Ubani ohlala iminyaka engama-300? Kungani izimpungushe zihlala iminyaka engama-300?

Khumbula, ezindabeni zezingane kaningi kukhona okukhulunywa ngakho ukuthi, ukusho, iqhawe elithile emva kokunye, njengombuso, izimpendulo eziphumelelayo, zibuse futhi zahlala isikhathi eside? Ngokuqinisekile, abaningi bethu bazokwazi ukukhumbula ngisho nezibonelo ezimbalwa.

Kodwa wake wacabanga ngomuntu ohlala iminyaka engu-300 empeleni? Futhi ingabe zikhona izidalwa ezinjalo emhlabeni wonke, noma ingabe konke lokhu kuphila isikhathi eside - okungekho okungaphezu kwalokho okwakusungulwa kwamuva kwabalobi bezesayensi?

Ake sizame ukuqonda isimo. Kule ngqikithi, sithola ulwazi lwezesayensi futhi silungise ukuthi ubani ohlala iminyaka engu-300 eplanethi yoMhlaba nokuthi ngabe kungenzeka yini lokhu. Umfundi uzozijwayeza izinhlobo eziningana zezidalwa eziphilayo futhi athole incazelo emfushane yomsebenzi wabo wokuphila.

Isigaba 1. Ulwazi olujwayelekile

Vumelanisa, isihloko sokungafi kuhlale kusesimweni sokukhathazeka. Mhlawumbe kungaba ubuwula ukubuza ukuthi kungani. Yebo, iphuzu lonke ukuthi lokhu kuzovumela abantu ukuba babe namandla phezu kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ungacabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma ekugcineni sithola ikhono lokuvuselela izitho ezingekho kahle futhi ubuyisele imilenze elahlekile? Ukuze uyibeke ngomusa, kungaba kuhle!

Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abahamba kahle emhlabeni wonke basebenzela inkinga yokukhulisa impilo, kodwa, ngeshwa, lokhu kuhlala kuphela emaphupheni.

Kodwa uma kuthiwa lolu hlobo lwamathuba luyisifiso nje kuphela, ngakho-ke izilwane eziningi lokhu kulandelana kwezinto. Yiqiniso, abahlali phakade, futhi njengathi, baguga futhi bafe ngenkathi, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nendoda bangabanikazi bangempela besikhathi eside. Futhi abanye abantu basinda ngisho nabafowabo futhi babengufakazi bokuzibonela ngezenzakalo eziningi zomlando emhlabeni. Kuyasihawu ukuthi asizange sifunde ukuyiqonda kahle ... Yeka ulwazi olungakanani olungatholakala!

Ngakho yisiphi isilwane esihlala emhlabeni esihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu? Ingabe kukhona abanikazi berekhodi? Ake sicabangele izibonelo ezimbalwa ezikholisayo.

Isigaba 2. Amazing red sea urchin

Lezi zidalwa zasolwandle ezingavamile zihlala emanzini asePacific Ocean, ikakhulukazi ogwini olusentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Ama-urchins asolwandle abomvu bakhetha izindawo zokuthula endaweni engasenakubalwa olwandle futhi ngokuvamile zihlala ngokujule okungenani ngamamitha angu-90. Ubude bokuphila kwabo buyikhulu leminyaka.

Ososayensi bayazi ukuthi bonke bahamba kancane, bazihlanganisa nomhlabathi wasolwandle futhi badla ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincane ezigwinya ngamanzi bese zihlungiwe.

Abacwaningi banamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi i-echinoderms yalezi zinhlobo cishe azifi futhi ayinayo izibonakaliso zokuguga. Ngendlela, ama-urchins asemanzini aneminyaka eyi-100 anjengezihlobo zawo ezineminyaka engu-10 ubudala. Bangase bafe kuphela izifo noma izidumbu.

Ngempela, i-sea urchin yilabo abahlala iminyaka engama-300, mhlawumbe ngisho nangaphezulu.

Isigaba 3. Uke wezwa mayelana neHatteria?

Lesi silwane esingaqondakali sifundwa kahle eminyakeni eminingi emva kokuthola. Ngokulandelayo, kwavela ukuthi lezi zidalwa zanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba izigidi zeminyaka edlule, futhi ama-hatteria ahlala ewukuphela kwezinhlobo zale nqola yezilwane ezinwabuzelayo.

Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi isakhiwo sangaphakathi sezidumbu ze-hatteria sinomzimba ofana ne-crocodile, i-tortle, inhlanzi nenyoka, kanye nama-megalosaurs yasendulo, ahlala isikhathi eside, ichthyosaurs kanye ne-teleosaurs.

Kuze kube manje, ngokuqinisekile kungashiwo ukuthi ama-hatteria ahlala esikhathini sesikhathi se-dinosaur futhi angafinyelela eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili.

Isigaba 4. I-whale yaseGreenland

I-whale yesikhumba somnsalo inombala omnyama futhi ayikho i-dorsal fin. Ubude bezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu bungaba ngamamitha angu-20, nesisindo - amathani ayikhulu.

Ngokungafani nezinye izigodi ezifudukela kwezinye izindawo, iWhaleland i-whale ihlala emanzini ase-Arctic nase-subarctic kuphela. Ngeshwa, namuhla inani lalaba giant liye lahla kakhulu, futhi ngokuqinisekile liyingozi.

Kwesinye sezihloko zososayensi wase-University of Alaska Ned Rozella uchaza i-whale engaphezu kweminyaka engu-210. Yiqiniso, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukunemba kwendlela esetshenziselwa ukunquma imingcele yobudala kwaba ngu-16% kuphela, okusho ukuthi kunamathuba amakhulu ukuthi lesi silwane singaba neminyaka eyi-177-245 ubudala.

Lezi zifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-whale bowhead ingenye yezilwane ezincelisayo zasendulo emhlabeni, nakuba ku-media, njengombuso, kunemibiko yokuthi izakhamuzi ezihlala njalo ezintanjeni zamanzi ziphila iminyaka engama-300, kanti bonke abanye abamele umbuso ongaphansi kwamanzi akunakwenzeka . Kuyafaneleka ukuzindla ...

Isigaba 5. I-Khanako carp

I-Carp koi ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa kwe-carp ejwayelekile, ehlanganiswa emachibini angadini ajwayelekile kithi sonke.

Inhlanzi yalezi zinhlobo ingaba nombala ohlukile, iphethini noma ubukhulu bezilinganiso. Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo zembala emhlophe, emnyama, ebomvu, ephuzi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ekhrimu.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ubudala be-carp bungabalwa inani lamasongo esikalini. Ngendlela, ubudala bomuthi bubekwa futhi namasongo ahlala esihlahleni. Umdala omdala kunazo zonke uKoi Hanako, owashona ngoJulayi 1977, waphila iminyaka engaba ngu-226.

Isigaba 6. I-turtle enkulu

Izimbiza ezinamanzi ezinwabuzelayo zingabhekwa njengezinhlanzi ezinkulu ze-Seychelles, ezidume ngokuphila kwazo isikhathi eside. Ukuphila kwabo okulinganiselwe kokuphila sekuyiminyaka eyi-100-150. Yiqiniso, angeke kuthiwa yilabo abahlala iminyaka engu-300 empeleni, kodwa, ngokusho kocwaningi ososayensi banamuhla, omunye wabameleli bezinhlobo ezikhulunywe ngazo yi-turtle Advaita, edlulele zonke izihlobo zayo futhi waphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-250.

Ikhulu lokugcina lokuba khona kwakhe u-Advaita wachitha ekuthunjweni e-zoo edolobheni laseCalcutta, lapho afela khona esemdala. Ukuphila kwesikhukhula isikhathi eside akuzange kuthinteke ngisho nokungabi khona kwemvelo kanye nesikhala esinqunyiwe, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi, njengamthetho, elimaza izilwane.

Isigaba 7. I-Goldfish Tishka

Izinhlanzi ezihlobisa, ezihlala emanzini, azikwazi ukuphila futhi ziphile isikhathi eside, zivame ukugula futhi zife. Ngokuvamile bayamjabulisa abanikazi babo ngokungaphezu konyaka owodwa. Kodwa enye yegolide ebizwa ngokuthi uTish yaba yiqhawe langempela lokujabula futhi yachitha iminyaka engu-43 emanzini.

Abanikazi bezinhlanzi ezincane bazuzwe ngengozi endalini. Ngabo, wachitha impilo yakhe yonke aze agugile. Wayefakwe kuGuinness Book of Records njengenhlanzi endala kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Isigaba 8. Empeleni, ingabe igwababa lihlala iminyaka engama-300?

