Kumiswa, Indaba
Julayi Inkinga 1917: izimbangela, Yiqiniso futhi umphumela
I-July Inkinga 1917 kwaba umphumela izingxabano ngokujulile zezombangazwe nezenhlalo nezomnotho kanye kazwelonke, ukugebenga esebenzisa isihluku ezweni lakithi ngemva kokuwa autocracy. Lesi sakamuva kwaholela yokuthi kwezepolitiki waya abameleli ukuthambekela monarchical, kanye emzabalazweni kuhulumeni. okuhlaselayo Akuphumelelanga yebutho Russian maphambili sezishiye esiya ngokuya siba sibi isimo siyini, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo izinhlekelele entsha yasekhaya.
izimfanelo
Inkinga Julayi 1917 kwabheduka ngenxa kuwukuphikisana zanqwabelana phakathi amaqembu ahlukahlukene abantu abalwe ngethonya kuKhabhinethi. Kuze Juni kulo nyaka isikhundla okuholela elalihlala le ubusosha Party, Nokho, okuyinto, ngokushesha washiya kwezepolitiki. Ayikwazanga igcinwe oshayelayo of ukuphathwa Octo futhi progressives. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, lonke iqembu laliqhubeka nokulwa.
Ubuqhawe wayiswa Socialist-mbuso, ababesekela i-Yesikhashana Uhulumeni futhi ngalwela umfelandawonye Labaqalayo. Elinye iqembu elaba nethonya kwaba Mensheviks ababengenaso ibutho homogenous. Nokho, nabo wakhuthaza umfelandawonye amandla yesikhashana futhi onxiwankulu. Womabili amaqembu ethambekele kudingeka ukuba ayokulwa kuze kube sekupheleni ezibabayo. Izimbangela July 1917 Inkinga lalala yokuthi sokudlondlobala kwakungekho ukuvumelana phezu kwaleli zwe kwesikhathi esizayo futhi ukuqhubeka iqhaza layo ezingxabanweni.
Ukubamba iqhaza amaBolshevik
Le phathi yafuna ukunikezwa amandla namaSoviet. AmaBolshevik kwakungamadodana amandla kuphela elaphikisa Yesikhashana Uhulumeni zabuzwa ukuhoxiswa eRussia evela empini. Bahlale abakhuthele ikakhulukazi ngemva kokubuyela ezweni Lenin ngo-Ephreli, ngonyaka wezimali odlule.
Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa Petrograd, lapho zazibonisa mass ngaphansi kwamaBolshevik iziqubulo. Ababhikishi yafuna ukuhoxiswa eRussia evela empini futhi ukudluliswa kwamandla kumaseli abo endawo. I-July Inkinga 1917 waqala ezinsukwini lokuqala lwenyanga. Ngenxa yalokho, uhulumeni wakhipha umyalo wokuba ukudutshulwa ababhikishi wakhipha egunyaza ukuboshwa abaholi kwamaBolshevik.
ukumangalela umuntu
osolwa beqembu yokuthi kuba ukuvukela umbuso kuleli zwe nge imali German kanye ngenhloso ukuhlela zabhikisha ahlomile namagunya olusemthethweni.
Njengoba ngale nkinga, amaphuzu amabili imvelo lososayensi. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi Lenin ewuthanda lweJalimane, okuyinto wayenesithakazelo ukunqotshwa lempi Russia. Okunye mlando ukuphikisana ngokuthi kukhona asikho isizathu sokuba isiphetho esinjalo.
