Hero kabili zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa Makarov Oleg Grigorevich: Biography, izimpumelelo amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Umuntu Onekhono, isazi, umklamo unjiniyela abadumile, Cosmonaut Oleg Grigorevich Makarov kuyinto isakhamuzi zokuhlonipha kwedolobha ezintathu zithi: Yakutsk (Russian Federation), Dzhezkazgan (Kazakhstan) kanye Rivne (Ukraine). Ukuqala umsebenzi wakhe kwaqondana ngonyaka, okuyinto kubhekwa ekuqaleni inkathi ukuhlola umkhathi. Kwaba ngo-1957, iSoviet Union yaqala ngowokuqala e-satellite emhlabeni yokufakelwa. Futhi umsuka lesi senzakalo esibalulekile kwaba ke abancane engaziwa Makarov Oleg Grigorevich.

biography

Imiklomelo yale ndoda ziningi. Wayengumuntu Hero kabili zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa: ngo-1973 nango-1978. Oleg Grigorevich Makarov wazalelwa lesithupha January 1933 ku Tver esifundeni Udomlya emzaneni esifundeni esifanayo. Uyise wayengumGreki serviceman, futhi ngenxa yalokho, lisemsebenzini ngokuvamile bashukumiseleka bengonozulane. Lapho eseneminyaka engaba yisikhombisa ubudala, nomkhaya wakhe bathuthela eMoldova, lapho kwaba ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II. Umama nge Oleg ezincane zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo lokuqala e Saratov, abese Fergana, Uzbekistan. Kusukela ngo-1943 kuya ku-1945 babehlala e-Tver esifundeni edolobhaneni Kesova Gora. Ngemva kwempi, ubaba wakhe bathuthela Weimar eJalimane. Kube Makarov Oleg Grigorevich wayehlala nomkhaya wakubo kusukela ngo-1945 kuya ku-1949-th. Weimar umkhaya wathuthela edolobheni Ukraine Rivne. Lapha ngo-1951, ngenxa yomfana nangenxa eseqedile yeshumi grade esikoleni.

intsha

isikole Oleg Makarov senzeka impi enzima kanye Iminyaka yangemva kwempi. travel njalo ezindaweni lingenamuntu lapho le nsizwa kwakufanele njalo ukujwayela izimo ezintsha nokwenza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha, ashiye uphawu lwawo ku ubuntu bakhe. Kodwa ngo-1951, lapho impilo kanye nesimo sezimali Makarov umndeni wabuya ucishe ezivamile, abazali banikela indodana yakhe ukuhlala Rivne futhi kukhona ukuya ekolishi.

Isifundo e Baumanke

Kodwa usumisiwe uhlamvu okuqinile nsizwa yathi esinqumweni sakhe. Makarov Oleg Grigorevich akhetha indlela nzima. Wanquma ukuya eMoscow futhi ukungena ephakeme tehuchilische kubo. Bauman. Lokhu esikoleni esiphakeme umfana wafunda nakokuhlangenwe izikhulu owayekhonza uyise.

Enhloko-dolobha, Oleg wahlangana nomzala wakhe. Eugene ngesikhathi isafunda unyaka wokugcina wokuboshwa MEI. Umfana wasiza umfowabo emhlabeni emzini angajwayelekile ukuze.

Ukuqala umculi okhokhelwayo

Le nsizwa wangena inyuvesi futhi ufundwa kahle. idiploma yakhe abakuyo esenzeka okb-1, kamuva kwakuhlobene eduze yomlando wakhe. Oleg Makarov ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme e-isiqondiso iye waqoqa ngokunembile kule nhlangano wobunjiniyela.

Cishe yonke imisebenzi yakhe umsebenzi okwenzeka enhlanganweni. Adume design bureau eliholwa yena, uSergei Pavlovich Korolev. Ngokushesha wayethanda Makarov.

