andes, futhi nabaningi babo namanje asebenzayo. Siyabonga kubo, abanye iphakama namanje "ukukhula", ukuze ukuphakama isilinganiso uhlelo ayiguquki.

A ezihlukahlukene izintaba-South America

Ezindaweni ezahlukene Andes zihluke kakhulu nesimo sendawo kanye nesimo sendawo, nohlaza. Lokhu kungenxa, okokuqala, iqiniso lokuthi izingxenye eligoqiwe sentaba ububanzi e kwezinkathi ezahlukene umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Futhi okwesibili, yokuthi Southern Cordillera lide kakhulu futhi ewela ngu esishintshashintshayo zemvelo eziningana.

I Ingcenye ephakathi yesigaba Andes yi abandayo zamanje ze-Peruvian uthola indawo pretty cool. Ngezihlahla futhi lisendaweni ngokuthi Puna lokushisa aliphumi engaphezu kuka-10 futhi ngezinye izikhathi lehla futhi -25 degrees. Lapha kukhona eyomile kakhulu emhlabeni Atacama Desert.

Wik-Andes - kuyinto esihle. Futhi nakuba esikhathini nyanga yaziwa ngokushisa kakhulu emoyeni engakutholi efudumele ngenhla 15, kuba ezinomswakama kakhulu futhi imvula eningi - inala iqhwa ezimanzi noma imvula.

Ngakho, uma uhambo kusukela komunye umkhawulo ezintabeni South America, ufakaze izingxenye kakhulu kwesimo sezulu.

ukucaca isikhalazo

Wik Cordillera, sibonga ukuphakama kwalo futhi okungajwayelekile, ezithakazelisayo kakhulu bezintaba. Lapha kuvela emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise eRussia, futhi zivela kwezinye izingxenye ze ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union.

Ethandwa kakhulu ukugibela ezimbili "into": intaba ephakeme eNingizimu Melika, okungukuthi, Aconcagua, futhi Alpamayo ezimatasa. Okokuqala ohlwini ubhekwa elula ngempela ukuba banqobe. Gora ezikhangayo, kunalokho, ngokunembile ngenxa yokuphakama kwawo kanye nemibono. Nokho, i-ekunqotshweni Aconcagua ekhuphuka kudingeka uye wajabulela izenzakalo ezimnandi, ukukhuthazela obukhulu onokwethenjelwa Umoya-mpilo omncane. Ingozi bamazwe ugxile sezulu esiguquguqukayo endaweni Aconcagua. izinguquko wakhe ngokuzumayo futhi wenze entabeni okunjalo okuyingozi.

Enye into - Alpamayo. It kubhekwa ungenakunqotshwa kakhulu eNingizimu Melika phakathi kwi-top ten "inkinga" global zezintaba. I-engeli phakathi "izindonga" futhi phansi Alpamayo ifinyelela degrees 60. Ngisho abaqwali enakho ngokuvamile musa uvuke inxenye yentaba. Saqhamuka unit phezulu. Futhi okokuqala Alpamayo wathotshiswa ngo-1951, abaqwali amabili evela emkhankasweni Belgian-French.

Phakathi Wabasaqalayo abaqwali kubhekwe ukunyukela ezithakazelisayo kuya Cotopaxi. Intaba-mlilo noma evumelekile, kodwa manje ulele. Njengezinye iphakama eminingi, Yangihlaba umxhwele kakhulu akukhona okokuqala. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, abaqwali ezimbili wazama ekhuphukela phezulu wehluleka. Kuyinto, isimiso, akumangalisi, kodwa esidumazayo ukuthi baye abakwazi unqobe kuphela wokugcina 300 metres.

Naphezu kokuhlaselwa okukhulu zikhathi ezinzima umzila, Cotopaxi isiyatholakala ngisho walungisa lisha. Into esemqoka - ungakhohlwa ukuba sigqoke ngokufudumele, phezu lokushisa kuyaqabukela kunqoba -10.

Umniningwane othakazelisayo yisidingo uhambo ngobusuku obubodwa: kumelwe ubuyele ekamu singakapheli iqhwa encibilikisiwe kusukela yabahamba ngezinyawo.

Ngakho ukuthi ezintabeni South America ezithakazelisa bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene kakhulu, futhi uma ungakwazi, iya khona kumele nakanjani.