Ngokuvamile, ngingathanda ukuphawula ngokushesha ukuthi isitatimende esinjalo singaphezu nje kwezinganekwane ezakhiwe ngabathandi balezi zinyoni nokuxhuma nazo izimfihlakalo eziningi, izinganekwane kanye nezimfihlo.

Ngakho-ke, ake sizame ukuqonda futhi sibheke inkinga kusuka ekubukeni kwesayensi. Zingaki izimpungushe zihlala? Iminyaka engama-300? 200? Futhi kungenzeka ukuthi akafi?

Kwakuhlale kukholelwa ukuthi laba abameleli bezinsizwa eziphilayo bangaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Kodwa, ngokukhuluma ngokuphila kwalezi zinyoni, kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izikhukhula ezizoxoxwa ngazo. Kuyini ukudoba? Ake sizame ukuchaza. Into yokuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili: amasela namadoda anampi, ngalinye elikhona isikhathi sokuphila, kuye ngokuthi imvelo nokuqukethwe.

Ngakho, amasela. Ngokwemvelo, lezi zilwane eziphilayo zitholakala ezifweni ezihlukahlukene, ukuhlaselwa izitha nokuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco. Uma sicabanga ukuthi lezi zinyoni zihlala kakhulu eduze komuntu, isimo semvelo semidolobha emikhulu sinokubaluleka okukhulu. Yikuphi kwalokhu okuyisiphetho? Kulula kakhulu! Embuzweni wokuthi iyiphi inyoni ehlala iminyaka engu-300, ungaphendula ngokuphephile: hhayi nje isikhala! Ekuthunjweni, angaphila iminyaka engama-30, futhi emvelweni - ayikho ngaphezu kuka-10-15.

Abafowabo baseVorona bankulu kakhulu futhi banhle kakhulu, izimpaphe zabo ezimnyama zikhanya futhi zithuthuka ngokuhlaza, okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu. Kodwa-ke, umbuzo othi "kungani izimpungushe zihlala iminyaka engu-300", ngeshwa, zingabhekiswa kwisigaba sokuziphendulela. Kungani? Into ewukuthi lokhu kuphila isikhathi eside, kanye nezindaba ezilezi zinyoni ezinabantu abayisishiyagalolunye, akuyona into engcono nje kuphela, kodwa ayisekelwe yiwo wonke amaqiniso esayense.

Noma kunjalo, izimpungushe zihlala isikhathi esingakanani ? Empeleni, abantu abathunjiwe bangaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-70. Futhi ezimweni zemvelo zokuphila, impilo yabo ingaphansi - iminyaka engu-30-40, ngokwesilinganiso, izinyoni ziyafa eneminyaka engu-10-15.

Isigaba 9. Umakhelwane ongapheli wePlanethi emhlabeni

Yiqiniso, akunjalo, kodwa ummemezeli ongapheli weplanethi yethu yi-jellyfish Turritopsis nutricula, ehlala emanzini ashisayo nasezingeni eliphansi.

Okuyingqayizivele kwalesi sidalwa yukuthi iyakwazi ukuguqula umjikelezo wokuphila wayo wokuthuthukiswa - kusuka kumuntu omdala ubuyela esiteji sokuqala, uguquke ube yi-polyp encane. Imfihlo yokuphila okuphakade ye-jellyfish yikhono lokuguquguquka, elihlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwamaseli ohlobo olulodwa kolunye. Lesi simo asisencane okufundiswa ososayensi.

I-adult jellyfish, efinyelela ebusheni, ihlala phansi olwandle, idonsa izintambo futhi iqala ukuphenduka i-polyp. Ukuguqulwa kwamaseli omzimba wonke kungenziwa njalo, ngakho lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukuphila phakade. Kubonakala ukuthi ukufa kwezinhlobo ze-gelatinous zezinhlobo ezikhulunywa ngazo akuhlobene nokuguga. Ingozi enkulu kubo imelelwa yizifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezilwane ezidliwayo. Ngenxa yesipho sokuqala sokuvuselela, lezi zidakamizwa zihlala cishe lonke ulwandle lomhlaba, futhi asengozini yokuqedwa.

Ososayensi abanesithakazelo bafunda isenzakalo sokungafi kwe-jellyfish. Zonke izicwaningo zenziwa ezimweni zokubhubhisa, kanti ochwepheshe banethemba lokuthi imisebenzi yesayensi izosiza ekudaluleni imfihlo yokuphila okuphakade nentsha. Yebo, njengoba besho, linda futhi ubone!