Ayinawo amagama - intaba-mlilo yaseKamchatka. Ukuqhuma kwe-volcanic

Kulesi sihloko sifuna ukukhuluma nge-Volcano eNameless. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kubhekwa njengento esebenzayo, ukuqhuma kwayo kwabonakala ngo-1956. Ngakho-ke yikuphi ukuqhuma kweNtaba eNameless e-Kamchatka? Yini enye ayithandayo? Ake sikhulume ngalokhu.

Indawo ye-volcano

Intaba ye-Bezymyannyi iphakathi nendawo yeqembu laseKluchevskaya, hhayi kude noKlyuchevsky. Uma sikhuluma ngalokho okuyiyo, i-array ehlanganisiwe nephezulu ephukile. Engxenyeni esempumalanga yayo kukhona i-fragment yentaba-mlilo endala, iningi layo labhujiswa ngenkathi kuqhuma ukuqhuma kwe-1956. Ingxenye encane engeningizimu-ntshonalanga kuphela isinda. Ingxenye entshonalanga ye-massif yi-Volcano eNameless. Izindebe zalo zigcwele ukugeleza okukhulu kwamanzi, okuqala kwawo kukhona eningizimu-ntshonalanga naseningizimu. Futhi ezinyaweni kunezindlu eziyishumi nesithupha zeminyaka ehlukene ngokuphelele nokubunjwa. I-top of ruined is a crater enkulu (ububanzi - 1.3 x 2.8 amakhilomitha), enkabeni yayo kukhona ukwakheka okusha okubizwa ngokuthi idome.

Ngesikhathi sePleistocene sekwephuzile, endaweni lapho iNameless (volcano) isendaweni khona manje, kwakhiwa ama-dacite formations. Kwakunezinkulungwane ezingu-16. Eminyakeni eyishumi nanye nanye nanye ishumi nanye eyedlule emithambekeni yeVolcane iLiwe lakhiwa uNameless. I-Stratovolcano yaqala ukwakha iminyaka engu-5500 edlule. Umsebenzi walezi zindawo wazenza waziwa eminye iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili.

Izikhathi zomsebenzi we-Nameless

I-Nameless (i-volcano eKamchatka) iye yasebenza eminyakeni engu-2500 edlule. Ngokwemvelo, lesi sikhathi singahlukaniswa ngezikhathi ezintathu. Ngokusekelwe ezinhlakalweni zomlotha womlotha, kungacatshangwa ukuthi izikhathi zokuqalisa ziyizikhathi ezilandelayo:

1. Eminyakeni engu-2400-1700 edlule.
2. 13 500-1000.
3. Kusukela ngo-1965 kuze kube manje.

Ukuqhuma kwe-volcano. Nameless, ngo-1956

Ngezikhathi zangaphambili zokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, ososayensi bangakwazi ukwahlulela ngokubunjwa kwamadwala ezintaba-mlilo. Kodwa mayelana nokuqhuma kokugcina, kwakungakaze kudlule isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukukhuluma ngakho ngokuningiliziwe.

Ngaphambi kokuba ukuphakama kwe-volcano kwakungamamitha angu-3100. Ngaleso sikhatsi esiqongweni sayo kwakuyi-crater ecacile kahle enesisindo esingangxenye yekhilomitha. Engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-crater kwakukhona i-slag cone (yangaphakathi). Eduze phezulu emithambekeni yayinqunywe yizintambo ze-volcanic. Ngaleso sikhathi umlilo wenyuka wawubhekwa njengokuphela isikhathi eside. Akekho oye wacabanga ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi lungangena ngaphakathi kuye. Konke kwashintsha ukuqhuma kwentaba. U-1956 ongenamagama wanikeza "isimanga" esingalindelekile, okuyinto enzima ukuyibiza imnandi. Ukuqhuma kwalo kubizwa ngokuthi kuyingozi, ngoba kwenzeke ngemuva kwesikhathi eside kakhulu sokuphumula, okwenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyinkulungwane. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukuqhuma kwentaba kwakubhekwa sengathi sekuphelile. Futhi ukuqhuma kuka-1956 kwavula isikhathi esisha sokuphila komphekula, okuqhubekayo.

Kungani kwakungabonwa ukuthi uNameless uyaphela?

Kumele ngithi ukungabi khona kwezibonakaliso zomsebenzi ngesikhathi esifanele kubangele ukunganakwa kancane eNameless, futhi ngokuphelele. Kodwa kwakukhona ososayensi abathile abacabanga ukuthi le ntaba isakwazi ukunikeza isimanga. Futhi kwenzeka. Ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu lokhu kucabangela kwakulungele ukugcwele.

