Pacific: impumuzo phansi. Izici impumuzo ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean phansi

Impumuzo yesithakazelo ocean phansi ukuba abacwaningi abaningi, ikhumbula iqiniso lokuthi lokhu isici is akukaqondwa ngokugcwele. Kunoma ikuphi, kukhona izimfihlo futhi ofuna ukuphumela obala kusukela umbono wesayensi imihlola ukuthi uyazifihla ePacific Ocean. Ukuma kwendawo yendlela Ngezansi kwale ngxenye izilwandle zomhlaba kukhona ososayensi nesithakazelo kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, ngakho nge imvamisa enviable ahlelwe yokutadisha efanayo indaba ephathwayo. Lokho mikhankaso yesayensi ukutadisha phansi elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, uthole imiphumela, okuyinto ngesikhathi esisodwa washintsha ngokuphelele ukuqonda hhayi kuphela phansi, kodwa futhi mayelana Geological isakhiwo Zomhlaba bebonke.

platform wasolwandle

Izici the Pacific Ocean sendawo phansi kummangaze abacwaningi abaningi. Kodwa uma kuziwa oda, kufanele uqale nge welithi "ocean ezisekelweni." Zimelela izingxenye ezithile cortex, sekuyisikhathi eside okuyinto walahlekelwa ukuhamba kwabo kanye nekhono ukusonteka. Ososayensi futhi ziyehluka nalabo izingxenye ekujuleni kolwandle, konke okuyizinto sisasebenza ngokwanele, futhi manje - geosyncline. Lezi izifunda asebenzayo we- cortex zivamile zasePacific, okungukuthi ingxenye yayo entshonalanga.

"Ring lomlilo"

Uyini okuthiwa "indandatho lomlilo '? Eqinisweni, i-Pacific ungaphakathi kakhulu isikhungo, futhi yilokho kuba ngokuphongoza nomakhelwane bayo. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa yakho, umhlaba okwamanje zibhaliswe mlilo ezingaba ngu-600, kodwa 418 babo zitholakala osebeni lweChibi ePacific Ocean.

Kukhona izintaba-mlilo, akagcini umsebenzi wayo ngobudlova, ngisho esikhathini sethu. Lokhu kubhekisela ngokuyinhloko edumile Mount Fuji, kanye Klyuchevskoy amagquma. Kunezintaba-mlilo ukuthi kukhona ngokwanele isikhathi eside kubuyise usesimweni ezolile, kodwa ngesinye isikhathi kungenziwa kakhulu siguqulelwa izilo nomlilo-ukuphefumula. Ngokwesibonelo, likhuluma intabamlilo ezifana Bandai-san e-Japan. Ngenxa yalokho uphaphame yakhe yathinteka imizana eminingana.

Ososayensi baye ngisho bhalisiwe mlilo elwandle eliKhulu iPacific.

Izintaba-mlilo siphaphama "indandatho lomlilo"

Ngaphezu intabamlilo ezidumile owaziwa emhlabeni wonke siphaphama Bandai-san has a lot of amacala ezifanayo abikwe. Ngokwesibonelo, le ntaba-mlilo Nameless, elise yezindawo zaseKamchatka, yamemezela yena emhlabeni ngo-1950. Lapho evuka amakhulu eminyaka ubuthongo, izazi zokuzamazama komhlaba ungase ubhalise mayelana 150-200 ukuzamazama komhlaba ngosuku.

kuqhuma kwawo kwaqala umuntu ashade abacwaningi abaningi, abanye babo base bekwazi kamuva ngokuqiniseka futhi ukuthi lokhu kwaba omunye paroxysms enobudlova kakhulu mlilo ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Into kuphela ejabulisa, ukungabi nokuqhuma endaweni wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu nabantu.

Futhi lapha kungenye "silo" - Ruiz intabamlilo eColombia. Awakening yakhe zabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-20 eziyinkulungwane.

Islands Hawaiian

Empeleni, lokho esikubonayo nje kuwukusika elijikayo efihla ePacific Ocean. Izici impumuzo aqukethe ikakhulu yokuthi isikhungo ubabonisa uchungechunge ngokwanele eside izintaba-mlilo. Futhi yileyo zaseHawaii kukhona esiqongweni kwamanzi Hawaiian Ridge, lapho kubhekwa kwekulu wentaba-mlilo ekuqongeleleni nobude obungamamitha angaphezu 2000 amakhilomitha.

Hawaiian Ridge welula kuze kube Midway futhi Kure, okuyinto etholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga.

Hawaii yakhiwe mlilo ezinhlanu asebenzayo Njengoba ivaliwe, ukuphakama abanye babo bangase kube ngaphezu kwamaminithi amakhilomitha amane. Lokhu kubhekisela ngokuyinhloko mlilo of iMauna Kea futhi Loa. Into ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi uma ukukala ukuphakama intabamlilo Loa ne ematheni, okuyinto phansi olwandle, kuvela ukuthi ukuphakama kwalo kuyibanga elingaphezulu kwamakhilomitha angu eziyishumi.

Trench ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean

Olwandle bezijabulisa kakhulu futhi ukufihla izimfihlo eziningi - lena iPacific. Impumuzo phansi ayamangalisa ngekwehlukana kwaso futhi ayizidleke ukucabanga kwabaningi ososayensi izingqondo.

