Kungani ubisi sours futhi impango ngokushesha

Ubisi - umkhiqizo ukudla okubalulekile. Shono okhokho bethu ngokuthi ikhaya inkomo "umhlengikazi." Ngenxa izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele, kuba umthombo izakhi eziningi kanye nesisekelo sokuthi kukhiqizwe iqembu elikhulu ubisi nemikhiqizo yalo. Lokhu ukukhiqizwa kungenzeka ngenxa ukuthambekela baphuze lwezithelo olubangela ukubila. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani ubisi uphendulela omuncu, ake sibone ukuthi it liqukethe.

Yini izinto ezitholakala ubisi

Ubisi senzelwe ukunikeza inzalo mammalian. Kuhlanganisa uhla egcwele izakhi ezidingekayo ukuze ukukhula nokuthuthuka izinsana. Digestibility kwezakhi kuphezulu kakhulu futhi eduze 95%.

Futhi ubisi izilwane zinhlobo ezahlukene kuhluke kakhulu e-calories okuqukethwe ambalwa of kwezinto eziphilayo. Ake kwethu ongahlala ukubunjwa ubisi cow sika. Iqukethe izithako ezilandelayo:

• Amanzi - 87,5%.
• Fat - 3.5%.
• Amaprotheni - casein, albumin, i globulin - 3.3%.
• Ubisi ushukela - lactose - 4.7%.
• Macro- futhi microelements (amaminerali ingxenye) - 1%.
• Amavithamini.
• Enzyme.
• Amasosha omzimba avikela osanda kuzalwa izifo.

Kukhona ethile amagciwane ukuthi singabakaNkulunkulu izitshalo evamile obisini. Bangabaholi impendulo yombuzo othi "kungani amasi?". Biology kwamagciwane futhi, ngenxa yalokho, uhlobo ukuvutshelwa kubangelwa ngayo yayihluke.

Igciwane kubangele ukuvutshelwa oyifunayo

I "ewusizo" fermenting ubisi abathintekayo acidosis acid, propionic acid amagciwane, kefir okusanhlamvu kanye ubisi nemvubelo.

Acidosis acid amagciwane eziqukethwe ubisi vivo futhi kukhona "izinto" eyinhloko kungani amasi. Biology-bacterium esekelwe ukucutshungulwa lactose ku acidosis acid. Ngenxa yalokho, isiphuzo asidi lenyuka, futhi casein amaprotheni lincane. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-acidosis acid amagciwane is busuka ubisi ngqo yogurt, cottage shizi, okumuncu ubisi noshizi, ukhilimu omuncu futhi acidophilus. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa: acidophilic, ushizi Bulgarian, futhi acidosis acid imbewu eletha; streptococci acidosis.

Propionic acid amagciwane busuka ubisi ekukhiqizeni ushizi. Ngenxa ngokucubungula ubisi noshukela propionic kwakhiwa futhi acetic acid nesikhutha ikhishwe.

Kanyekanye acidosis ukuvutshelwa acid ubisi kungaba ageleze kanye ukuvutshelwa oludakayo. Sibangelwa imvubelo ethize futhi lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa yogurt.

Ukuze curdled lonke ubisi kwanele ukushiya endaweni efudumele for 1-2 days. Kodwa womshini neminye imikhiqizo microorganism oyifunayo busuka substrate lelungiselelwe. Lokhu kuyisizathu esenza ukuba ubisi uphendulela omuncu ne yalokho ethile.

yogurt kunganambitheki

Ngaphezu ukuvutshelwa oyifunayo, abanye nezilwanyana ezincane kubangele udwi otshekele kwesokunxele lwezithelo olubangela ukubila. Yingakho ukudukiswa ubisi - ezibabayo. Sporulating udwi otshekele kwesokunxele-bacterium kuguqula i -lactose ku-carbon dioxide, udwi otshekele kwesokunxele ne-hydrogen. Ngenxa yalokho, ubisi kuba ukunambitheka ababayo kanye nephunga edabukisayo. Ukubiliswa senzeka ikakhulu ngendlela ubisi inzalo futhi pasteurized, kanye noshizi. Iqiniso ukuthi amagciwane abanga idluliselwe lokushisa icwecwe abilayo isikhathi eside (30 amaminithi) futhi bahlale nje izakhamuzi uyakwazi skvasit umkhiqizo.

