Imphawu letibalulekile a eziphilayo. Izibonakaliso eyinhloko izilwane zasendle

Isayensi yanamuhla uhlukanisa yonke nesimo sakhe Animate eziphilayo nezingaphili. Uma uthi nhlá, yilesi sigaba kungase kubonakale kulula, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukuba unqume ukuthi othile into imvelo ufile ngempela noma cha. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi izakhiwo eyisisekelo, izimpawu ephilayo - kuyinto ukukhula nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha. ososayensi abaningi basebenzisa izinqubo eziyisikhombisa zokuphila eziphilayo noma izimpawu ukuthi kwehlukaniswe imvelo ezingaphili ophilayo.

Kuyini nobuntu akubo bonke abahlala

Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo:

• Akhiwa amangqamuzana.
• Sinenkosi amazinga ehlukene inhlangano amaselula. Indwangu - iqembu amaseli yenza umsebenzi ezivamile. Isitho - iqembu nezicubu yenza umsebenzi ezivamile. Umzimba System - iqembu nemizimba yenza umsebenzi ezivamile. Umzimba - yimuphi izidalwa eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
• Basebenzisa amandla Zomhlaba kanye Sun labawadzinga ukuphila futhi ukhule.
• Ongakwenza Lapho imvelo. Ukuziphatha - iqoqo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukusabela.
• Khulisa. Cell division - i kumiswa ngaphambilini amangqamuzana amasha, ezimila ube usayizi othile bese ihlukaniswe.
• Phindaphinda. Lokuzaliswa alibalulekile sokusinda eziphilayo ngabanye, kodwa kubalulekile ukuze Ukuqhubeka kwalezi zilwane zikhona. Zonke izinto eziphilayo zizalana enye yezindlela ezilandelayo: asexual (ukukhiqizwa inzalo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa gametes), ngokobulili (ukukhiqizwa siyinzalo ngokuhlanganisa germ cells).
• Nezimo futhi sijwayele indawo.

Izici eziyinhloko eziphilayo

• Movement. Zonke izinto eziphilayo Ungahambisa futhi ushintshe isikhundla salo. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu izilwane bayakwazi ukuhamba futhi ugijime, futhi kubonakala kancane ezitshalweni, futhi izingxenye zazo Ungahambisa ukulandelela ukunyakaza kwelanga. Ngezinye izikhathi i-traffic kungahamba kancane ukuze kunzima kakhulu ukubona.

• Breath - yokusabela chemical okwenzeka ngaphakathi engqamuzaneni. Le nqubo lokukhululwa amandla kusuka umsoco zonke izinhlayiya zamangqamuzana aphilayo.
• Ukuzwela - ikhono lokuzwa izinguquko imvelo. Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo bayakwazi nokusabela ezintweni ezinjalo, ezifana ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa, amanzi, amandla adonsela phansi, njalo njalo.

• Ukukhula. Zonke izinto eziphilayo zikhule. Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwenani amaseli bese umzimba ibizwa ngokuthi ubukhulu ukukhula.
• Lokuzaliswa - ikhono nokuzala futhi udlulise ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo enzalweni yabo.

• Excretion - ukususa udoti kanye ubuthi. Ngenxa yalokho, abaningi zamakhemikhali kumaseli, kubalulekile ukuba bachithe imikhiqizo umzimba ukuthi angabulala iseli.
• Amandla - ukusetshenziswa kanye nokusetshenziswa izakhi (amaphrotheni, amafutha kanye carbohydrate), adingekayo ukuze ikhule, izicubu ukukhanda kanye namandla. kwezinhlobo ezahlukene eziphilayo nezidalwa kwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Zonke izinto eziphilayo akhiwa amangqamuzana

Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko a eziphilayo? Eyokuqala ukuthi yini eyenza izinto eziphilayo eyingqayizivele wukuthi basuke akhiwa amangqamuzana, okuyinto zibhekwa amabhlogo wokwakha zokuphila. Amaseli emangalisayo, naphezu lingakanani encane, bangasebenza ndawonye ukuze zakhe ubuzalwane izakhiwo umzimba omkhulu kangaka njengo izicubu kanye izitho. Amaseli nazo ezikhethekile - isb, amaseli isibindi kukhona ngomzimba ofanayo, futhi amangqamuzana obuchopho tisebenta kuphela ekhanda.

Ezinye eziphilayo zenziwa yengqamuzana eyodwa nje, isibonelo, ama-bacterium amaningi, kuyilapho ezinye ziba yakhiwa izigidigidi zamangqamuzana, isib, womuntu. eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi bayizidalwa eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuthi babe Amazing inhlangano amaselula. Le nhlangano iqala uhambo lwayo i-DNA, luqhubeke kuze kube wonke umzimba.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha

Izibonakaliso eyinhloko ekuphileni (biology uchaza, ngisho ngokuhamba esikoleni) zihlanganisa futhi into ezifana ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Kanjani zonke izinto eziphilayo iwe Emhlabeni? Awaveli aphume air elincanyana, kodwa nge ukubuyabuyelela. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo esikhiqiza siyinzalo. Okokuqala - ke bonke ukuzala waziwa. Lokhu kwenzeka uma eziphilayo sizale ngokuhlanganisa gametes yabo. Abantu nezilwane eziningi awela kulesi sigaba.

