Mikhail Friedman: A Biography, imisebenzi, umndeni

Mikhail Fridman (owazalwa ngo-Ephreli 21, 1964) - usomabhizinisi ezinkulu Russian Lokudabuka abangamaJuda. He is Usihlalo Supervisory Board of "Alfa-Group", enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu yangasese izinkampani utshalomali eRussia. Ngo-2014, "Forbes" umagazini kulinganiselwa Engcebweni yakhe at $ 15.6 billion okwenza kube wesibili phakathi wabantu ababecebe kakhulu eRussia. akazange Esimweni esinjalo safinyelela kanjani Mikhail Fridman? Biography, umndeni lapho wazalwa futhi ngakhulela - azosiza umfundi siqonde umsuka impumelelo yalo yangaleso sikhathi.

Esakhula

Biography Mihaila Fridmana waqala, efana nezigidi zabanye abafana Soviet. Wazalwa futhi ngakhulela e Lviv, Ukraine. Abazali bakhe, abantu kakade abadala, babe onjiniyela, loyise waklonyeliswa eU.SSR State Prize sokuthuthukiswa navigation izinsimbi izindiza zempi. Bajabula kakhulu lapho lo mkhaya wazalwa uthunjana. Mikhail Fridman ebuntwaneni zihlukaniswa intshiseko isayensi. Phakathi nezifundo zakhe, ngokuphindaphindiwe uye wathandwa Olympiads esikoleni i-physics kanye mathematics.

E Lviv, Misha kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme ngo-1980. Bese - eMoscow ... Wangena eMoscow Institute of Steel futhi Alloys. Abaningi esenzeka ekuphileni kwabantu washada abafundi ngaphezulu. Akakugwemanga lokhu ukudalelwa futhi Mikhail Fridman. Unkosikazi, Irkutyanka Olga nengane efunda nayo esikoleni uMichael.

Njengoba umfundi, kuqala livela kanye streak ebhizinisi. Uba umhleli wobusha ema-disco, ubameme abaculi kanye bards e ekukhokheni izimali zabo.

Ukuqala ibhizinisi umsebenzi

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ngo-1986, MISA, Mikhail Fridman, ngaqala ukusebenza e-isitshalo "Elektrostal" edolobheni eponymous eduze eMoscow. Kodwa uma sekuqala isikhathi sakhe, futhi lapho kufika, Friedman abazange balahlekelwe okwamanje evumayo.

Ngo-1988, waqala ibhizinisi ngokwakha iqembu labangane we-Institute of yokuhlanza wokubambisana, okwakubekelwa wahlanganyela ukugeza amafasitela, lapho kusetshenziswa abafundi emanyuvesi ahlukene, abanike ithuba ukuze ithole ingeniso ethe xaxa.

Ukuqalisa "Alfa"

Kanye-German Khan, Alekseem Kuzmichevym futhi Petrom Avenom Mihail Fridman ngo-1989 yena wasungula ukuhweba ngokuqinile "Alpha-isithombe", okuyinto uthengisa impahla izithombe, ama-computer, bese kuphela bavele emakethe Soviet namanje amkhophi.

Ngokushesha, inhloko-dolobha yokuqala zanqwabelana imishini ehhovisi ukuhweba, Friedman sekuqalile ukuba isizinda zonke Russian lezimpahla oligarchs - uwoyela. Ithuluzi sokusingatha kubo phesheya ngoba iqhawe lethu inkampani Soviet-Swiss "Alfa-Eco" - prototype ngekusasa "Alfa Group".

ukuthuthukiswa inkampani kuqhubeka classical Russian dolobha scheme: ukugeleza izimpahla zithunyelwe phesheya, wanezela imikhiqizo metal, ivolumu zokukhokhelwa ukuza izinga lokuba e Friedmann isakhiwo ibhizinisi ngo-1991 lapho ngumnikazi "Alfa-Bank", ogama ibhodi labaqondisi yena namakhanda.

