Moscow Grand Princess UZandile Palaeologus kanye nendzima yayo emlandweni

Lona wesifazane udumo izenzo eziningi ezibalulekile kuhulumeni. Okuphawuleka kakhulu ngoba Sofya Paleolog? Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo ke, kanye nolwazi oluchaza oluqoqwe kulesi sihloko.

Ukunikeza Cardinal

EMoscow ngo-February 1469 kwafika inxusa of Cardinal Vissarion. Uzinikele incwadi eya Grand Duke isiphakamiso ukushada Sofia, indodakazi uTheodore mina, umashiqela Morea. Phela, kule ncwadi, futhi wathi Sofiya Paleolog (igama langempela - Zoe, kwanqunywa ukuba esikhundleni Orthodox izizathu zamanxusa) osevele uthweswe umqhele wenqaba suitors amabili kuya woo wakhe. Kwakuwusuku UMbusi IMilan inkosi French. Iqiniso lokuthi UZandile wayengafuni ukushada engumKatolika.

Sofia Palaeologus (Yiqiniso, isithombe sakhe, asitholanga, kodwa ekumeni ethulwa kulesi sihloko), ngokuvumelana imibono sikhathi elikude, wayengaselona abasha. Nokho, wayesalungile ekhangayo. Wayekwazi ukuveza imizwa yakhe, amehlo amahle kakhulu, kanye matte esikhumbeni esithambile lokho kwakubhekwa njengobufakazi eRussia uphawu impilo enhle. Ngaphandle umakoti sihloko ezahlukene kanye nengqondo abukhali.

Ngubani Sofia Fominichna Paleologos?

UZandile Fominichna - Umshana Constantine XI Palaeologus, umbusi wokugcina waseByzantium. Kusukela 1472 yena umfazi Ivan III. ubaba wakhe foma Paleolog, owabaleka nomkhaya wakhe eRoma ngo-1453, ngemva abaseTurkey yanqoba iConstantinople. Sofya Paleolog waphila ngemva kokufa kukayise inakekelwa uPapa okukhulu. Ukuze yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, wayefuna ukumshada ukuze Ivan III, ongumfelokazi 1467. Wathi uyakholelwa.

Sofia Palaeologus wabeletha indodana 1479, kamuva owaba Vasily III Ivanovich. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye wenza isikhangiso Basil Grand Duke, indawo lapho kwakufanele athathe Dmitry, umzukulu Ivan III, wagcotshwa Tsar. Ivan Iii washada UZandile esetshenziswa ukuqinisa Russia enkundleni ngamazwe.

Isithonjana "Makatuswe eZulwini" futhi umfanekiso uMichael III

Sofia Palaeologus, Grand Duchess of eMoscow, baletha nezimpawu ezimbalwa Orthodox. Kukholakala ukuthi omunye wabo kwaba, futhi isithonjana "Makatuswe eZulwini", umfanekiso ezingavamile UnguNina KaNkulunkulu. Wayenomkhuba ezibiyele sika Ekulu Cathedral. Nokho, ngokuvumelana enye isiko, lo esifuze yasuka waseConstantinople ukuba Smolensk, futhi lapho yokugcina yahlasela Lithuania, lokhu isithonjana wabusiswa ukushada Sofyu Vitovtovnu, inkosazana eshade uVasili mina, iNkosi eMoscow. Kwisithombe manje sesonto, uhlu imifanekiso lasendulo, wenza ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 ngomyalo Fedor Alekseevich (ngezansi). Muscovites ngokwesiko alethwe esibani namanzi kule isithonjana. Kukholakala ukuthi bagcwala okwelapha, ngoba isithombe kwase ephulukisa amandla. Lolu phawu manje omunye kakhulu ohlonishwayo ezweni lethu.

