Basil 3: angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo inqubomgomo emfushane

Grand Duke moskovskiy Vasily III ebusa eminyakeni 1505-1533. Inkathi waso kwakuyindishi nesikhathi Ngokuqhubeka azifezile kayise Ivan III. Prince united emazweni Russian azungeze eMoscow walwa izitha eziningi zangaphandle.

ngokulandelana

Vasiliy Ryurikovich wazalwa ngo 1479 emndenini Grand UMbusi eMoscow John III. Wayeyindodana yesibili, ngakho akazange sengathi sobukhosi ngemva kokufa otsta yakhe. Nokho, umfowabo omdala, uJohn, wafa yobudala kabuhlungu abasha 32 kusukela esibulalayo. Inkulumo yakhe yayinesihloko izinyawo ukugula (mhlawumbe sifo), okuyinto ebangele ubuhlungu obunjeya. Ubaba wabhalela kudokotela Venice wakhe odumile othi, ngubani, Nokho, akazange wakwazi ukunqoba isifo (kamuva wabulawa salokhu ukwehluleka). Indlalifa owafa wasishiyela indodana Dmitry.

Lokhu kwamvulela ithuba lokunikeza ingxabano dynastic. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Dmitry wayenalo ilungelo lokubusa njengoMbusi indodana indlalifa oshonile. Kodwa Grand Duke kwaba amadodana uyaphila abasebasha. John III lokuqala ukuthambekela Kwakusazodlula sobukhosi umzukulu wakhe. Waze wahlela umshado ku kombuso wakhe (kwaba isiko lokuqala eRussia). Nokho, Dmitry baphambuka masinyane umusa noyisemkhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi isizathu salokhu esiqintini unkosikazi wesibili kaJohane (unina Basil) Sofii Paleolog. Wayengumngane bomdabu waseByzantium (waseConstantinople ngalesi sikhathi abase bewile kakade ngaphansi kwengcindezi abaseTurkey). Unkosikazi wafuna amandla wayiswa indodana yakhe. Ngakho yena nabakhulu lwakhe oluqotho waqala ukukholisa noJohane ukuba azisole. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe wavuma, Dmitry wenqaba ilungelo lakhe kwesihlalo sobukhosi wayala Basil kube Grand Duke. Umzukulu esejele, futhi kungakabiphi bafa lapho, ngasinda kafushane kumkhulu wakhe.

Ukulwisana izinduna

Omkhulu Prince Basil 3, izinqubomgomo angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo okwakukhona phambili izenzo kayise, ethathe ubukhosi e 1505, ngemva kokufa kukaJohane III.

Omunye Izimiso eziyinhloko mithi ezimbili kwaba umqondo wezwe elingaphansi autocracy ngokuphelele. Okungukuthi, Grand Duke ngagxila amandla ezandleni le nkosi kuphela. Wayefanele abaphikisi eziningana.

Okokuqala - ezinye izikhulu ezithile Rurik lwamakhosi. Futhi sikhuluma labo ababengamadoda omele ngqo ekhaya eMoscow. I last izibhelu ezinkulu eRussia uqalile ngenxa izingxabano mayelana namandla phezu omalume kanye abashana, owayeyinzalo ka-Dmitry Donskoy.

Vasily kwadingeka abazalwane abasebasha ezine. Yuri kwaba Dmitrov, Dmitry - Uglich, Simon - Kaluga, Andrew - Staritsa. Nokho, babesanda kwababusi okuzisholo futhi bathembele ngokuphelele ezintweni isikhulu eMoscow. Ngalesi sikhathi Rurik angawenzanga iphutha ukuthi senziwa ekhulwini XII, lapho isimo kubhidlika nesikhungo salo Kiev.

ukuphikiswa Boyar

Enye kuthikameze Grand Duke babe izicukuthwane amaningi. Ezinye zazo, ngasendleleni, babeyinzalo ka ezikude Rurik (ezifana Shuiskys). Basil 3, inqubomgomo angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo subordinated umqondo isidingo ulwe zonke izinsongo emagunyeni, ukuphikiswa ukuyiveza at impande yawo kakhulu.

uthola isiphetho esinjena, isibonelo, elinde Vasiliya Ivanovicha Shuyskogo. Lokhu wohlanga olukhulu kusolakala e ukuxhumana ne isikhulu Lithuanian. Ngaphambi nje kwalokho, Basil wakwazi ukunqoba emadolobheni amaningana lasendulo Russian. Governor omunye wabo futhi baqala Shuya. Ngemva nokuceba kwakhe Kusolakala yaziwa isikhulu, uJehova ahlaza wayeboshwe ejele, lapho afela khona ngo 1529. umzabalazo okunjalo okuqinile ngokumelene kuwukubonakaliswa sokungathembeki kwaba umgogodla inqubomgomo ukuhlanganisa amazwe Russian azungeze eMoscow.