Azimele ka TNK - isiqongo ibhizinisi umsebenzi, uFriedman K °

Eqinisweni, le ndaba ifanelwe cwaningo ehlukile. Kodwa kafushane ke kanje. Esikhathini 90 maphakathi uhulumeni ke Russian "razdergivaet" bube manikiniki lo kahulumeni "Rosneft" - owalandela USSR Minneftegazproma. "Rosneft" ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana izinsalela zokudla ehlobene kakhulu umkhiqizo kawoyela (futhi Nizhnevartovsk Tyumen uwoyela Amasimu) nokucwengisiswa (Ryazan ajwayelekile). Ayavumelana inkampani okudalwe, okuyinto iba Tyumen Oil Company (TNK), ibhizinisi ke eziphethwe uhulumeni. Ngokushesha ngazimemezela ithenda azimele kanye amafemu ezintathu - abafakizicelo TNCs, okuyinto iholwa oluvelele osomabhizinisi "Russian" wesikhathi: Mikhail Fridman ( "Alfa Group"), V. Vekselberg ( "Renova") futhi L. Blavatnik (Finyelela Industries). Ukwenza kube lula ukuze nihlanganyele e inqubo azimele, amunye, a Consortium Alfa Finyelela Renova (Aar), okuyinto kuba ngo-1997, umnikazi iminyaka TNK elishumi elinamithandathu.

Tyumen Oil Inkampani: egijima begqoke engu-16 ubude

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abanikazi abaningi naprinimali izixazululo "kwesibhamu." Okokuqala, ngo-2003, base Wajoyina neftekorporatsiey "British Petroleum", "TNK-BP" e isakhiwo ngokuhlanganyela ke ngo-2008 kwaze kwaba sekufeni baphikisana abalingani British, kangangokuthi ngisho ukuxabana "xazulula 'eNkantolo eNkulu e-London.

Ekugcineni, ubuholi Russian kuyacaca ukuthi sezomnotho esimanzonzo emhlabeni ukusetshenziswa abanikazi, "TNK-BP" ngeke, futhi ngo-2013 bonke inkampani efanayo kukahulumeni "Rosneft" walithengisisa abanikazi British kanye Russian lamasheya abo ibhizinisi nokubekezela. Akekho oyothi izakhamuzi isiRashiya, kodwa ngo-1997 ikhokhwe uhulumeni waseRussia i-azimele ka TNK Friedman - Vekselberg - Blavatnik. Kodwa nansi indlela ukukhokhela ngayo ukuthengwa "Rosneft" e 2012-13, Kuyaziwa :. British wathatha $ 16,65 bhiliyoni, kanye Aar Consortium - kakhulu ngendlela $ 27,73 bhiliyoni, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abalingani ephethwe cishe 50% inkampani kuhlanganiswe.

Kanjani ukusabalalisa imali bodwa Friedman - Vekselberg - Blavatnik akekho owaziyo. Kodwa ukwahlulela iqiniso lokuthi wokuqala babo phezu yokudayisa eYurophu eyasungulwa entsha ibhizinisi - iqembu utshalomali «L1 Iqembu", akazange ahlale e ingalahlekelwa.

Kuyini umbuso ibhizinisi Friedman namuhla?

Okokuqala, leli qembu utshalomali, okuyinto manje ilawula "Alfa-Bank" (ibhange yangasese ngobukhulu yaseRussia), kuhlanganise nezindima izakhiwo zebhizinisi njengoba Alfa Capital Management, "Rosvodokanal", "Alpha Insurance" A1 Group. Group ungumnikazi opharetha mobile «MegaFon" futhi "VimpelCom", okudayisa chain ezitolo "Pyaterochka" futhi "Crossroads."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Mikhail Fridman ungusihlalo «L1 Iqembu", nendlunkulu Luxembourg. Ibhizinisi leqembu utshalomali ngamazwe egxile amafa ezokuxhumana kanye umkhakha weze-energy. Kuhlanganisa ukuhlukana ezimbili eziyinhloko:. «L1 Energy» futhi «L1 Technologies" Friedman futhi ilungu Supervisory Board of Deutsche DEA AG Erdoel, Hamburg, wathenga «L1 Nomfutho" ngo-2015.

By the way, eBhodini Labaqondisi «L1 Iqembu" siqukethe abangane ubudala - nabangane Friedman, yena waqala ngasekupheleni '80s: Kuzmichev, Khan P. Aveni - owayenguNgqongqoshe Gaidar uhulumeni waseRussia.

