Ivan Bohun - Zaporizhia Army sombutho. Umlando Ukraine

Ojenene, owayehola phakathi kwekhulu XVII emzabalazweni Zaporizhzhya Cossacks ngokumelene kokungenela Polish, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke uColonel Ivan Bohun. Ngalesi sikhathi nzima lokhokho bakhe wazibonakalisa hhayi nje njengomuntu Patriot kweqiniso, kodwa futhi njengoba umholi onamakhono lempi, akwazi ukuqhuba imisebenzi ensimini ekumeleleni emadolobheni. Abaningi imisebenzi eyenziwa bangena emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke yomlando futhi liphenduke uhlobo oluthile unencwadi izinduna esizayo.

Esakhula afihliwe emlandweni

Umlando akazange agcine ulwazi eyiqiniso mayelana esengumntwana nangesikhathi neminyaka yokuqala yokuphila. Ngisho usuku lokuzalwa is cishe owaziwa kuphela. Kukholakala ukuthi ikusasa wazalwa uColonel e 1618 e Bratslav. Ngisho negama lakhe impikiswano phakathi abacwaningi. Ezinye usibone isiteketiso, kusukela elithi "Bohun" ngesi-Ukraine kusho isigxobo ngoba omisa amanetha. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi intsha Ivan ophasiswe Wild Field - asemaqeleni indawo ephakathi Dniester kanye Don.

Qala ekhonza Motherland

Ubufakazi bokuqala obubhalwe ka-Ivan Bohun iphuzu ukuba ingxenye lakhe ukuvukela kwabantu Hetman gentry, eholwa inhloko yabangamashumi Zaporozhye Cossacks uJakobe Ostryanina. Igama lakhe kubuye kuhlotshaniswe isiqephu odumile umzabalazo uzimele geqe - Azov esihlalweni. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu (1637 - 1642) kanye Cossacks Don Cossacks wamelana ibutho Turkish of Sultan Ibrahim, ukuvinjezelwa emzini Azov. Kulesi nobuqhawe ukuzivikela Cossack lamabutho iphansi kwesandla sika-Bohun bavikelekile ezitheni osendaweni esicini esibaluleke - Borevskuyu owela we Seversky eDonets.

Lapho 1648 kwaqubuka ukuvukela ngaphansi kobuholi Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, okubangelwa ngokuqinisa Polish izinduna ingcindezelo nokungabi ilungelo nokwehlisa Cossack Ivan Bohun wayephakathi nabaholi bayo. Ngemva konyaka, njengoba Vinnitsa colonel, wahola iminyaka eminingi zokuzivikela amabutho Polish Vinnitsa futhi Bratslav. Lapha, ngamandla okungavamile kubonakala khona ukuhola kwakhe ithalente eyamvumela, ngokusekelwa lezakhamuzi komuzi, inqobe kumhambela.

Berestetskaya impi futhi umkhankaso eMoldova

Isiqephu esilandelayo brilliant indlela lakhe lempi kwaba impi phakathi kwamabutho the Zaporozhye Cossacks futhi amabutho e-Commonwealth, livelile ekuqaleni Juni 1651 edolobheni Berestechko eMfuleni Styr. Kulesi empini, Cossacks, umbimbi abaqotho AmaTatar bahlulwa, kodwa ngenxa Bohun bakwazi ngokwanele ukuphuma imvelo futhi baqhubeke nokulwa. Kukhethwe ngaphambi nje hetman, wazehlukanisa njengoba umholi kwabahlakaniphileyo labaqedisisayo.

Ngo 1653 the Cossack ibutho iphansi kwesandla sika-internet Ivana Boguna futhi Timofeya Hmelnitskogo - indodana Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, wenza uhambo Moldova. Lo msebenzi yaphela kokufa indodana hetman ka Zaporizhzhya Cossack amabutho kanye ukuhlulwa. Uma usesimweni esinzima kakhulu, Bohun ephethwe ngokwanele ukuhoxisa amasosha ayo kusukela imvelo, futhi uthathe umzimba kaThimothewu. Kuze kube sekupheleni olandelayo, ngo-1654, wahlanganyela imikhankaso eminingi namabutho-Commonwealth, futhi wangena nabo amabutho Union of lwesiTatar. Izindawo ezisemqoka kwemisebenzi yawo yezempi kuleyo nkathi kwaba Bratslavshchina futhi Uman.

A lweli ukuzimela kwezinhloko zamaviyo Zaporizhzhya

Kuyaziwa ukuthi Ivan Bohun kwaba isitha esinolaka yimuphi umzamo siphazamise amalungelo yokulwela inkululeko Cossack ezaziwayo. Lokhu kwaba isizathu salo sengqondo sokungafuni ezimbi kakhulu maqondana Bogdanom Hmelnitskim esayinwe Septhemba 1651 Belotserkovskii emhlabeni. Ngokufaka lesi sivumelwano ne nabasePoland, Cossacks Ukraine hetman bancishwa zonke amalungelo, ekhishwa kuzo ngokuhamba ukuvukelwa kuhlonyiwe 1648.

Ngesizathu esifanayo Bohun kwaba abaphikisi rapprochement nge eMoscow. Lapho ngo-1654 Pereyaslavl ukuthi edume isinqumo indawo inhlangano, ngubani balawula Zaporozhian Usokhaya, neRussia, Vinnytsia Colonel angazange ephalamende akangayiletha kanye naso sonke isifungo of Russian Tsar. Lapho Bogdan Khmelnitsky wafa Bohun zonke nesikhuthazo Hetman Ivana Vygovskogo futhi Yuriya Hmelnitskogo emizamweni yabo ukusungula ngokuzijamela Cossacks e nemidanti Inqubomgomo ezifuywayo angaphandle. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, eveza imizamo yabo ngesikhathi rapprochement ne izitha yendabuko Cossacks - Poland naseTurkey.