Esinye isigameko esifanayo okwenzeka Bersen Ivan Beklemishev ngelika. Lokhu ohlakaniphile obala wagxeka Grand Duke kwenqubomgomo bakhe, kuhlanganise ukuzibophezela lonke ngesiGreki (lo mkhuba uye kuyinsakavukela ngenxa unina Prince Sofii Paleolog). Beklemisheva ababulawa.

izingxabano isonto

ukuphila Isonto wayebuye isihloko ukunakwa Grand Duke. Wayedinga ukweseka abaholi benkolo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni ababezenzele yona. Lokhu Inyunyana neSonto noMbuso phansi kuxhaphake khona ngaleso sikhathi Russia (endleleni, igama elithi "Russia" zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngaphansi Ivan III).

Ngalesi sikhathi, kwaba khona ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi Josephites futhi okungezona abanikazi. Lezi izimo ezimbili esontweni nezombangazwe (ikakhulukazi emizini yamaLoma) kwadingeka aphikisanayo ukubukwa imibuzo zenkolo. umzabalazo wabo ngemibono ayikwazanga abadlula umbusi. Non-abanikazi wafuna ukushintsha, kuhlanganise ukuqedwa landowning zezindela, kuyilapho Josephites babe emthethweni. Ngesikhathi iqembu lokugcina waphenduka Vasily III. inqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle uhambisane ukuhlobanisa imibono ka-Prince Josephites. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuphikiswa isonto becindezela. Phakathi nabameleli bayo babe ezifana ubuso odumile njengoba Maksim Grek futhi Vassian Patrickeyev.

Ukuhlanganisa kwamazwe Russian

Omkhulu Prince Basil 3, izinqubomgomo angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo okuyinto kwakuhlobene eduze, waya eMoscow uxhume asele ezimele ubukhulu Russian.

Pskov Republic ngisho phakathi nokubusa John III baba selikhonza kumakhelwane wayo oseningizimu. Ngo 1509, edolobheni bebuthele umkhandlu, lapho izakhamuzi wazwakalisa ukungajabuli nokubusa Basil. Wafika Novgorod ukuxoxa ingxabano. Ngenxa yalokho, iChamber waphakamisa futhi unamathele fiefdom Pskov eMoscow.

Nokho, isinqumo ezinjalo zingadala isiyaluyalu emzini inkululeko abathanda. Ukuze ugweme "ubuchopho ukuvutshelwa", le aristocrats ezinamandla kakhulu futhi yizicukuthwane Pskov zihanjiswe dolobha futhi indawo yabo sathathwa ezimiswe eMoscow. Le ndlela ephumelelayo iye yasetshenziswa ngu uJohane lapho ijoyina Novgorod.

Ryazan Prince Ivan ngo-1517 wazama ukwakha umfelandawonye YaseCrimea khan. intukuthelo eMoscow lwaseluvutha. Prince waboshwa, futhi Ryazan baba ingxenye united state Russian. Zangaphakathi nezangaphandle Politika Vasiliya 3 kwaba njalo futhi ngempumelelo.

Kushayisana Lithuania

Impi nomakhelwane balo - elinye futhi iphuzu ezibalulekile, okuyinto zihlukaniswa wokubusa Basil 3. Domestic nomgomo wezangaphandle ePrince ayikwazanga nomthelela ezingxabanweni Muscovy namanye amazwe.

Grand Duchy of Lithuania lalingesinye isikhungo Russian futhi baqhubeka ezothatha isikhundla okuholela kule ndawo. Kuyinto sizana Poland. Ngo inkonzo Lithuanian Grand Duke kwadingeka babe baningi Russian boyars Orthodox futhi izinduna.

