Inkinga yentsha yokuqashwa eRussia

Inkinga yokuthola imisebenzi kubantu abasha ibilokhu ikhathazeka ngezigungu zombuso, ngoba lolu daba luqondana ngqo nenqubomgomo yomphakathi. Ukuze uqinisekise izinga eliphezulu lokuphila labantu ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zikazwelonke, kubalulekile ukuqonda le nkinga futhi uthole izixazululo ezisebenzayo kakhulu.

Abantu abasha kanye nokungasebenzi: mayelana nemibono

Inkinga yokuthola umsebenzi kubantu abasha eRussia iye yathandwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kuhlanganise ngaphansi kwe-tsar-father. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthola izixazululo zenkinga enzima, kuyadingeka ukuba uqonde ngokucacile leli gama, bese unquma izindlela eziphumelelayo kakhulu zokuqeda.

Qaphela: uma kunoma yiziphi izinkinga ezisemqoka zokuqashwa kwentsha kucatshangwa, isihloko, ukubuyekezwa noma okubhaliwe kuzoba nezincazelo nezincazelo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ekuqondeni kwanamuhla kwentsha, iqembu labantu bezenhlalakahle, lendawo libizwa ngokuthi, umjikelezo wakhe unqunyelwe iminyaka ethile. Phakathi kwezici ezihlukanisayo zingabonakala njengokusebenza komphakathi wemisebenzi ethile, imibono ethile, izithakazelo, amanani, indawo phakathi kwamanye amaqembu abantu.

Isimiso esibalulekile esihlukile salolu qembu sineminyaka yobudala. Ososayensi abaningi abasakwazi ukuvumelanisa ngokuthi isakhiwo sonyaka kufanele sibe yini. Ngakho-ke, abanye basungula umngcele wokuqala kusuka eminyakeni engu-13-14, kanti abanye bayisusa kusukela eminyakeni engu-29-30 ubudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo wobusha awuhlanganiswa kahle nemisebenzi ethile. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwaleli qembu labantu, ngokuvamile kunabasebenzi, abafundi, abafundi abasebenza ngezici ezithile, njalonjalo.

Mayelana nokungasebenzi

Inkinga yokuthola umsebenzi kubantu abasha idinga ukucabangela ngokucophelela umqondo "wokungasebenzi". Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi ngomqondo wanamuhla kuthiwa yizehlakalo zomphakathi nezomnotho, ezibhekene nokubunzima okukhethekile. Kulesi simo, ingxenye yabantu abakhuthele, abakwazi ukuthola ukuphila, abakwazi ukubona ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ehloniphekile. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ngokuvamile imakethe yezabasebenzi kanye nezinkinga zokuqashwa kwentsha kuhlotshaniswa nesifiso esikhulu sokuqaphela amandla abo ngabantu abasha, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nokuntuleka kokwehluleka kwemisebenzi emsebenzini.

Umthethonqubo ovamile

Umthetho kuze kube manje ulawula izinga lokungasebenzi, kuphela kubantu abafinyelele eminyakeni engu-16. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho komthetho kazwelonke, abangasebenzi bangabantu abangenayo imali engenayo yokusebenza noma ezinye izimali eziyisisekelo zokufeza amakhono abo emsebenzini. Lapha kunezimo eziningana: umuntu kumele abe ensimini yeRussia Federation, kumele abhaliswe ngenkonzo yokuqashwa, futhi ahlale efuna umsebenzi.

Inkinga yokuqashwa kwentsha yanamuhla: isici sabantu

Njengoba wazi, iRussia njengombuso ozimele "ungangena ezinyaweni" kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka emva kokuwa kweSoviet Union. Kule nkathi izinguquko ezinkulu zenzeka hhayi kuphela emkhakheni wezezimali, umthetho wezomthetho, kodwa nasensimini yomphakathi, kufaka phakathi izindlela zokuxazulula inkinga yokuthola umsebenzi kubantu abasha. Njengamanje, iqembu elinjalo njengelutsha, lingamaphesenti angu-22 abantu bonke, noma abantu abayizigidi ezingu-32 eRussia.

Inkinga yokuthola imisebenzi kubantu abasha ekukhanyeni kwemfundo ingcono kakhulu. Ngeke ukwazi ukuqaphela ukuthi abantu abasha balwela ulwazi, zama ukungena emfundweni ephakeme, kodwa lapha zonke izici zesikhathi esizayo zilindele inkinga entsha ehlobene nokuthola umsebenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, inkinga entsha ivela nokuqashwa kwabaphothule amanyuvesi. Ngenxa yokukhula kwenkinga enzima, iningi labangaphambili labafundi baphoqeleka ukuba basebenze ngokwezifiso zabo, okusho ukuthi ulwazi, amakhono kanye namakhono abantu abasha abatholile ngaphakathi kwezindonga zesikhungo sombuso, empeleni ayinalutho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhulumeni usebentise imali yebhajethi ngeze. Isithombe sangempela singabonisa idatha yezibalo. Ngowezi-2016, izinga lokungasebenzi lokusemthethweni liyi-30% yeqembu lonke. Futhi lokhu akubandakanyi nje kuphela izingane zesikole, kodwa nalabo abangazange bafinyelele eminyakeni engama-29, okungukuthi, abafundi bokuqala, abafundi abaphothule iziqu, ukuqoqwa kwempi, njalonjalo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuzona zonke izakhamizi ezisebenza emzimbeni wezinsizakalo zokuqashwa, ngakho-ke, isibonakaliso esishiwo ngenhla singase sibaluleke kakhulu ngokumangalisayo.