Ngo Ingelosi Eyinhloko Cathedral emva komshado ka-Ivan III wabonakala isithombe uMichael III, uMbusi WaseByzantium, owayenguyise umsunguli we Palaeologus lwamakhosi. Ngakho, ngendlela enhle kakhulu ukuthi eMoscow kuyinto ngundlalifa woMbuso WaseByzantium, futhi ababusi Russia - izindlalifa ababusi baseByzantium.

Ukuzalwa kuka-indlalifa okwase kukudala ilindelwe

Ngemva Sofiya Paleolog, umka-Ivan III yesibili, wayeshadile kuye kweNyuka Cathedral, waba ngumkakhe, waqala ucabange indlela lizuze ithonya wenze indlovukazi yangempela. Palaeologus wabona ukuthi lokhu kufanele ulethe isipho isikhulu, owayenganikela ukukwenza sisodwa: ukuba azale indodana, kuyoba nguye okwakufanele abe inkosi. Ngeshwa uSophia, eyindodakazi izibulo, washona ngokushesha nje ngemva kokubelethwa. Ngemva konyaka ntombazane wazalelwa futhi, wayesefa ngokuzuma. Sofia Palaeologus wamemeza, ngathandaza kuNkulunkulu ngicela ukuba unike indlalifa yakhe, omnikeza izandla isipho abampofu, kunikelwe ngayo kwabanye emathempelini. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, uNina kaNkulunkulu esezwile nemithandazo yakhe - Sofia Palaeologus wakhulelwa futhi.

Umlando wakhe wagcina bamake umcimbi eside elindelwe. Yenzeka ngo-March 25, 1479 at 8 ntambama, njengoba kushiwo kwelinye yezindaba zemihla ngemihla eMoscow. INdodana. Wawubizwa ngokuthi Vasiliem Pariyskim. Umfana wabhapathizwa Vasiyan, Rostov umbhishobhi, Sergiev sezindela.

Lokho kwaletha nge UZandile

Sophie ephethwe ukugxilisa into wayelithanda siqu sakhe, nokuthi baziswa futhi waqonda eMoscow. Weza namasiko wakhe namasiko inkantolo WaseByzantium, nokuziqhenya ngomsuka wayo siqu, kanye nokukhungatheka ngoba wayezoba lokushada owumthelela amaMongol AmaTatar. Lutho neze Sophie bathandile inkimbinkimbi isimo e Moscow, kanye nobudlelwane inkululeko ezazikhona ngesikhathi inkantolo. Ivan Iii yena waphoqeleka ukuba ulalele inkulumo yokuhlambalaza kusukela boyars recalcitrant. Nokho, enhloko-dolobha futhi ngaphandle kwalo, abaningi babesengambheka ufuna ukushintsha oludala alihambisani izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Muscovite eNgophezukonke. Futhi ngomfazi Ivan III ne amaGreki, waliyisa, futhi ababona Roman, WaseByzantium nokuphila, kunganikeza Russian isiqondiso esibalulekile sendlela amasampula nokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani zonke izinguquko oyifunayo.

kwethonya Sofia

Unkosikazi ka-Prince Awukwazi ukuphika umthelela ekuphileni Backstage lenkantolo kanye imvelo walo zokuhlobisa. Yena ngobuciko yakha ubuhlobo bomuntu siqu, yena akazange ukuphatha ephelele izingobe enkantolo. Nokho, Paleologos zezombusazwe angakwazanga ukuphendula kuphela iziphakamiso kwenanele imicabango engacacile Imfihlo Ivan III. ecacile Ikakhulukazi kwakuyiphuzu wokuthi umshado wakhe waba Princess kwenza abamukelayo ababusi Muscovite we ababusi baseByzantium ehlangene nezithakazelo zoMbusi eMpumalanga Orthodox, ukubambelela esidlule. Ngakho-ke, Sofyu Paleolog enhlokodolobha yase isimo Russian zenani ikakhulu njengoba inkosazana ethile yaseByzantium, kodwa hhayi eMoscow inkosazana njengoba enkulu. Kuyaqondakala ayeyikho. Njengoba Princess UZandile wajabulela ilungelo ukwamukela zamanxusa eMoscow. Ngakho-ke, umshado Ivan wakhe kwaba uhlobo ukuboniswa zezombusazwe. Emhlabeni wonke, iphawulwe ukuthi indlalifa izindlu WaseByzantium, bawa nje ngaphambili, amalungelo eNgophezukonke adluliselwe kuye eMoscow, okuyinto isibe waseConstantinople entsha. Lapha, abelana kwalamalungelo nomngane wakho womshado.