Ukuthi umfundi angenza okungenani abanye umqondo wokuthi futhi kulokho ukulandelana izenzakalo zaziqala ukwenzeka, ulwazi kafushane kulesi sihloko, sibeka ku etafuleni.
| usuku | umcimbi |
| Julayi 3-4 | Ukuqala mass imiboniso e Petrograd ngaphansi kwamaBolshevik iziqubulo sokuhoxisa isiRashiya ababevela empini futhi ukudluliswa kwamandla ukuze namaSoviet. Ukuze uhulumeni ukudubula ababhikishi izibhelu ahlomile, okwaphumela sibulale abaningana. Ukusola uhulumeni kanye Petrograd Soviet amaBolshevik ku umzamo wokuketula umbuso. |
| Julayi 8 | Wayala ukuboshwa amaBolshevik, ukumenyezelwa kwezindaba izinhloli isiJalimane, kanye icala ukuvukela zezombusazwe. Uyabakhathalela Party ngomshoshaphansi. |
| Julayi 10 | Isihloko kukaLenin "Isimo Political", lapho wamemezela kwaqedwa isigaba obunokuthula inguquko, ushintsho yayo esiphikisayo revolution, kanye ekunqanyulweni kwe ombaxambili kuleli zwe. |
| July 24 | Kusaqhuba uhulumeni omusha oholwa Socialist-Revolutionary Kerensky, owaqala ukuba aphishekele izinqubomgomo centrist ukuze abuyisele izithakazelo amaqembu aphikisanayo, okuyinto kushabalele. |
| Agasti 12-14 | Nokho, eMoscow State Conference, ukuzama ukuvumelanisa amaqembu senziwa, amaBolshevik limenyezelwe bazoyiduba, kanti abanye baye bancika lempi kuyo igama Jikelele Kornilov. |
Nokho, kukhona umbono wokuthi Julayi Inkinga 1917 kwaba sicasulwa we kwahulumende kute kucinisekiswe kutsi kube khona isikhathi angimangalele amaBolshevik ka umbuso. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa iqembu emuva kwesehlakalo usephendukele ngomshoshaphansi.
imiphumela
Lezi zenzakalo kwaholela ezinguqukweni ezinkulu sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe. Ekupheleni kwenyanga kwamiswa umfelandawonye uhulumeni omusha oholwa Socialist-Revolutionary Kerensky. Ngakho iziphathimandla olusemthethweni wazama buyisana izithakazelo amaqembu ezombusazwe ahlukene.
Umholi omusha wazama ukushayela phakathi kwala maqembu, kodwa akazange ukuphatha ukufeza okungenani ezinye ukuzinza kuleli zwe. I-July crisis kuka-1917, imiphumela okwaholela yokuthi amaBolshevik salibangisa kuvukela ahlomile, ombangela isenzo esisha yezempi, futhi lokho cishe kwaholela ekuweni uhulumeni.
Sikhuluma inkulumo Jikelele Kornilov. Ukuvukela kwakhe ukuthi ukuyiveza ngosizo amaBolshevik, isikhundla okuyinto ikhuphuke kakhulu ngemuva kwesigameko, okwenza kube lula ngabo ukuza amandla ngo-October walowo nyaka.
Imiphumela
Ikakhulu neqhaza ekuphumeleleni kokuntengantenga Icebo lika ngoJulayi 1917. Ithebula kule Ukubuyekeza kubonisa ukulandelana eyisisekelo yezenzakalo. Ngemva nokudutshulwa ebhala umsebenzi omusha, lapho amemezela ukuthi ukuthula wafinyelela esiteji ekupheleni inguquko. Ngakho, abalungisisayo isidingo kokugumbuqelwa ahlomile uhulumeni. Omunye umphumela obalulekile kokuntengantenga kwaba ukuqedwa amandla ezimbili kuleli zwe. Lokhu kwakubangelwa Ukuhamba KwamaBolshevik ngomshoshaphansi. Kusengenzeka enye yezinkinga kunazo ukuphokophela ahlale inkinga iqhaza wezwe empini.
Inani
I-July Inkinga 1917 uye wasibonisa yobuthakathaka Yesikhashana Uhulumeni kanye nokungakwazi yayo ukuxazulula izinkinga yentuthuko wezwe. izenzakalo ezalandela nakakhulu nethonya amaBolshevik, ngubani ashaqe kalula amandla nje kwezinyanga nekolko. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlubuka kufanele kubhekwe penultimate ochungechungeni zinhlekelele ukuthi bathintitha amandla ophakeme ehlobo kwalowo nyaka.
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