Izici zeqembu lomphakathi elicatshangelwayo

Inkinga yokuthola umsebenzi kubantu abasha ihlanganiswe ngokungenakuqhathaniswa nezici ezitholakala kulo mphakathi wabantu. Njengomthetho, okokuqala kuqala yizinkinga ezihambisana nokuvumelanisa nezimo zamanje emkhakheni wezomnotho, insimu yokuthengisa. Indima ebalulekile idlala yinqubo yokukhetha umsebenzi, ukuzifunela nokuziqhenya, ukuthola umsebenzi, kanye nezindlu nezinye izinkinga zomnotho.

Imakethe yezabasebenzi

Cishe zonke izimo eziphathelene nokuqashwa kwabantu abasha e-Territory yaseKrasnoyarsk, iRiphabhuliki yaseKhakassia, eSifundazweni saseSverdlovsk, ziqondisa imakethe yezabasebenzi yanamuhla. Leli gama libhekisela ebuhlotsheni bezenhlalakahle nabasebenzi obukhona ngokubambisana kakhulu futhi bahlele uhlelo lobuhlobo bomphakathi olulawula inqubo nemibandela yokuqashwa komsebenzi, ukusetshenziswa nokushintshaniswa kwayo, indlela yokuhlinzeka nokufunwa, izindleko kanye nezinye izici eziningi ezihlobene Ukusebenzisana kwabasebenzi.

Imakethe yezabasebenzi yentsha idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile, njengoba kuyisici esikhethekile phakathi kwezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezikhulunywe ngenhla. Kukhona amaphethini abo kanye nezici zenhlalo nezomphakathi. Umqashi ngamunye ohlinzeka umsebenzi kumuntu omusha kufanele acabange ukuthi ngalesi sigaba ukungazinzi ngokomzwelo, ukushintsha ngokushesha izindinganiso zokuphila, ukungabi nakho okuhlangenwe nakho nokusebenza, isimo esiphansi sobuchwepheshe siyisici.

Ngokuqondene nezikhathi ezinhle, intsha ihlukaniswa ukuhamba, izinga eliphezulu lokukwazi ukukwazi, futhi ikhono lokusesha ngokushesha zonke izindlela zokuxazulula inkinga, ngokungafani nemikhakha enjengokukhubazeka noma omama esinqumweni.

"Ukusebenza" izici

Inkinga yokuthola umsebenzi kubantu abasha eRussia ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, cishe wonke umuntu osemusha noma oqeqeshwe esikhungweni semfundo amaphupho omsebenzi ohloniphekile, lapho ezobona khona konke okusemandleni othisha abatshalile kuye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akuzona zonke izingane ezisencane ezikwazi ukuzifumana ezimweni zokuncintisana okunzima, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanolwazi oluningi, amakhono namakhono.

Izinkinga zomsebenzi, ukuqashwa kwabantu abasha kuxhomeke ezicini ezilandelayo, okungukuthi: izinga lemali engenayo yomndeni ngamunye; Ikhono lokuziqhenya esimweni sokufunda; Imfundo ephakeme noma yezemfundo; Ukuqaphela amalungelo abo kanye neziqinisekiso zomphakathi ezinikezwa wuhulumeni. Uma siphendukela esigabeni sokuqala salesi sihloko, khona-ke kukhona ukuphakama okuphawulekayo ebangeni lobudala: kusukela eminyakeni engu-13 ukuya kwezingama-30. Yingakho phakathi kwentsha kunezinhlelo eziningana.

Amacembu amasha: isigaba sokuqala

Izinkinga eziyinhloko zokuqashwa kwentsha zixhunyaniswa ngokungahambisani neqembu elithile: kusuka eminyakeni engu-14 kuya kweyishumi nane. Leli qembu lihlanganisa abafundi abangu-95% nabafundi bekolishi. Lesi sikhathi sonyaka sihambisana nokulinganisa nokwamukela izindinganiso zokuphila eziyisisekelo, okuzayo esikhathini esizayo okuyoba nethonya elinamandla ekuthuthukiseni kwentuthuko yentuthuko yentuthuko yengane njengomuntu ngamunye. Kusukela eminyakeni engu-14, ukujwayela okusebenzayo ezimweni zokuphila nomphakathi kuyaqala ukwakha.

