Izintuthwane ezimbi: incazelo nesithombe

Kuze kube manje, "izintuthwane ezibulalayo", eziyingozi kubantu, zikhona, kodwa azikho ezinkulu kakhulu. Njengoba besho, ngokwesaba, amehlo aphezulu. Izindaba ezesabekayo mayelana nezintuthwane zomlilo ziye zathola isimo sezinganekwane ezivela kumuntu othanda ukuphazamisa izinzwa zakhe ngokulala embhedeni.

Kukhona iqiniso elithile kulezi zindaba. Izintuthwane eziyingozi ezweni lethu zikhona, kodwa zinegama elihluke ngokuphelele. Izazi ze-biologist ngolimi lwabo lwezesayensi zaqala ukuzibiza ngokuthi "izintuthwane ezivutha umlilo" ukuze bakwazi ukulimaza ubuhlungu obuhlungu obuhlungu.

Amanye amaqiniso avela emlandweni

Ekuqaleni, lezi zinambuzane eziyingozi zahlala eBrazil, kubhekwa njengezwe lakubo. Ngo-1900, lapho ukuhweba kwezinkomo kwaqala ukusungulwa, abesebenzi bezingozi babehlala e-United States. Le mpahla "ephilayo" enezinambuzane ezinobungozi yayisemikhumbi yomthengisi, eyolwandle eyayiyisa endaweni entsha.

Izintuthwane ezivuthayo zaqala ukwanda ezinombalwa ezingenakubalwa. Kwakungekho izitha zemvelo lapha, isimo sezulu siyakufanelekela ukuzwa ukhululekile - lokhu kuyimpumelelo enkulu ezinambuzane eziyingozi, kwakungesono ukuba ungayisebenzisi. Izintuthwane zathuthela eCalifornia, zithatha izindawo ezintsha.

Uma ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 izintuthwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni zilinganiselwe ensimini yaseNingizimu Melika, manje ziseMexico, eNingizimu Melika, eziqhingini zaseCaribbean. Indawo yokuhlala yezintuthwane zomlilo yaba amazwe ase-Australia, eMalaysia, ePhilippines, eChina.

Izidalwa zomlilo zahlabela abalimi, izilwane zasendle nezifuywayo. Bayivimbezele umhlaba wezolimo nezakhiwo, bachithe amasheya okusanhlamvu. Ama-anthill awo ayemisiwe emigwaqweni lapho kufanele ukudlula khona. Konke lokhu kwehlisa isithombe samazwe ase-capitalist.

I-Red Fire Ant: Incazelo

Bangobani, yiziphi lezi "zilo" ezincane ezibukeka? Ukubukeka kufana nendwangu evamile, umehluko phakathi kwabo umbala kuphela. Izintuthwane ezivuthayo, izithombe zabo eziphambi kwakho, zibe ne-reddish tints, ngakho-ke igama labo. Igama labo libuye ngenxa yokukwazi ukushisa ngesikhathi sokulunywa. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane. Ubude bomzimba buxhomeke ezimweni zangaphandle zokuhlala futhi buyi-2-6 mm. Umzimba uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: ikhanda, isifuba, isisu. Inhloko nesifuba zilula ngaphezu kwesisu. Njengabanye abameleli balo mndeni, abahlukumezi bomlilo obomvu banezinyawo eziyisithupha ezinamandla.

Izintuthwane zibalwa njengezinambuzane ezinezinguquko eziphelele. Ukuthuthukiswa kwazo kunezigaba ezine:

1. Amaqanda.
2. Isibungu.
3. Pupa.
4. Inambuzane endala.

Isibungu sifana nesidalwa esingenakuzisiza esifana nesibungu. Akakwazi ukuhambisa futhi adle yedwa. Yenziwa ngabasebenzi ngabanye, kuze kube yilapho i-larva, isidlulisele izigaba eziningana ze-molting, ayitholi isisindo esifanele ukuba sibe yi-pupa.

Ngosuku lokugcina ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwenzeka, i-larva iyeka ukudla nokukhipha amathumbu. Abasebenzi banakekela udonsa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanele bamsize ukuba ashiye i-cocoon.