Mashi ku Poland futhi imbangela ukwehluleka

Ngo-1656 umfundisi kumiswa abalulekile Cossack iphansi kwesandla sika-hetman Anton Zhdanovicha uzibophezele izinyanga eziningi ahlasela indawo kwezintathu yePoland. Yasungulelwa ukusiza Wallachian namabutho Swedish, okuholela ukulwa imisebenzi ngokumelene amayunithi yenkosi Polish. Phakathi kwezinye izinduna kwaba Ivan Bohun. Kuvuleke indlela zabo ngomlilo futhi inkemba, Cossacks safinyelela Krakow, Warsaw futhi Brest. Kodwa-ke sekwenzeka into engangingayilindele: i Cossacks osezwile ukuthi umkhankaso senzeka ngaphandle kwemvume Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, okuyinto bafunga, benqaba ukuqhubeka empini. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkulungwane amasosha ehlobo lika-1657 wabuyela Hetman.

Isitha Vygovskogo sivumelwano

Ngemva kweminyaka emibili kwaba khona umcimbi edelelwa ngokujulile imizwa yokushisekela izwe ka-internet Ivana Boguna. Ngo-September 1658 emzini Gadyach Isivumelwano esasayinwa phakathi hetman Ivanom Vygovskim nePoland. Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti, nayo yonke indawo Zaporizhia Army kwakufanele abe yingxenye Commonwealth amalungelo ilungu wesithathu union zamazwe amabili iPoland Lithuania. Lokhu ngesenzo esiyihlazo kwakungelona ukuze uthole amandla, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo ngeke samukelwa ngokomthetho Polish Sejm.

Nokho, wenza ukuba lokho kuvukela ephakanyiswe Bohun nabasekeli bakhe ngokumelene Vygovskogo. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhapheli izintshisekelo kazwelonke wahlulwa kanye bephoqeleka ukuba babalekele ePoland. Ngokufanayo, Vinnytsia uColonel wakwazi ukumelana futhi Yuriyu Hmelnitskomu, ungene ngemvume 1660 Slaboschensky indatshana, amalungelo we Cossacks.

kwelanga umsebenzi wezempi

Ngemva konyaka, abe Colonel Bohun Duchy of Lithuania, futhi 1661, wabuyela ezweni lakubo, ehlanganyela kanye Yuriem Hmelnitskim empini yokulwa izinduna ezimbili Russian - UGregory Gregory Kosagova Ramodanovskogo. Kulezi izimpi impumelelo lempi kuyasuka kuye. Okwenza isimo sibe sibi, noma esikhathini esifushane eboshwa nabasePoland.

Ngemva kokuchitha isikhathi esithile ejele, wadedelwa iNkosi, kodwa isimo ukuthi wayengeke iqhaza emkhankasweni wabo ngokumelene Left Bank. Ngo Yana Kazimira Iplani kwakungukuthi nomlilo futhi inkemba ukuze anqobe zonke bendawo kusukela Kiev ukuze Novgorod Seversky. Bokwehlukana aya kulo mkhankaso we-Ivan Bohun, kodwa ukukhetha akakwenzanga.

Ukuphikiswa Kwezindaba nabasePoland, futhi ngokufa okudabukisayo

Umlando ubonisa ukuthi kusukela ezinsukwini zakuqala we Cossack sombutho uqala kubangele tinkhinga nabasePoland, futhi wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze iphazamise izinhlelo zabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ivikela ngokumelene ngokubhujiswa komuzi, athumba asesandleni sakhe amayunithi. Njengoba ibutho Yana Kazimira azange abe amabutho anele ukwakha amakhanda emngceleni wendawo ephethwe, phetho kwavukelwa baba abakhileyo kukhona nezindawo eziningi ezisele ngemuva regiments phambili.

Lapho amabutho Commonwealth ovinjezelwe Glukhov, Ivan Bohun wazikhandla ukuze asize izakhamuzi zayo. Njengoba ayebizwa ngokuthi eyilungu lomkhandlu lempi ibutho Polish, wayazi yonke imininingwane isiphepho siyeza, alinika abavikeli komuzi. Ngaphezu ukwaziswa okubalulekile tekusebenta, wakwazi ukushushumbisa esitokisini ezivinjezelwe neziqhumane futhi nuclei. izinhlelo zakhe kwakuba nezithombe ngisho ukugasela kusukela ezingemuva nabasePoland, lapho izosetshenziswa ezohlasela umuzi.

Kodwa, ngeshwa, kule imisebenzi yakhe yaziwa inkosi, wayala ukuboshwa ngokushesha Bohun. Ngokushesha umhlangano wensimu enkantolo yezempi, futhi lokho igwebe Cossack sombutho futhi eziningana abasekeli bakhe ukuba ukufa. Isigwebo wabulawa ngokushesha. Kwathi ngo-February 17, 1664. Ngakho wafa amabutho Zaporizhzhya iqhawe Ivan Bohun, ogama biography is kuhlangene ku emzabalazweni kumelwene nombuso Hetman yabahlaseli Polish.

Ukraine uye walilondoloza inkumbulo lendodana yakhe angamaqhawe. Ngemva inguquko, lo ibutho, elaliholwa UNikolai Shchors, yaqanjwa ngokuthi Bogunovskim. It lethiwa Kiev Military Lyceum. Emadolobheni amaningi Ukraine Ivan Bohun okuthiwa ezitaladini, futhi ngo-2007, ibhange National Ukrainian wakhipha uhlamvu lwemali ngomfanekiso wakhe. Imemori of the hero kanye ngigcinwa eligoqiwe udumo nge ethandwa Ukraine Folk song.