Umsizi wezilwane u-Anokhin Pyotr Kuzmich: biography, umnikelo kwisayensi, izincwadi

U-Anokhin Pyotr Kuzmich ungumzimba odumile we-Soviet physiologist ne-academician. Ilungu leMpi Yombango. Wathola udumo ngenxa yokudala inkolelo yezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kulesi sihloko uzonikezwa nge-biography yakhe emfushane.

Ukufunda

U-Anokhin Pyotr Kuzmich wazalelwa edolobheni laseTsaritsyn ngo-1898. Ngo-1913, lo mfana waphothula esikoleni esiphakeme esikoleni esiphansi. Ngokuqondene nesimo esinzima emndenini, uPeter wayefanele asebenzele ubhala wezinsimbi. Wabe esedlula izivivinyo futhi wathola umsebenzi we "post and telegraph official".

Umhlangano othakazelisayo

Eminyakeni yokuqala ye-system entsha, uPyotr Kuzmich Anokhin wasebenza njengomhleli-inhloko kanye nomkomishinala wezindaba emnyakeni weNovocherkassk we-Red Don. Ngalezo zinsuku wahlangana ngengozi yeLunacharsky edumile. Lezi zinsuku zahamba nezinqola zokuqeqesha ezise-Southern Front. U-Lunacharsky no-Anokhin bakhuluma isikhathi eside mayelana nobuchopho bomuntu kanye nesifundo sazo sokuba "baqonde izindlela ezibonakalayo zomphefumulo womuntu." Lo mhlangano wabikezela isiphetho seqhawe lesihloko sethu.

Imfundo ephakeme

Ekwindla ka-1921, u-Anokhin Pyotr Kuzmich waya ePetrograd wangena eGIMZ, eholwa nguBekhterev. Kakade ngonyaka wokuqala le nsizwa eyayiqhutshwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe umsebenzi wesayense onesihloko esithi "Ithonya lezinkomba ezincane nezinkulu zemisindo ekuvimbeleni nasekujabuliseni i-cortex ye-cerebral." Ngemva konyaka walalela izinkulumo eziningana uPavlov futhi wahlala ebhokisatri yakhe.

Ngemuva kokuphela kweSt. Petersburg State Museum of Art, uPeter waqashwa njengomsizi omkhulu eMnyangweni wePhysics kuLeningrad Zootechnical Institute. Futhi, u-Anokhin waqhubeka esebenza ebhokisini labasePavlov. Wenza uchungechunge lwezilinganiso emthethweni we-acetylcholine emisebenzini eyimfihlo kanye nemisipha ye-salivary gland, futhi wafunda ukujikelezwa kobuchopho.

Okuthunyelwe okusha

Ngo-1930, uPetr Kuzmich Anokhin, i-biography kanye namaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nanoma iyiphi incwadi encwadini yezobuchwepheshe, wathola isikhundla soprofesa eNyuvesi yaseNizhny Novgorod (ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha). Ingxenye yalokhu inikele ekunconyweni kwePavlov. Ngokushesha le nhlangano yahlukaniswa neyunivesithi, futhi ngesisekelo sayo ikolishi yezokwelapha ehlukile yadalwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uPyotr Kuzmich wahola uMnyango Wezemizimba Yezobuchwepheshe eNizhny Novgorod Institute.

Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Anokhin wethula izindlela ezintsha zokutadisha izimo ezibucayi. Le moto-secretory, kanye nendlela yasekuqaleni usebenzisa ukuzenzekela ngokungazelelwe kokuqiniswa okungagunyaziwe. Lezi zinsuku zavumela uPyotr Kuzmich ukuba afike esiphethweni esibalulekile mayelana nokwakhiwa kwezinto ezikhethekile kwisistimu yezinzwa zomphakathi. Kuyo, imingcele yokuqinisa ikusasa yayivele ikhona. Ngo-1955, le divayisi yayibizwa ngokuthi "umamukeli wemiphumela yesenzo."

Ukugunyazwa kokugunyazwa

Leli gama laqalwa ngo-1935 ngu-Anokhin Pyotr Kuzmich. Inkolelo yezinhlelo zokusebenza, noma kunalokho incazelo yayo yokuqala, yanikezwa yona ngesikhathi esifanayo. Umqondo owenziwe wathonya yonke imisebenzi yawo yesayensi nokucwaninga. U-Anokhin waqaphela ukuthi indlela yokusebenza yindlela eqhubekayo yokuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zomzimba.

Ngonyaka ofanayo, ingxenye yabasebenzi baseYunivesithi yaseNizhny Novgorod yathuthela e-VIEM, eyayiseMoscow. Lapho, uPyotr Kuzmich wahlela umnyango we-neurophysiology. Ezinye zezifundo zakhe zenziwa ngokubambisana nomtholampilo we-neurology Krol kanye nomnyango we-micromorphology ophethwe uLavrentiev.

Ngo-1938, isimemezelo sikaBurdenko, isazi sezinto eziphilayo, u-Anokhin Pyotr Kuzmich, onobuciko bakhe obulingisa abanye ososayensi, owahola umkhakha we-neuropsychiatric we-Central Neurosurgical University. Lapho, usosayensi wayehlanganyele ekuthuthukiseni umqondo wemfundiso yesikhumba semisipha.

Sebenzisa ngesikhathi sokulwa

Ngokushesha ngemva kwempi, u-Anokhin wathunyelwa eTomsk nge-VIEM. Lapho, uhola umnyango wezinzwa ze-neurosurgical of injuries ohlelweni lwezinzwa zomzimba (PNS). Esikhathini esizayo, uPyotr Kuzmich uzofingqa isipiliyoni sakhe se-neurosurgical emsebenzini "I-Nerve Plasticity ku-Traumas ye-PNS". Lesi sithombe sanyatheliswa ngo-1944.