The main imbangela yombango owawuzothatha phakathi kwemibuso ababili baqala Smolensk. Lo muzi wasendulo ekhulwini XIV, ezaba yingxenye yemiBhalo Lithuania. Basil wafuna uyibuyisele eMoscow. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakulokhu kunezimpi ezimbili (e 1507-1508 futhi 1512-1522 GG.) Ngaphezu wokubusa kwakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, Smolensk waphindiselwa Russia.

izimbangi Ngakho abaningi Vasily 3. sangaphandle nezinqubomgomo zangaphakathi (ithebula - ifomethi kakhulu isithombe ezibukwayo of BABE we TSHELA) isikhulu, njengoba sekushiwo, kuliragelo okunomqondo izenzo Ivan 3 sekuyinto ngenhloso yokuheha leSonto Lobu-Orthodox futhi yinye isimo. Okulandelayo sizodingida ukuthi kusho ukuthini konke yathululela.

Impi nge YaseCrimea AmaTatar

Impumelelo ephelezelwa kuya izinyathelo ezithathiwe Vasily 3. Foreign kanye nenqubomgomo yasekhaya (ithebula ngokufingqiwe kukuveza obala loku) luyisihluthulelo ukuthuthukiswa nokunonophala yezwe. Enye imbangela ayekhathazeke YaseCrimea AmaTatar. Bona kwenziwe kuphangwa okuphindaphindiwe eRussia futhi zivame Wangena umfelandawonye nenkosi Polish. Njengoba lokhu angeke kubekezelelwe Vasily 3. Domestic nomgomo wezangaphandle (isifinyezo wale nkulumo akunakwenzeka ukuba aphumelele) ukuze babe nomgomo kahle ichazwe - ukuvikela umhlaba kusukela ayehlasela ubukhulu. Ngenxa yale njongo umkhuba kunalokho eyinqaba yethulwa. Ngesikhathi inkonzo bamenywa AmaTatar zemindeni ezihloniphekayo, ukuze abanikeze izigodi. Prince Friendly eyayibekwe ezifundazweni ezikude. Walwela sokuthuthukiswa ukuhweba nge kwemibuso yaseYurophu. Cabanga ngokufaka inyunyana (ngokumelene Turkey) uPapa.

izinkinga zomkhaya

Njengoba kunjalo nganoma iyiphi uPhilip kubaluleke kakhulu othile ukushada Basil 3. Foreign nezinqubomgomo ayeba nezindawo ezibalulekile yomsebenzi, kodwa ukuba khona umuntu owayezothatha isikhundla uhlobo kwakuxhomeke isiphetho esizayo isimo. Umshado wokuqala namanje indlalifa Grand Duchy esasungulwa uyise. Kuze kube yimanje, kufika eMoscow ngo-1500 omakoti kusuka ezweni lonke. Unkosikazi Prince uSolomoni Saburova umndeni encane boyar. Kwakuwusuku ngqa ukuthi umbusi Russian kuhlanganiswe somshado akuyona kummeleli lwamakhosi esibusayo, kanye intombazane kusukela kumibuthano bureaucratic.

Nokho, umndeni akuphumelelanga. Solomonia wayeyinyumba futhi abakwazi ukuba akhulelwe ingane. Ngakho-ke, Vasily III 1525, ohlukanisile wakhe. Nokho, abanye abameleli iSonto owabeka kuye ukugxekwa, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo ngokomthetho asikufanele isenzo esinjalo.

Kakade ngonyaka ozayo Basil washada Elena Glinsky. Lo mshado ngasekupheleni wamnika amadodana amabili - Johane noGeorge. Ngemva kokufa Grand Duke Sr. kwathiwa yindlalifa. John Ngaleso sikhathi ngangineminyaka engu-3, ngakho esikhundleni imithetho Regency Council, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo ngokuxabana eminingi esigodlweni. Futhi okudume kuwumbono ukuthi izinkinga Boyar wayibona ebuntwaneni uvele izinyane spoilt ubuntu bakhe. Kamuva, kakade wavuthwa Ivan le Kubi baba engumashiqela futhi Uchitha engathandeki esondele izindlela ezinesihluku kakhulu.

Grand Prince Ukufa

Basil wafa ngo-1533. Kolunye lohambo lwakhe, wazithola isimila encane ethangeni ngakwesokunxele. It aseyabhibha futhi kwaholela yegazi elinobuthi. Ngo ngamagama esimanje, kuthathwa ngokuthi kwaba umdlavuza. Lapho esezokufa, Grand Duke wathatha schema.