Esinye isizathu ukuthi kungani ubisi uphendulela omuncu bese kuba ukunambitheka ezibuhlungu kungase kube amagciwane Putrid ukuvela ubisi uma kwenzeka ekungcolisweni ephula imibandela isitoreji. Putrefactive amagciwane kunethonya nethonya lazo umkhiqizo ezingeni lokushisa ngezansi + 10 ° C, iphila acidosis acid at + 10 ° C - + 20 ° C. Ngokungafani acidosis acid, amagciwane putrefactive zibulawa pasteurization, ngakho ubisi kusukela isikhwama ngokuvamile "baba elibolile" kunokuba skvashivaetsya. Kulokhu, izilokazane ezincane zigaya i amaprotheni namafutha ubisi, okuholela imikhiqizo nge ukuwohloka isici noma ebolile iphunga Rancid.

Kungani ubisi sours ngokushesha

Izinga ukuvutshelwa ubisi kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana.

• Amazinga elikhulu for ukuthuthukiswa amagciwane acidosis ivela + 30 ° C kuya ku-40 ° C. Ngalesi lokushisa, ubisi uphendulela omuncu ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngakho qhubeka umkhiqizo ngendlela esiqandisini at + 4 ° C.
• Ubisi wathenga esitolo, ngokushesha uphendulela omuncu, ngisho nalapho elondolozwe ku esiqandisini ngenxa yokwephulwa yokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe. Lokhu kungafaka: ukwehluleka ukuhambisana umbuso sanitary epulazini ngesikhathi zizosengwa kanye zokuthutha, ukwehluleka enqubeni inzalo umkhiqizo, ukuhlukumeza ubuqotho isembozo, abampofu izinto izinga emaphaketheni nokunye.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-fresh ubisi souring - inqubo yemvelo ekamelweni lokushisa, iqala emva Forestripping ziyasifafaza ngemva cishe 12-24 amahora. ubisi ezixutshiwe sours ngokushesha. Ukuze kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa eshalofini-ukuphila izindlela ezinjalo zobuchwepheshe, njengoba pasteurization futhi inzalo. Zisekelwe ukuphathwa ezishisayo komkhiqizo, kodwa ehlukene ukuchayeka imodi.

pasteurization

Pasteurisation ubisi wenziwa ngezindlela eziningana:

• Incubated imizuzu engu-30 + 65 ° C.
• At lokushisa + 75 ° C amasekhondi angu-15 kuya kwangu-40.
• Izinga lokushisa + 85 ° C, isikhathi ekwelapheni imizuzwana 8-10.

ubisi okunjalo kugcina ingxenye enkulu amavithamini kanye enzyme, kanye iningi amagciwane ayafa. "Ngo-ezinhlwini" kukhona amagciwane ukushisa ukumelana kuphela. Lokhu kuyisizathu esenza ukuba ubisi eside sours. ubisi pasteurized lilondolozwe imbala amasonto ama-2. Futhi umkhiqizo elinjalo esetshenziselwa ukwenza nezilwanyana ezincane ezihlukahlukene kanye nemikhiqizo ukuvutshelwa iqondiswe.

Indlela engcono kakhulu ukulondoloza esiphezulu sama izinto eziwusizo - ultra-pasteurization. Nge le ndlela ubisi is phansi lokushisa eliphezulu (+ 135 ° C) 3-4 imizuzwana. Umkhiqizo ke selehlile + 4 ° C futhi zahlanganiswa ngo emaphaketheni oyinyumba. Ngokungafani pasteurisation evamile ukumelana spore amafomu (kuhlanganise amagciwane putrefactive) ayafa. UHT ubisi zingagcinwa ku esiqandisini izinyanga ezimbili.