Ukuthengwa kwempahla eNorth Sea

Ngo-March 2015 «L1 Iqembu" aluthola inkampani yaseJalimane uwoyela RWE Dea isikhathi esingaphezu £ 5 bhiliyoni. It ungumnikazi 12 uwoyela negesi Amasimu asebenzayo eNorth Sea namafutha Amasimu kwezinye izindawo. Isivumelwane uye wenqaba ukuba uHulumeni British, okuyinto ubheka ukuthi kuphambene unswinyo imikhawulo ngokumelene izinkampani Russian ngokuqondene izenzakalo e-Ukraine. «L1 Iqembu" uhlose ukusungula inkampani entsha ukuze uqale ukukhiqizwa amasimu amasha uwoyela, eholwa owayeyinhloko "BP" Nkosi Browne.

4 ngoMashi 2015, uNgqongqoshe kweBrithani Amandla Climate Change Ed Deyvi wanika Friedman kwesikhathi esingangesonto ukuze benze uhulumende UK akazange amphoqe ukuthengisa kuluthola North Sea uwoyela negesi amafa. Ukuphela le ndaba, engakaziwa kuze kube manje, kodwa inikezwe isipiliyoni namasu UMikhail Fridman ngenkathi amabhizinisi esebenza, ungaqiniseka ukuthi uzothola indlela sikhathi.

imisebenzi Outdoor e izinhlangano Jewish

Friedman - i umsekeli asebenzayo imizamo Jewish eRussia nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ngo-1996 yena waba omunye wabasunguli be-Russian Congress yamaJuda, manje - ilungu KaHulumeni ye RJC. Wenza umnikelo omkhulu umsebenzi European Jewish Isikhwama, inhlangano engasebenzeli nzuzo okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa European amaJuda kanye nokugqugquzela ukubekezelelana nokubuyisana kulelivekati.

Friedman, kanye Stan Polovtsov futhi ozakwabo abathathu, Russian Billionaire Jewish Alexander Knaster, Petrom Avenom nesiJalimane Khan, wasungula "Genesise Iqembu", ogama njongo iwukuba ukuthuthukiswa nokwenziwa ngcono ungubani abangamaJuda phakathi kwamaJuda wonke emhlabeni jikelele. Minyaka yonke umklomelo "Genesise Iqembu" unikelwa abawinile eziye zaphetha ukuphelela nodumo international e samuntu ubunjalo abantu bamaJuda ngokusebenzisa ukuzibophezela amagugu kazwelonke.

Emcimbini indondo yokuqala yonyaka eJerusalema ngo-2014, Friedman watshela izilaleli ukuthi kuhloswe ukuba ugqozi isizukulwane esisha kumaJuda isibonelo ezifezwayo efanele ababethole futhi babamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuqambeni mpilo esintu nokuzibopha amagugu abangamaJuda.

Ubulungu kanye nemisebenzi izakhiwo zomphakathi omhlaba kanye Russian

Kusukela ngo-2005, Friedman omele Russian eMkhandlwini ku Foreign Relations - inhlangano engenzi-nzuzo US okuletha ndawonye abamele ukusungulwa emhlabeni, ogama Inhloso ukusakaza version American wokubusa ngentando yeningi labantu emhlabeni wonke.

Friedman eyilungu izinhlangano Russian eziningi ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, kuhlanganise Public Chamber of Russia, eBhodini Labaqondisi of Russian Union of nezimboni kanye Osomabhizinisi kanye noMkhandlu kaZwelonke kwebhizinisi.

He is an umsekeli esebenzayo ye-National Literary Prize "Big Book" futhi ibhodi ilungu "Centre for Support kwezincwadi Russian", ugxile nekusetjentiswa kwetinhlelo kwamasiko, ekunyusweni izimiso zobuntu nokuhlonipha amagugu isiko Russian.

Mikhail Fridman: uthando ukuphila

Nge kumkakhe wokuqala, u-Olga, naye ohlukanisile isikhathi eside, kuka-10 eminyakeni edlule. Bangakhi bantfwana owenza Michael Friedman? Izingane emshadweni wayo wokuqala - namadodakazi amabili: uCatherine (1998 k.) Futhi Laura (1995 k.). Amantombazane wazalelwa futhi wayehlala nonina e Paris, khona futhi ngathola iziqu kusukela American School. ukuhlinzeka ngokugcwele ex-umkakhe namadodakazi a khona ukhululekile, Friedman yena nabo cishe akekho oxhumana naye.

manje Kwakungenzeka kanjani ubukeka Mikhail Fridman umkhaya? Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana wayehlala emshadweni yombango nge umsebenzi yangaphambili "Alfa-Bank" Oksana Ozhelskoy. Ngokwemibiko ethile, nabo banezingane ezimbili.