Ngo-1942, u-Anokhin wabuyela eMoscow futhi waba yi-laboratory ye-laboratory ye-Institute of Neurosurgery. Lapha waqhubeka ekwazisa futhi esebenza. Futhi, kanye noBurdenko, usosayensi uphenye insimu yokwelapha ukwelashwa kwezempi kuMkhandlu kaZwelonke. Umphumela womsebenzi wabo wawuyi-athikili ezakhiweni zesakhiwo se-side neuromus kanye nokwelashwa kwabo. Ngemva kwalokho, uPeter Kuzmich wakhethwa njengomprofesa eMoscow University.

Ngo-1944, ngesisekelo se-laboratory kanye nomnyango we-neurophysiology VIEM, kwavela isikhungo esisha se-Physiology. U-Anokhin Pyotr Kuzmich, ogama lakhe lalingakaze lithande kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, wamiswa lapho njengenhloko yomnyango wephrofayela. Eminyakeni eyalandela, usosayensi wahlala esikhundleni sephhini lesikhulu emsebenzini wesayensi kule sikhungo , kanye nomqondisi.

Ukugxeka

Ngo-1950, iseshini yesayensi eyazinikela ezinkingeni zemfundiso kaPavlov yenzeke. Ukugxeka kwakunezindlela eziningi zesayensi abafundi bakhe abazithuthukisa ngazo: Speransky, Beritashvili, Orbeli, njll. Inkolelo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-hero yalesi sihloko nayo yabangela ukulahlwa okubukhali.

UProfesa Asratyan uthe: "Lapho uBernshtein, u-Efimov, uStern nabanye abajwayele izimfundiso zikaPavlov beza phambili ngenhlobo ethile yokungahlakaniphi, kuyinhlekisa. Lapho i-physiologist onolwazi nangolwazi uBerishashvili eqhubeka nemicabango ye-anti-Pavlovian, engabi umfundi wakhe nomlandeli - kuyadabukisa. Kodwa lapho umfundi kaPavlov ezama ngokuhle ukuvuselela umsebenzi wakhe kusukela ekubukeni kwezingcweti ze-pseudoscientific ideist "ososayensi bourgeois, lokhu kumane nje kuthukuthele."

Ukungena

Ngemuva kwalomhlangano, u-Anokhin Pyotr Kuzmich, owawuthandwa yizesayensi, waxoshwa e-Institute of Physiology. Ukuphathwa kwalesi sikhungo kwathumela usosayensi eRyazan. Lapho wasebenza njengoprofesa kuze kube ngu-1952. Eminyakeni emithathu eyalandela, uPyotr Kuzmich wayephethe uMnyango wePhysiology we-Central Institute eMoscow.

Imisebenzi emisha

Ngo-1955, u-Anokhin waba profesa eSechenov Medical University. UPyotr Kuzmich wasebenza ngentshiseko kule ndawo futhi wakwazi ukwenza izinto eziningi ezintsha ensimini yomzimba. Wakha inkolelo yokulala nokuvuka, inkolelo yemvelo yemizwelo, ihlongozwa inkolelo yokuqala yokukhathazeka nokulamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Anokhin wanikeza ifomu eligcwalisiwe lomqondo wakhe wesistimu yokusebenza. Futhi ngo-1958, usosayensi wabhala i-monograph ekuvimbeleni kwangaphakathi, lapho eveza khona incazelo entsha yale ndlela.

Ukufundisa

Umsebenzi wezesayensi kaPeter Kuzmich uhlangene ne-pedagogical. Nomaphi lapho u-Anokhin esebenza khona, wayehlale eheha abafundi kule nqubo. Bonke abafundi bakhe babhala iphepha lesayensi elinesihloko esithize. UPyotr Kuzmich wazama ukujabulisa kuwo umoya wokudala wokudala. Ngokunakekelwa kwakhe nangesimo sengqondo esihle, lo physiologist washukumisela abafundi emsebenzini wokudala. Izinkulumo zika-Anokhin zathandwa kakhulu, ngoba ukujula kwesayensi kwahlanganiswa kubo ngokuveza okuvelele nokucacile kwezinto ezibonakalayo, izithombe nokuveza ukukhuluma kahle, kanye nokuqinisekiswa okungenakuphikwa kweziphetho. Ngomqondo wamasiko angcono kakhulu esikoleni saseSoviet of physiology, u-Anokhin wayefisa kokubili ukucaciswa kokudluliswa kolwazi, nokubonakaliswa, ukubonakala kwento. Izinkulumo ezengeziwe zomzimba zomprofesa zanezelwa ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezilwaneni. Abafundi abaningi babecabanga ukuthi izifundo zakhe zenziwe ngcono. Eqinisweni, usosayensi wazilungiselela ngokucophelela.

Iminyaka yamuva

Kusukela ngo-1969 kuya ku-1974, u-Anokhin Petr Kuzmich, owaziwa ngaye ngenhla, wayephethe i-laboratory e-Institute of Pathological and Normal Physiology ye-USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. Ngo-1961 wanikwa umyalelo we-Order of the Red Banner. Futhi ngo-1968 wanikezwa indondo yegolide yePavlov ngesisekelo somzila omusha we-neurophysiology, ehlobene nokuhlolisiswa kwenhlangano esebenzayo yobuchopho. Ngemva kwalokho, waya ezinkomfeni zase-US naseJapane ngembiko yendaba yememori. Ngenxa yalezi zinkulumo, waqaphela emphakathini wesayensi wezwe jikelele.

I-Academician yafa ngo-1974. UPyotr Kuzmich wangcwatshwa eNewodevichye Emathuneni.