inzalo

Sterilisation ubulala wonke amagciwane. Lokhu ubisi oyinyumba, igcwele emaphaketheni aseptic, it has a ukuphila eshalofini izinyanga ezingu-12. Wonke umuntu uyazi, kungani hhayi omuncu ubisi okuzenzela emva abilayo, - ngoba amagciwane ayafa. Kodwa ekhaya ayikho indlela ukuqhuba ephezulu lokushisa kusebenziswe futhi ukunikeza bacterium-free umsebenzi endaweni futhi emaphaketheni aseptic. Kodwa endaweni yezimboni ubisi inzalo ezingeni lokushisa +120 - + 150 ° C imizuzu 20-30. umkhiqizo esinjalo sibaluleke kancane ngoba iningi amavithamini kanye enzyme ubhujiswe. Futhi ngoba akunakwenzeka ukulungisa acidosis acid nemikhiqizo.

Hhayi amasi kusukela izinkomo ekhaya?

Esinye isizathu esenza ubisi hhayi inkomo omuncu sika, kungenzeka ukuhlukumeza umzimba emzimbeni izinkomo. Endabeni ka isilinganiso engalungile ku ushukela okuphakelayo namaprotheni, lesi sifo kwenzeka lapho overfeeding amaprotheni, okuthiwa "ketosis." ubisi ketone kuyalimaza kakhulu umzimba womuntu, cishe skvashivaetsya futhi ukhilimu ehlukanisiwe uphendulela omuncu nge aftertaste okumunyu.

Fermenting imikhiqizo yobisi

Imikhiqizo yobisi zaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Kuwo wonke amasiko has izindlela ayo ukulungiselela le ukudla emangalisayo futhi ezinhle. Ziyahlukahluka kuye ikakhulukazi ukwakheka kokuqala ubisi nhlama ebilisiwe kwethulwa.

• Seyogathi Kulula ukulungiselela ekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, engeza abilisiwe afudumele anosawoti ubisi ayabila - isipuni esigcwele yogurt noma ukhilimu omuncu. Yima endaweni efudumele cishe ngosuku. Kefir - a yogurt Ukrainian kusuka ubisi olufudumele.
• Acidophilus Kunconywa abantu isifo wamathumbu. Umkhiqizo ngokuphelele, elikhishiwe kwezinye izinguqulo microflora yokusetshenziswa pheshana emathunjini.
• I-yogurt ngokuvamile ukungezwa ofakwe izithelo kanye berry.
• Kefir kungaba izinhlobo ezahlukene. Kefir okusanhlamvu ezenziwa komkhiqizo wangempela, ukukhiqiza acidosis acid kanye ukuvutshelwa oludakayo. Okuqukethwe utshwala yalesi siphuzo zokhahlamba kusuka 0.2% kuya 0.6%, kuncike ubude nokuvuthwa. Lungiselela yogurt kungaba ekhaya, kodwa lokho kudingeka uthole isiko ukhunta. Ezikhathini zasendulo, yogurt is ngakho lwesayensi ukuthi imvubelo vigilantly kuqashelwe emehlweni prying wadlula kusuka kumama kuya indodakazi njengoba isipho.
• Koumiss okulungiselelwe izizwe Asia Ephakathi kusukela lwawo noma ubisi lwamakamela. Kuye ephulukisa izakhiwo izifo ze-isisu namathumbu, kanye nesifo sofuba.
• Ushizi, cottage shizi, ibhotela kisloslivochnoe futhi uzilungiselele nge ezihlukahlukene temusho.

Gcina ubisi nobisi imikhiqizo esitsheni esihlanzekile uphawu, ukugcina lokushisa kanye nesikhathi esibekiwe on the isembozo ngumkhiqizi. Landela izincomo, futhi umbuzo "kungani ngokushesha omuncu ubisi?" Ngeke kuphakama. Uma kungekho iziluleko esicacile imodi isitoreji, uholwe lokushisa + 4 ° C - kufanelekile cishe zonke imikhiqizo yobisi. Khumbula ukuthi ukudla yobisi kudinga nokuqikelela nokudla ichithekile kungabangela ubuthi sina.