Ezibiyele kabusha, kokugumbuqelwa ijoka Tartar

Ivan wazizwa umsebenzi wakhe omusha enkundleni ngamazwe, wathola okumbi enyinyekile wangaphambili ezibiyele imvelo. Kusukela e-Italy, kulandele inkosazana, yena uphumile wizadi. Bakha esizeni ekwayeni sokhuni le Faceted Chamber, kweNyuka Cathedral (Vasiliya Blazhennogo), kanye nendlu entsha itshe. I ezibiyele ngalesi sikhathi waqala avale egcekeni a emikhosini esiqinile neyinkimbinkimbi, imibiko zokuphila ngokuzigabisa eMoscow nokuqina. Njengase esigodlweni sakhe, u-Ivan Iii ngisaqala ukukhuluma, futhi lobudlelwano bangaphandle Gait onesizotha ngaphezulu. Ikakhulukazi lapho Tatar ijoka ngaphandle kokulwa, njengoba Nokho, lisuke eyayiwele emhlabeni isuka kwamahlombe akhe. Futhi nethonya cishe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka phezu kwawo wonke North-Eastern Rus '(kusuka 1238 kuya onyakeni 1480). Ulimi entsha onesizotha ngaphezulu, livela ngalesi sikhathi e izibambiso kahulumeni, zamanxusa ikakhulukazi. Omunye uthola amagama aluhlaza.

Indima UZandile e kokugumbuqelwa ijoka Tartar

Palaeologus baseMoscow abazange ingathanda ithonya ezilethwa ku Grand Duke, kanye nezinguquko emphilweni eMoscow - "izibhelu enkulu" (emazwini Boyar Bersen-Beklemisheva). UZandile angenele hhayi kuphela kule lwasekhaya kodwa futhi lwezindaba zangaphandle. Yena waphoqelela Ivan Iii wenqaba ngincome zidlamlilo Khan ekugcineni wadedelwa lemandleni akhe. Abanekhono iseluleko Palaeologus, njengoba kufakazelwa vơ Klyuchevskii, njalo ukuhlangabezana nezinhloso umyeni wakhe. Ngakho wenqaba ukuba ikhokhe intela. Ivan Iii wanyathela incwadi Khan ukuba Zamoskovreche ku Ordynsky egcekeni. Kamuva le ndawo isimo Isonto lakhiwa. Nokho, abantu bese "yithela" ku Palaeologus. Ngaphambi Ivan Iii wadedelwa ngo 1480 kuya komkhulu ukuma phezu Ugra, + khona manjalo wathumela Beloozero ngenkosikazi nezingane. Phakathi naleso izifundo kuchasiselwe inhloso koMbusi ukunikeza amandla uma kwenzeka ukuthi eMoscow Wawuthatha Khan Akhmat, ubaleke nomkakhe.

"Duma" futhi ushintsho ekwelashweni ababeholwa

Ivan III, ebugqilini ijoka, ukuzizwa ekugcineni nkosi eNgophezukonke. Imizamo etiquette esigodlweni UZandile waqala ukufana a WaseByzantium. Isikhulu wenza umkakhe "isipho" Ivan III Palaeologus bavunyelwe ukuba babuthe emalungwini nabasizi bakhe siqu "Duma" bese ubamba ngesigamu kwabo "reception zamanxusa." Princess uthola amanxusa akwamanye amazwe futhi ngenhlonipho yakhuluma nabo. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa eseyintsha engakaze yenziwe Russia. Isikhalazo esigodlweni sombusi futhi washintsha.