Kusukela eneminyaka engu-12-14 umuntu ngamunye uqala ukucabanga ngalokho angathanda ukuba khona, noma ngabe yimuphi umsebenzi akhethe. Inkinga yokuthola intsha yamuva yanamuhla eRussia inezici ezithile. Futhi konke ngenxa yokuthi emazweni angaphandle, isikhathi sokusebenza sikhulu kakhulu. Esimweni samanje, abantu abangamaphesenti angu-80 bahola imali yabo yokuqala ngaphambi kokuba bafinyelele eminyakeni yobudala. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo mkhuba awuthile, njengoba umsebenzi wezisebenzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyingxenye, uthinte kabi inqubo yokufunda. Uma le nkinga ivela eyunivesithi, ikhwalithi yokuqeqesha isazi esizayo ihlangabezana nalokhu.

Amacembu amancane: isigaba sesibili

Inkinga yokuthola umsebenzi osenkulumeni wanamuhla ivela kubantu abangakafiki eminyakeni engama-24, okungukuthi, iqembu laso lesibili liqukethe abantu abasha abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya kwangu-24 ubudala.

Njengomthetho, inqwaba enkulu lapha kukhona amadoda asebenze empini, kanye nabafundi abaqhubekela phambili izifundo zabo, noma ochwepheshe abasanda kuqeda esikoleni esiphakeme. Izinkinga zaleli qembu zihlobene nokuntuleka kohlelo lokusebenza. Yilokho, eqinisweni, bonke ochwepheshe banolwazi olwanele olubavumela ukuba bafeze umsebenzi wabo ngokuphumelelayo, kodwa empeleni abaqashi bayenqikaza ukwamukela abantu abasha ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho nokusebenza okuhlangenwe nakho.

Izingxenye ezincane zentsha: isigaba sesithathu

Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi iqembu elincane lesithathu lokugcina, elingena eminyakeni yobudala, liphakathi kwabantu abaneminyaka engama-25 kuya kwengu-30. Njengomthetho, abameleli bayo sebevele bazibeke njengabachwepheshe abathintekayo noma banokuhlangenwe nakho emsebenzini emkhakheni othile.

Izinkinga eziyinhloko zokuqashwa kwentsha kule nkathi zihambisana nezidingo eziphezulu zezezimali zomsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, iningi labamele leli qembu linomndeni, ngakho-ke, izidingo zezezimali zikhula kakhulu, ezithinta ngqo izinga leholo.

Ukucaciswa kwemakethe yentsha

Ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuthola umsebenzi kubantu abasha kungatholakala ngokucabangela zonke izici zayo. Ngokusekelwe kolwazi olutholakala ngenxa yokucwaninga kwezimakethe zentsha, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthuthukisa indlela futhi uthole izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Isici esiyinhloko ukungazenzeki njalo emakethe yezabasebenzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukunikezwa kanye nokufuna kuyashintsha njalo. Ngesinye isikhathi, kwakunezithuba ezivumelekile ukuthi ziqashe ngisho nabasakhulayo abangazange bafinyelele emdala, ngesikhathi esifanayo, eminyakeni engu-5-10 lesi simo sasizoshintsha ngokuphelele.

Ukuncintisana okuphansi

Abantu abasha - leli yiqembu abalimele balo, ngenxa yezimfanelo zabo zeminyaka nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo, banamanani amancane amathuluzi okuncintisana emakethe yomsebenzi. Ukungabi nolwazi oludingekile, amakhono nesipiliyoni, isipiliyoni somsebenzi, isipiliyoni sokusebenza asivumeli abaqashi ukuba babe nezingozi bese bamukela izisebenzi ezinjalo enhlanganweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumqashi kukhona inani elikhulu lemingcele kanye nezinkokhelo ezengeziwe ezihlobene nomsebenzi wezingane ezincane. Lapha, umthetho usungula izinqubo eziqinile ezihlobene namalungelo wengane, okungenjalo, akusizi umuntu ongaqasha umuntu omdala ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezikhethekile.

Umsebenzi wesifazane

Isimo esibucayi kakhulu emakethe yezabasebenzi iye yasungulwa ngokumelene nobulili obuhle. Phakathi kweziqu zemfundo ephakeme, iningi labesifazane. Nakhu kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi abaqashi banqika ukuthatha intsha ukuthi basebenze, bephikisana ngokuthi maduzane baya emthethweni.

Yiqiniso, umthetho uvimbela ukusetshenziswa komqashi ukwenqaba ukwamukela izizathu ezingenhla. Kodwa-ke, kanye nalokhu, abaphathi bathola isibalo esikhulu sezinye izizathu, mayelana "kungani ungasifani nathi".

Ngokuvamile, kubalulekile ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nemakethe yezabasebenzi yentsha okwamanje. Ukushintsha okusebenzayo kokuhlukahluka kubonisa ukuthi izinhlelo zenhlalo, ezicatshangwa yiziphathimandla zikahulumeni noma zikamasipala iminyaka eminingana ngaphambili, azikho imiphumela.

Ngalolu daba akunakwenzeka ukucabanga zonke izinguquko ezizokwenzeka eminyakeni emihlanu noma engu-7 futhi zizophazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkampani ezisencane. Yingakho izindlela zokuxazulula inkinga yokuthola umsebenzi kubantu abasha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zimelelwa uhlelo noma ezinye iziqinisekiso zomphakathi, kufanele zikwazi ukulungiswa.