Indlela yokuphila kwezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu

Izintuthwane zibhekwa njengezinambuzane, ezingabangela ukumangala okukhulu. Ungaqala ngeqiniso lokuthi lezi zidalwa ezingenalo ubuchopho obuphuthumayo, lapho zivikela umndeni kanye nokukhipha ukudla, zisebenza ngokucacile ngendlela ehleliwe. Bayamangala futhi ngesakhiwo somphakathi wabo. Izinambuzane ezinobungozi kunazo zonke, izintuthwane zomlilo, zihlala endaweni eyakhiwe ngamandla abo, futhi ukukhiqiza kwabo nakho kudlula lapho. Abantu abathintekayo banalo ikhono lokuzala ngokukhipha i-cloning, ukuxubana kuphela ekuhoxisweni kwabasebenzi abayinyumba. Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe, indlovukazi inikeza inzalo eningi (cishe izintuthwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha). Ukudla kwalezi zintuthwane kuqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane, abazihlukanisi futhi bazidla ngokulangazela izinhlobo ezimbili. Ngokuvamile, izinambuzane ezinokuzikhethela zidla amahlumela ezitshalo ze-herbaceous, amahlumela ezinhlanzi ezincane. Ukudla kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinambuzane, izibungu, izibungu. Izikhukhula zomlilo zivame ukuhlasela ngisho namagundane, amaxoxo kanye nezinyoka, ungazinaki izidumbu zezilwane ezinkulu.

Phakathi nokuhlaselwa kwesisulu, izintuthwane ngeqembu elikhulu zikhuphuka imilenze emzimbeni wakhe. Bamba isikhumba ngamakhamera emilonyeni futhi bajobe i-sting. Yileyo ndlela umthamo omkhulu wobuthi obungena emzimbeni wesilwane, onobuthi. Esikhathini sokulunywa, isikhumba siqala ukushisa kanzima, kukhona izinzwa ezibuhlungu ezingenakulinganiswa.

Ukwakhiwa komndeni wezintuthwane ezivuthayo

Umndeni wezintuthwane ngumphakathi ohleliwe. Ihlanganisa:

1. I-brood.
Abantu abadala.
3. Abesifazane abangenasifo (abasebenzi).

Umndeni wezintuthwane ungaba nabantu abaningana, kepha ngezinye izikhathi ukhula waba amakoloni wangempela, ehlanganisa izigidi zabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezinkulu. Imindeni emikhulu iningi labesifazane abangenalutho abangenalutho, okuvela kuwo ama-castes abasebenzi, amasosha namanye amaqembu ahlukene.

Cishe yonke imindeni inezinsikazi nomunye, ngezinye izikhathi abesifazane abaningana abazala, abanamagama amahle kakhulu - indlovukazi, indlovukazi. Izintuthwane zomlilo zisebenza njengomunye, ngakho-ke umndeni ubizwa ngokuthi umzimba omkhulu. Ukufana okunjalo nomphakathi wabantu, njengokuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi, ukuzibamba inhlangano ezimweni ezinzima kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu omndeni, sekuye kwadonsela ukunaka ososayensi.

Umthombo wezintuthwane zomlilo

Izintuthwane zihlala nemindeni yazo ezihlahleni, ezimelela izimbulunga zomhlaba futhi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-anthills. Lo mthombo wezinambuzane wakhiwe emhlabathini, ngaphansi kwetshe noma ngokukhuni. Abanye abantu basebenzisa izinhlayiyana ezincane zezitshalo ukwakha i-anthill.

Phakathi kwezidleke zomlilo izintuthwane, imigudu ibeka lapho ihamba ngokukhululekile ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukufuna ukudla kungaduka isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile lapho kuhlangana nabantu abamele enye ikoloni. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo ezingathandekayo, phakathi kwezinyosi eziqhamukayo, ukulwa kuqala.

Ukumisa okwesikhashana, lapho kukhona izintuthwane ezinomlilo ezitholakala khona, kungaphephile kumuntu onokuziphendulela. Ngempela, izintuthwane azibona ukubonakala okumangalisayo, ukuhlaselwa kwabo kungabangela izinqubo ezingenakuguquka emzimbeni wokuphila.

Ingozi yokuthi intuthwane yomlilo ibangele

Lezi zinhlamvu ezincane zingabhubhisa imfuyo, kubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwenyoni nezilwane ezifuywayo, zibulala izintuthwane ezibuthakathaka. Kungashiwo ukuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo ziyasatshiswa yizi zinambuzane futhi zibalekele kuzo.