Oleg G. wasebenza phezu ukuthuthukiswa rocket isikhala imishini ubunjiniyela izinhlelo, wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ukuhlolwa phansi futhi indiza. He is co-umlobi walo mbiko ukudalwa satellite eMhlabeni nge Cosmonaut ebhodini. Makarov wathatha ngqo iqhaza inqubo yokuthuthukisa amakhono umklamo lomqondo we "Vostok" bavimba imigwaqo, ngaphezu kwalokho, wayeqondisa umsebenzi ku ngcono umkhumbi. Namuhla zimbalwa abantu, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba indiza yokuqala ishayisa isikhala esiphethwe ukwenza kanjalo kakhulu isikhala, njengoba u-Oleg G ..

Imisebenzi kwezobunjiniyela lamabutho

Isethi yokuqala Cosmonauts kwaqala ngo-1960. Eqenjini lokuqala babe abashayeli bezindiza wezempi kuphela. Isikhundla iyunithi esifundeni Moscow, endaweni lapho namuhla usebenza Cosmonaut Training Centre. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi idolobha elincane lakhiwa, eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke njengoba Star. Kamuva kwathatha ukundiza bese onjiniyela abangongoti kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, kwathiwa kumiswa elinye iqembu. Lalinama onjiniyela, zezinkanyezi kanye Cosmonauts-abacwaningi. Nge isibusiso Queen e squad emva ngihlolwa okunzima kakhulu sabhalwa ngo 1966 futhi Makarov Oleg Grigorevich - astronaut, okwadingeka ukuba zidlule nkathi enzima kakhulu futhi kunalokho eside wokulungiselela phambi iphupho ukuhamba ngendiza endaweni yonke elingapheli yagcwala.

uhlelo inyanga

Kusukela ngo-1967 kuya ku-1968 Makarov, kanye A. Leonov yayilungiselela undize uye enyangeni. Kodwa akazange athathe indawo. Uhlelo Lunar yavalwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, eyisikhulu phakathi okwakukhona kulo ukuphahlazeka ezicitshwayo ngesikhathi kwethulwa yabo unmanned. Kwakungamelwe kube futhi fly Makarova ngesikhathi DOS-2 - esiteshini eside.

Eyokuqala test isikhala

Makarova iphupho ibe evulekile okwakungafanele abe kuyo kuze 1973. Kuphela nyaka wokugubha wamashumi amane wokuphuma Oleg G. wenza indiza yayo yokuqala. Wayekhona isikhala izinsuku ezintathu (27-29 September). Amatilosi lalinabashumayeli abantu ababili: a Makarov - engineer indiza imikhumbi-mkhathi "Soyuz-12" futhi Lazareva. Le ndiza, abaningi ngokuthi ekhethekile. I-iqiniso lokuthi wayengumuntu wokuqala ngemva engozini yemoto ehlasimulisayo ngo-1971, besemkhunjini kanye Cosmonauts V volkov, G. Dobrovolsky futhi V Patsaeva ebhodini.

Makarov futhi uVladimir Lazarev kwadingeka ukuba uhlole yonke izinqumo design futhi sithuthukise lobuchwepheshe, kanye ukuzwa amasudi yakamuva. Flight yaphela ngempumelelo. Ukuze ubuqhawe nesibindi Makarov Oleg Grigorevich waklonyeliswa Hero isihloko eSoviet Union.

ingozi

lokhu nezisebenzi indiza elilandelayo sezizakuphela siyinhlekelele. Okwesihlanu ngo-Ephreli 1975 rocket ne Makarov futhi Lazarev wagibela esikebheni ngempumelelo Baikonur kwethulwa isayithi. Nokho, lapho ibekwe ku-orbit iphutha eziphuthumayo. Kwathi ngesikhathi lapho mkhathi kwaba phansi ezingeni ukuphakama cishe abangamakhulu amabili amakhilomitha. Ngenhlanhla, kwabangela uhlelo oluphuthumayo wokutakula. Ngenxa yalokho, i-zezinkanyezi kwi capsule Uzalo ukhiphe. Isimo waba inhlekelele. Osomkhathi ngokuseduze baqhelile bamela izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili sindisa, elalikade akekho kwadingeka ukuba ezwe. Kukholakala ukuthi umzimba womuntu asifanele enjalo. Nokho, u-Oleg Grigorevich Makarov (Cosmonaut), njengoba ngempela futhi VG Lazarev, aqeqeshwa kahle kangangokuba wayengeke asinde. Crew ngoba isibindi waklonyeliswa Order of Lenin.