Ngo-1955, esiteshini saseKlyuchevskaya, ama-seismographs aqopha ukuzamazama okukhulu ngokuya eNameless. Kodwa-ke, lezi zibonakaliso azishintsanga isimo sengqondo sabachwepheshe kuye. Ngesizathu esithile, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lo mcimbi uhlotshaniswa nalokho okuzokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo kolunye uhlangothi oluseceleni lwe-volcano, njengoKryuchevsky.

Futhi ngo-Okthoba 22, intaba-mlilo engashiwo ngamagama ivuselelwe ngendlela engalindelekile kuyo wonke umuntu.

Ukuphila okusha kwe-volcano esebenzayo

Ukuqhuma kwe-volcano (Nameless akunakulinganiswa kakhulu) kwaqala ngomswakama onamandla kakhulu, okwenyuka ukuphakama kwamakhilomitha amahlanu. Kodwa ngokungazelelwe intaba-mlilo yaqala ukwehla. Kwakukhona umqondo wokuthi lokhu, eqinisweni, konke sekuphelile. Nokho, konke kwahluka ngokuphelele ...

Kakade ngo-March 1956 ukuqhuma okuqine kakhulu kwadonsela indawo yonke. Amaqembu amakhulu omlotha agijimela endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Isiqongo se-volcano saqedwa ngokuphelele. Endaweni yayo, kwakhiwa umshini onamakhilomitha amahlanu nengxenye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphakama kwayo kwancipha ngokushesha ngamamitha angu-250.

Ukuqhuma ngokwayo kwakuqondiswe empumalanga.

Imiphumela ebuhlungu yokuqhuma

Kwakunamandla kangangokuthi ekude kwamakhilomitha angaba ngu-25 zonke izihlahla zashiswa futhi zachithwa. Isihlabathi esishisayo, umlotha, nama-debris ahlanganisa ungqimba olukhulu kakhulu endaweni engamakhilomitha angu-500 km. Cishe zonke izimila zabhujiswa. Iqhwa elandisiwe ebusika laphuma ngokushesha futhi lagijimela esigodini elinemifudlana engcolile. Kwathathwa futhi izingcezu zezihlahla ababezithathile. Amanzi adlula esigodini, ephethe ukungcola okuningi, amatshe nezinkuni, okwakuvela kuwo ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Umfudlana onobuhlungu izinsuku eziningi wonakalisa amanzi aseKamchatka, okwenza kube yinto engafaneleki ukusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcola kwesibabule kwaholela ekufeni kwezinhlanzi. Ukumangaza okunjalo kwanikezwa yi-Volcano eNameless Beer Kamchatka.

Ngemuva kokuba kwakhiwe umkhonto, i-dome ebomvu ye-lava yaqala ukuvela phezulu. Ngo-1966, ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi ngemva kokuqhuma kwalo, ukukhuphukela entabeni ethile kwakuvezwa ukuba khona kokuphila kuwo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kwakungezwa ngokucacile ukuthuthumela okukhulu ngaphansi kwezinyawo zami, okwenza ukuba izigubhu ziqhubekele phansi emithambekeni, kanye nama-gas jets ayenuka nge-sulfur rose emithini eminingi. Ukunyuka kwakungakapheli, kwakudingeka nje kumiswe.

Okumangazayo okusha kusuka ku-volcano esebenzayo

Namuhla untaba-mlilo ongenamagama yi-volcano esebenzayo yaseKamchatka. Ukuqhuma kuka-1956 kwaba yikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni wonke esikhathini samanje. Ngemuva kwalesi senzakalo iNtaba yaseNameless ivuke kabili. Kodwa zombili izimpukane zazibuthakathaka (ngo-1977, 1984). Umsebenzi wakhe wabonakala ngo-1984. Kodwa ngonyaka ka-1985 lo mlilo wanikeza isimanga esisha.

Ekupheleni kukaJuni, ukushaqeka okusha kubhalisiwe. Iqembu lama-volcanologists lathunyelwa endaweni ngaphansi kwesigungu se-Firstov PP A. NgoJuni 29, u-Bezymyannyi waphinde waqhuma. Kwakhona, kwakukhona ukulahla okuqondisayo empumalanga. Ukuqhuma kwakunamandla kakhulu. Ngamandla, waba ngowesibili ngemva kuka-1956. Futhi, akekho okulindele lokhu kusuka ku-Nameless. Wacatshangwa ukuthi usevele efundwe ngokwanele, ku-jolts ayo ajwayele ukujwayela. Leli qembu, eliya endaweni, lafa cishe futhi lasinda ngokuyisimangaliso.

