Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi nezindawo zazo zokuhlala

Wonke umdobi ozihloniphayo uyazi ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu emhlabeni wezinhlanzi. Esikhathini sabo, lezizinto eziphilayo ziyingxenye yezingqinamba, kodwa izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ziqala kusukela ezincane kuya ezinkulu, kusukela olwandle kuya emfuleni, njalonjalo. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlanzi ezifana nazo, lapho zihlala khona nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Sithemba ukuthi uzothola lolu lwazi luwusizo!

Kancane kancane ngezinhlanzi

Ama-pisces angama-vertebrates emanzini wezilwane zama-maxillary eziphefumula emigodini. Bangaphila cishe kunoma yimuphi echibini: emanzini anosawoti futhi ahlanzekile, aqala ngemifudlana futhi aphelise olwandle. Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, izinhlanzi zihlobo lohlobo, ngoba zine-skeleton yangaphakathi ku-axis, okuthiwa yi-chord.

Izinhlobo zamanzi emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule zazingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-34. Esikhathini sesayensi kunesigaba esikhethekile esinikezwe ekutadisheni izinhlanzi. Ibizwa nge-ichthyology.

Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi

Njengoba kuyaziwa, izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ziyingxenye enkulu ku-ichthyology. Yebo, ngokungangabazeki, ososayensi bachitha isikhathi esiningi becwaninga lezi zilwane. Izinhlanzi zihlobo lohlobo, njengalokhu kukhulunywe ngenhla, kodwa inhlanzi ngayinye inezici zayo.

I-physiology ne-anatomy yezinhlanzi

Zonke izidalwa ezifakiwe kuhlobo lwezinhlanzi zesikhumba zihlanganiswe isikhumba nezikali (kungabandakanyi amacala angavamile). Isikhumba sinezigijimi ezimbili: i-epidermis ne-dermis. I-epidermis iqala imfihlo evumela ukuthi isikhumba sivikelwe. Ukwakheka kwesilinganiso, i-dermisi idlala indima ebalulekile - ungqimba lwesikhumba sangaphakathi.

Izinhlanzi ze-Bony, ngokungafani nabanye, zinezilinganiso ezihlukahlukene. Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, ngokuqondile, izinhlanzi kulokhu noma lolo hlobo, zithole izici zesembozo se-scaly. Ngakho, ku-sturgeon scales ganoid. Ivela emafetheni amathambo agcwele i-ganoid. Izilinganiso ze-bony fish eziphila esikhathini sethu, kuthiwa i-elasmoid futhi ihlukaniswe ibe yindilinga kanye ne-dentate. Isikali sinamalungiselelo avumela ukuthi amapuleti angaphambili aqhubekele ngemuva. Kungekudala nje, ososayensi bathole ukuthi ngenxa yesikhumba se-scalloped, izakhiwo ze-hydrodynamics zanda kwi-waterfowl.

Inhlanzi enemibala inezinhlobonhlobo zembala, ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye imibala "ziyisixwayiso", ezivumela umzimba ukuthi uphephe, ube eduze kwesidla. Futhi, imibala ingaba yiphundu, isihlabathi, isihlabathi. Konke kuxhomeke emvelweni, izici zamanzi emzimbeni. Ziyini izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, izikhali zazo zemvelo, okunjalo nembala.

Uhlelo lwe-musculoskeletal yenhlanzi luyisimiso saso samathambo namathambo. Kuvela ukuthi ngaphambili babenemigqa yesithathu, kodwa izakhi zaphenduka emhlathini. Gcwalisa inhlanzi ngqo ngosizo lwezinhlayiya ezihlangene nezingaphelelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yamaphesenti, benza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izinhlanzi zezilwane zasemanzini ezinamahloni zinemisebe yama-bony, futhi iziqhumane ezindala. Izinhlanzi eziningi zisebenzisa i-caudal fin njengoba "injini" enkulu. Umgogodla wezinhlanzi wenziwa ngenxa ye-vertebrae engalahlekile. Inqubo yokudoba inhlanzi ingenxa yokwehlukaniswa kwemisipha, enamathele emthonjeni.

I-musculature yezinhlanzi iye "ihamba kancane" futhi "iyashesha" imisipha. Unomqondo omuhle kakhulu wokuthinta nokuphunga, okubasiza ukuba baqondise kahle emvelweni lapho bekhona, futhi bagweme izindawo ezingathandeki. Izinselelo eziningi zinenhliziyo ephakathi kwamabili, uhlelo lokujikeleza, uhlelo lokujikeleza oluvaliwe. Igazi lijikeleza ngokusebenzisa izigundane nezicubu ezivela enhliziyweni.

Ukudla kwezidalwa eziphilayo kulandela lokhu: inhlanzi ibamba ukudla ngokuyibeka ngamazinyo. Ukudla okuvela emlonyeni kufanele kube emphinjeni, bese kungena esiswini, lapho kusetshenzwa khona nge-enzyme kusuka kumswakama wesisu. Inhlanzi inokukhetha okuhle kokudla. Bangadla ipankton, imvuthu, izibungu, ezinye i-Fry, nabanye abameleli abakhulu beklasi. Kodwa ngokuvamile, izinhlanzi ziyi-herbivourous, izilwane ezidliwayo kanye nama-antiphages. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu, abaningi bayakwazi ukushintsha uhlobo lwabo lokudla, isibonelo, ekuqaleni kokuphila kunezinyosi zomhlaba kanye ne-plankton, futhi lapho umuntu esemdala adla abamele abancane noma abakhulu bemvelo yamanzi.

Izinhlanzi zinenkinga ngokucindezela, isibonelo, ukucindezeleka kwabo kungase kube ngaphansi kwezingcindezi zemvelo, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi lezi ziphilayo eziphilayo zinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-urea, lokhu kucindezelwa kulawulwa.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, kungaphetha ngokuthi izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zihlukene kakhulu, futhi ngamunye wazo zibhekene nesakhiwo esihlukile, ubungako, umsoco, ukuziphatha. Bonke bohlukile, futhi abadobi, ngaphambi kokubamba izinhlanzi, kufanele sifunde ngabo bonke!