Uma kufakwe umlando test izindiza okungezona ezabantu elilandelayo Makarova futhi Lazarev babe womuntu ongabazisayo. Nokho, akazange acabange ngakho, Oleg G .. Isifiso sakhe esikhulu kanye uhlamvu oqinile kuhlangene impilo enhle ezamsiza ukuba akhiphe astronaut has izindiza ezimbili isikhala. Nokho, i-amatilosi angu yesibili VG Lazarev wayengaselona ohilelekile.

Intuthuko ukuhlola umkhathi

Makarova wathatha indiza esilandelayo-January 1978, lapho njengoba unjiniyela wokushayela izindiza kuyi-mkhathi "Soyuz-27" efika esiteshini eside "Salyut-6". Amatilosi futhi V Janibekov. Aboard esiteshini babe osomkhathi Romanenko futhi Grechko.

Okokuqala emlandweni ukuhlola umkhathi kwesokudla eduze-Earth orbit isikhala eziyinkimbinkimbi yabuthelwa, abanesimo ubude mayelana amathathu amamitha, nesisindo - amathathu tonne ngayinye. Sasiphathelene sasemkhathini nemikhumbi-mkhathi ezimbili bavimba imigwaqo. osomkhathi abanolwazi igcwaliswe umsebenzi wabo kahle futhi waba umsebenzi ucwaningo ngendlela engakholeki. Kwaba esinye isinyathelo ukwandisa spaceflight isikhathi. Yaqala kanjalo-ke inqubo yokudala isikhala enkulukazi izindawo zocwaningo. Ngenxa yalesi indiza Makarov ngithola indondo yesibili "Gold Star".

spaceflight wakhe wokugcina Oleg G. uzibophezele eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engamashumi amane nesishiyagalombili. Injongo eyinhloko yale uhambo kwaba ukukhanda ezishisayo elawula uhlelo eside esiteshini esemkhathini. Ubude besikhathi kwaba izinsuku nantathu. Umsebenzi kwaba ngendlela emangalisayo kuyinselele, kodwa izazi zezinkanyezi babhekana nayo.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Ngo-1980, u-Oleg G. bavikela mqondo lwakhe degree of wabaholi wesayensi lobuchwepheshe. Ngo-1986, waxoshwa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo kusukela oda, wabuyela ubunjiniyela zako ezisemqoka. Edolobheni lakubo RSC "Energia", bekatsatsa isikhundla Iphini lomholi.

Enomkakhe, uValentina Soldatovoy Oleg Grigorevich elalihlangana 1960, okb-1. Ngawo lowo nyaka, washada. Ngo-1961 umbhangqwana ingane yokuqala ezalwa. Yonke imiphefumulo yamadodana Makarov ezimbili. Ngo-1998, Olegu Grigorevichu eyenziwe CDB kokuhlinzwa inhliziyo, kodwa akakwazanga alulame ngokugcwele. Washona Hero kabili zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa Makarov Oleg amabili nesishiyagalombili ngoMeyi 2003 ngesikhathi dacha wakhe ngaphandle eMoscow. Wayeneminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nanye. Oleg G. wangcwatshwa eMoscow Ostankino emathuneni.

Makarov awukugcinanga yomlando siqu, kodwa umndeni wakhe wakwazi ukuqoqa isamba esikhulu izinto futhi azidlulisele Space Museum. Umsebenzi omnengi wezinto kwenziwe khona amadodana akhe, esizwa ozakwabo kusukela bureau.