Sofia Palaeologus unkosikazi waletha amalungelo ozijameleko ilungelo sobukhosi WaseByzantium, njengoba kwaphawula u-F. Uspensky, isazi-mlando oye wafunda lesi sikhathi. Boyars kwadingeka ukuba nibhekane nalo. Ivan Iii wasithanda kuqala ukuphikisana ukuphikisa, kodwa ekhatsi Sofia yena yasishintsha ekwelapheni nenkantolo. Ivan laqala ukuqhuba engenakuphikiswa, acasuke, ihlazo ngokuvamile ozibekile, ufune ukuhlonishwa ngenkani ekhethekile kuye. Zonke lezi ezimbi amahemuhemu futhi isibaluli ithonya Sofi Paleolog.

Ukulwela ukukhipha sobukhosi

Ubethula icala ayephuli ngokulandelana. Izitha e 1497 ukuthi ngiya ukunilungisela indawo isikhulu ukuthi Sofia Palaeologus abekwa ushevu umzukulu wakhe ukubeka indodana yakhe siqu sobukhosi ukuthi ukuvakashelwa yakhe ulungiselela ezinesihlungu Potion uyathakatha ukuthi uhilelekile kulesi uzungu futhi Basil yena ngasese. Ivan Iii ngalolu daba wathatha ohlangothini umzukulu wakhe. Watshelwa ukuba emanzini UMfula iMoscow uyathakatha, ukuboshwa Vasily nomkakhe ikhishiwe ukusuka yena, ligcizelele ngokufeza amalungu amaningana "Duma" Palaeologus. Ngo 1498, u-Ivan III wagcotshwa kweNyuka Cathedral of Dmitry njengoba indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi.

Nokho, uSophia kwaba emandleni igazi enkantolo acebe izingobe. Yena osolwa ukuzinikela Elenu Voloshanku ukuze lokuhlubuka futhi useye wakwazi ukuba uyibeka. Grand Duke ukubeka ihlazo umzukulu wakhe kanye indodakazi, waqamba Basil ngo 1500 indlalifa esemthethweni yesihlalo sobukhosi.

Sofya Paleolog: indima emlandweni

Umshado Sofi Paleolog no-Ivan III, yebo, waqinisa umbuso Muscovite. Waba nesandla ukuguqulwa kwakhe ku-Third eRoma. Sofia Palaeologus waphila iminyaka engaphezu kuka-30 e-Russia, kokuba ezele abantwana 12 kumyeni wakhe. Nokho, akazange ukuphatha ngokugcwele izwe, imithetho yayo kanye namasiko. Ngisho encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla olusemthethweni ukuhlangabezana irekhodi ezazilahla ngokuziphatha kwayo kwezinye izimo, nzima kuleli zwe.

Sofia bakhangwa Russian dolobha abaklami nezinye abaculi, kanye odokotela. Ukudalwa abaklami Italian ayizange kunabayeni eMoscow ngo bobukhulu ubuhle izihloko Europe. Lokhu kuye kwaba negalelo eqinisa isithunzi State eMoscow, kugcizelelwe ngokuqhubeka dolobha Russian-Rome Okwesibili.

ukufa Sofia

UZandile washona ngo eMoscow ngo-August 7, 1503 It wembelwa Ascension Isigodlo eMoscow Kremlin. Ngo-December 1994, ngokuqondene ukudluliswa Ingelosi Eyinhloko Cathedral izinsalela inkosi nabafazi izikhulu 'SA Nikitin walondoloza skull Sofia ngasibuyisela portrait wakhe sculptural (ngenhla). Manje singakwazi ngisho cishe awucabange olufana Sofya Paleolog. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo namanothi oluchaza mayelana nguye baningi. Siye sazama ukuba ukhethe ebaluleke kakhulu, lokulandisa lesi sihloko.