Abantu abayithandi izilwane ezincane "zezilwane" ukuze bakwazi ukubhubhisa zonke izitoko zemikhiqizo. Emagumbini ezintuthwane zasemadolobheni ahlomisa isidleke saso emshinini kagesi, okuholela ekuvalweni kwalokhu okugcina, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile - emlilweni.

Esinye isizathu sengozi enkulu yalolu hlobo lwezintuthwane kumuntu ulele ebuhlungu obunobuthi abanayo. Izibalo ziqinisekisa ukuthi izilonda zomlilo izintuthwane ziphela ekufeni ngabantu abangaba ngu-30-35 ngonyaka. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi ubuthi lunomphumela we-neurotoxic and necrotic futhi luqukethe i-alkaloid saline.

Usizo lokuqala nge-"monster"

Ekusola kokuqala kokulunywa kwezinambuzane eziyingozi, kufanele usheshe usuke endaweni lapho kutholakala khona izintuthwane zomlilo. Yenza lokhu ngokucophelela, ukuze ungabangela ukuphazanyiswa "emndenini". Ngokuvamile, ama-watchdogs angokuqala ukuqala ukukhala. Ukuqeda izinambuzane ngeke kusebenze, ngakho-ke kudingeka ususe ngokucophelela ekugqokeni kwezembatho nezitho zomzimba. Awukwazi ukuchotshozwa, ngoba izintuthwane ezichotshoziwe ziphunga iphunga, lapho amanye amalunga omndeni athola isignali yengozi futhi ngokushesha aqale ukuhlaselwa okusha.

Ngemva kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukukhulula indawo ethintekile yesikhumba kusuka ezembatho ukuze unciphise ukuvuvukala. Hlanza le ndawo, bese ufaka i-compress ebandayo kuso. Qinisekisa ukuthatha i-antihistamine. Bese ucela usizo esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Ukuziqhenya kungabiza kakhulu, ngoba ubuthi buyisifo esinamandla kakhulu, okuyinto evame ukubangela i-edema ye-pulmonary.

Izindlela zokulwa "nezilo zomlilo"

E-US, kusetshenziselwa izigidigidi zamaRandi minyaka yonke ukulwa nezinhlamvu ezincane zomlilo, "kodwa azikho imiphumela ebonakalayo. Kuleli zwe izintuthwane zomlilo zanikezwa igama - izinambuzane ezingenisiwe. Ukuze ulwe nabo, kusetshenziselwa izibulala-zinambuzane, ukuwafafaza ngezindiza ze-helicopter. Zama ngesandla ukuqeda umthombo wamabuthongo omlilo, ukumba nokubhubhisa izidleke, ukuthululela amanzi abilayo kuwo. Kodwa imiphumela yazo zonke lezi zenzo ziso.

Njengoba bethi kubantu, "wonke umuntu" ophethe uhulumeni wakhe, kubandakanya abahlukumezi abancane. Indlela ephumelela futhi engavamile yokubhubhisa lezi zinambuzane yayiyizindiza ezibulala izintuthwane ezivuthayo. Hlangana - lo mlwaqhawe onesibindi ubizwa ngokuthi i-flying-humpback. Ubeka amaqanda enambuzane ephilayo, lapho i-larva iqala khona, okuyinto, esebenzisa i-enzyme ekhethekile, igubha ikhanda lezintuthwane. Leli qembu likhonza i-fly njenge-incubator ephilayo.

I-Ant enomlilo eRussia

ERussia, "abadobi" basezindaweni ezishisayo abavamile kakhulu. Kubo, izimo ezinzima zezulu zezwe azifanelekile. Kodwa esikhungweni esisodwa esibhedlela saseMoscow sathola izintuthwane ezivutha umlilo. Ngokuyinhloko, nakuba zikhona lezi zinambuzane, lezi zingamakholoni amancane ahlala eduze kwabantu abasemakhaya afudumele. Ezindaweni zaseRussia izintuthwane ezibomvu nezibomvu ziphila. Nokho, kuthiwa kuthiwa umlilo, kodwa hhayi njengento enobudlova njengabahlobo bawo bezentengiselwano. Lezi zinambuzane zidla izidleke zazo emahlathini ase-coniferous and deciduous. Izitshalo zalolu hlobo zichitha izinambuzane eziyingozi, okubhekwa njengabalulekile kubantu.