Ngokwezinga elikhulu lokhu kusebenza Pacific Ocean Trench, okuyinto has a ka 4300 amamitha ukujula, nemfundvo ezifanayo element enhle kakhulu ocwaningweni olwalwenziwe. I kunazo owaziwa emhlabeni wonke - Challenger, Galatea, Emden, Cape Johnson, Planet, Snell, Tuscarora, Rama. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Challenger has a obuyizinkulungwane 11 33 amamitha ukujula, kulandele Galatea isivele kuyaqhubeka ne obuyizinkulungwane 10 539 amamitha ukujula yayo. Ukujula Emden kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 10 399 metres, kuyilapho Cape Johnson has a obuyizinkulungwane 10 497 amamitha ukujula. Kakhulu "engajulile" kubhekwa ukucindezeleka Tuscarora nge kanye ubude lonke ku 8000 513 amamitha ukujula walo omkhulu.

seamounts

Uma wake wacela ukuba "Chaza isimo sezwe ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean phansi" - ungakwazi ngokushesha uqale ukukhuluma mayelana seamounts, ngoba yilokhu ngokushesha nentshisekelo interlocutor yakho. Ezansi le ocean emangalisayo has a lot of izintaba kwamanzi ukuthi abizwa ngokuthi "guyots". Basuke izimpawu izihloko zazo flat, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kungaba at a mayelana 1.5 ikhilomitha ukujula, bese kungase kube kakhulu ezijulile.

Imfundiso eziyisisekelo ososayensi lithi seamounts babe izintaba-mlilo ngaphambili owayengenalusizo asebenzayo ezaphakama ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ngemva kwalokho, base agezwa futhi babe ngaphansi kwamanzi. Phela, lo qiniso elishiwo lapha is iyashaqisa abacwaningi, ngoba lokho kungase kubonise ukuthi futhi ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba le ngxenye cortex sihlangabezane uhlobo "subsidence".

Umbhede ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean

Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli isiqondiso bacwaninga besiba, wathumela eziningi mikhankaso yesayensi ukuze uhlole kangcono phansi iPacific. Izithombe zibonisa ukuthi ogxile afake Kulo mthala emangalisayo yakhiwa ubumba abomvu. Ngezinga elincane zingatholakala ezansi blue yl noma afahlazekile coral izinsalela.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izindawo ezinkulu Pacific Ocean phansi ngokuvamile imbozwe kakhudlwana futhi diatoms, globigerina, radiolarian futhi pteropod daka. Kuvele iqiniso elithakazelisayo futhi enjalo ukuthi inhlabathi ezahlukene ngokuvamile ungathola namazinyo oshaka 'noma ngamaqhubu manganese.

Ukwaziswa Okumayelana phansi elwandle eliKhulu iPacific

Ukwakheka Pacific Ocean phansi ezithinta izinto ezifana exogenous futhi endogenous. Zakamuva yangaphakathi futhi zomhlaba - bona ziyabonakala ngesimo ezihlukahlukene ngwenya ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukunyakaza kancane ungqimba lomhlaba kanye nokuqhuma kwezintabamlilo. Yilokho Kuyathakazelisa ePacific Ocean. Ukuma kwendawo yendlela phansi kushintsha njalo ngenxa yokuba khona inombolo enkulu yezintaba-mlilo kokubili elisogwini yayo kanye emanzini ajulile. kukhona imisinga ezahlukene, isimo kolwandle, futhi turbidity ukugeleza nezici exogenous. notshwala ezinjalo ungachazwa ukuthi ayegcwele okuqinile, hhayi ziyoncibilika izinhlayiya amanzi, okuyinto ke ngesivinini nekushaywa emthambekeni. Futhi kakhulu kushintsha impumuzo phansi kanye nezimpilo eziphilayo zasolwandle.

Ososayensi abaningi kakhulu nesithakazelo elwandle eliKhulu iPacific. Impumuzo phansi ngokwemibandela ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana. Okungukuthi: ohlangothini Continental, zone shintsho, ocean phansi, kanye maphakathi no-ocean lamagquma. Kulaba sq kwezigidi ezingu-73. km 10% we-margin yezwekazi ewela uLwandle iPacific.

Emthambekeni yezwekazi siyingxenye ye phansi esesikhundleni eyehlelayo ku degrees 3 noma 6, futhi itholakala emaphethelweni elingaphandle ohlangothini zamazwekazi eshalofini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ogwini wentaba-mlilo efanayo noma coral iziqhingi, okuyinto ecebile elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, ukuphambuka kungenzeka kuze 40 noma 50 degrees efanayo.

Izoni inguqulelo libhekene khona amafomu yesibili, okuzokwenziwa etholakala umyalelo oqinile. Okungukuthi - nomgodi lokuqala ulwandle abekelwe emaceleni eseduze unyawo ezweni nemisinga eya olwandle kuyothiwa engavimba emaweni izintaba. Lena ngempela ejwayelekile iJapane, East China, uMariana, Aleutian esijwayelekile inguqulelo zigaba, okuyinto zitholakala entshonalanga yePacific Ocean.