Olunye uhlobo imifanekiso asexual: eziphilayo sizale ngaphandle gametes. Ngokungafani ukuzala lapho inzalo has a izimonyo ezahlukene zofuzo, akufani ukuthi yanoma yiziphi abazali, asexually ukunika inzalo zofuzo ezifanayo ukuze umzali yayo.

Ukukhula nokuthuthuka

Izici eziyinhloko ephilayo futhi kusikisela ukukhula kanye nokuthuthuka. Lapho inzalo okuzelwe, awusebenzi uhlale ngaleyo ndlela kuze kube phakade. Isibonelo esihle kungaba endoda ngokwayo. Ngo inqubo yokukhula, abantu ukushintsha, futhi isikhathi esiningi sihamba, kulapho umehluko kukhona lubonakale. Uma siqhathanisa omdala kanye nomntwana, ayivusa kanye, umehluko nje cwe Ngeza kuleli zwe. I eziphilayo akhule ngendlela kukho konke ukuphila, kodwa imigomo emibili (ukukhula nokuthuthuka) akusho into efanayo.

Ukukhula - uma iguquka usayizi, kusukela komncane kuya ezinkulu. Isibonelo, nge engu ezikhulayo zonke izitho zomzimba umzimba ophilayo: iminwe, amehlo, inhliziyo nokunye. Ukuthuthukiswa kufaka ikhono ukushintsha noma ukuguqulwa. Inqubo iqala ngisho nangaphambi kokuba azalwe, lapho poyavlyaetsyas cell yokuqala.

amandla

Wekukhula, intfutfuko, izinqubo yeselula ngisho ukubuyabuyelela singenzeka kuphela uma eziphilayo bangathola futhi usebenzise lawo mandla futhi ingxenye izici eziyinhloko izidalwa eziphilayo. Zonke amandla angiqinise, ekugcineni kuvela ilanga, futhi la mandla unika amandla emhlabeni wonke. eziphilayo eziningi eziphilayo, ezifana izitshalo futhi abanye ulwelwe zisebenzisa ilanga ukukhiqiza ukudla kwazo.

Inqubo zokuguqula kwelanga ku chemical amandla okuthiwa i-photosynthesis, nezinto eziphilayo ezingasetshenziswa khiqiza it kukhona okuthiwa autotrophs. Nokho, eminingi engokwemvelo Awukwazi ukudala ukudla zabo bebodwa, ngakho-ke kufanele zidla nezinye izinto eziphilayo kuyisiphazamiso ukuze zithole amandla futhi izakhamzimba. Organisms adla nezinye izinto eziphilayo abizwa ngokuthi heterotrophs.

Ukuphendula

Bala izici eziyinhloko izilwane zasendle, kubalulekile ukuphawula yokuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo libhekene ikhono lokuphendula ngendlela ethile ku ezihlukahlukene ezishukumisa kwemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yiluphi ushintsho imvelo kuvuse ukusabela ezithile zomzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, isitshalo ezidla, njengoba Venus flytrap, slam amacembe zazo ezichitha igazi pretty masinyane uma kukhona umhlaba ongaqaphile fly lutho. Uma kungenzeka, ufudu ngeke yokuthamela ilanga, kunokuba ahlale ku ithunzi. Lapho umuntu ozwa umsindo wokuwa esiswini sakhe, uzokuya efrijini ukwenza sinkhwa, nokunye.

Ezishukumisa kungaba yangaphandle (ngaphandle komzimba) noma yangaphakathi (ngaphakathi emzimbeni), futhi zisiza ukuba sihlale silinganisela eziphilayo. Basuke ethulwa ngesimo kwezitho ahlukahlukene sezinzwa emzimbeni, ezifana emehlweni, ukunambitheka, amaphunga bese uthinta. isivinini Response ziyahlukahluka kuye umzimba.

homeostasis

Izici eziyinhloko eziphilayo zihlanganisa ukulawulwa imvelo zomzimba zangaphakathi, othiwa homeostasis. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulawula izinga lokushisa ibaluleke kakhulu akubo bonke abahlala, ngoba izinga lokushisa emzimbeni kuthinta isimo esinjalo inqubo ebalulekile njengoba umzimba. Lapho umzimba iba buyabanda, lezi izinqubo behlisa ijubane, bakhathala futhi ingakulahlekela emzimbeni. Okuphambene kwenzeka uma umzimba overheats, izinqubo kuthiwa yashesha, futhi konke lokhu kuholela nemiphumela ofanayo oyinhlekelele.

Yikuphi ukufana kuthiwa izidalwa eziphilayo? Kumele babe zonke izici eziyisisekelo eziphilayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ifu kungase kukhule ngobukhulu futhi ukuhambisa kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye, kodwa lokhu akuwona eziphilayo, ngoba akanawo zonke izici ezingenhla.