Cabanga ukuthi ifu elivuthayo lahamba ngamakhilomitha ayishumi nambili futhi labhubhisa zonke izimila ezincane ezavele zivele endaweni engafani ngemva kokuqhuma kokugcina. Izindlu zezintaba-mlilo, ezakhiwe ezinyaweni, nazo zabhujiswa. Ngenhlanhla, ngaleso sikhathi babengenakhamuzi. Le dome, eyakhiwa ngemva kokuqhuma ngo-1956, yasinda, kodwa lesi sigodi sakhula futhi.

Ukubona okungavamile

Iziqhumane zinezinto ezikhethekile ukuze zihlale "zikulungele ukulwa". Imisho efanayo kanye neNameless. Njengoba isipiliyoni sibonisa, ngaso sonke isikhathi udinga ukuqapha. Ngisho noma namhlanje ephuzile ngokuphelele, akusho lutho. Ngokushesha angaphila. Ukungabi namagama isikhathi eside kwenza uzizwe uqobo. Njalo njalo lokhu kwenzeka ngokungalindelekile ngokuphelele. Ukuqhuma ngalunye kuyamangalisa, kuyamangalisa. Isici somlilo esinamandla, ukugeleza okushisayo okushisa okushisa, ukuqhuma nokuqhumisa ngamatshe. Lokhu konke ukuqhuma kwe-volcanic. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi othile abone ubufakazi obunjalo bemvelo emuntwini, khona-ke umuntu uyashintsha unomphela isimo sakhe sengqondo kubo. Zonke izimpikiswano zeNameless zenzeka ngokuqhuma okukhulu nokubhujiswa okukhulu.

Thayipha nefomu le-Nameless

Esikhathini salo , i-volcano isakhiwo se-geological emhlabathini, lapho i-lava egazini ifika khona phezulu futhi yakha amadwala entaba-mlilo. Ngomsebenzi, izintaba-mlilo zihlukaniswe zibe zisebenza, ziphelile futhi ziphele. Futhi ngesimo semfundo, i-stratovolcanoes, i-thyroid, i-slag nezinye izinto zihlukanisiwe. Ukungabi namagama kubhekisela ezintabeni eziqhumayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, yi-stratovolcano uhlobo lwezemfundo.

Indima yeNameless in volcanology emhlabeni

Hlola futhi uchaze izintaba-mlilo zaqala kuphela ngekhulu le-XVIII. Incwadi yokuqala emifuleni yaseKamchatka yanyatheliswa ngu-Krashennikov P. ngo-1756. Iqukethe ulwazi mayelana nemithombo eshisayo nama-giants alawa maindawo, kufaka phakathi uNamagama. Kamuva kwakukhona neminye imisebenzi. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, i-Atlas of Volcano ye-USSR yashicilelwa. Futhi ngonyaka ka-1991, umsebenzi wanamuhla wabonakala ezintabeni eziqhumayo eKamchatka, lapho iziqhwaga ezisebenzayo zachazwa khona ngokwanele. Ngenxa yokuqhuma kuka-1956, u-Bezymyanny unomphela wehla emlandweni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uhlobo olusha luvele e-volcanology yomhlaba - "Nameless", noma "ukuqhuma okuqhutshwayo". Ngaphambilini, kwakungekho magama anjalo kwisayensi.

Ikusasa lamaNameless

Ososayensi-izintaba-mlilo zakwazi ukubuyisela umlingiswa womsebenzi ongenamagama kule minyaka eyi-2500 eyinkulungwane. Ukuhlulelwa ngezigaba zangaphambili kunzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kutholakale ukuthi lo msebenzi unomlingiswa othasayo. Ngokufanisa nezinkathi zangaphambilini, kungenzeka ukudweba iziphetho ezithile mayelana nokuziphatha okuzayo kwe-volcano. Manje singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi okwamanje, uNameless usephakathi komgwaqo kuze kufike isikhathi esilandelayo somsebenzi oqinile. Ukucabangela ubude bezinkathi ezedlule, kungenzeka ukuthi ucabange ngamathuba amakhulu ukuthi umjikelezo wamanje uzohlala eminyakeni eyi-100 ukuya kweyengu-200.

Ososayensi baqaphela isici esithakazelisayo seNameless. Ubuhlobo bokuqhuma kwawo kwashintsha cishe eminyakeni eyi-1400 edlule. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukuqhuma kwezinhlekelele kuye kwaba yisici sakhe. Kumele ngithi ukuqhuma kuka-1956 kwaba namandla kunabo bonke. Njengoba kunokunyuka kwesikhashana kulo mphumela, kungacatshangwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo intaba-mlilo izoletha esinye isimanga ngesimo somsebenzi owengeziwe.