27 Januwari - ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe Usuku lokukhumbula (Homeroom)

Omunye ukubonakaliswa esesabisayo kunayo yonke mayelana nomsebenzi uHitler amafilosofi yakhe kwaba Kwesizwe - ushushiso mass ukuqothulwa European eJudiya esikhathini kusukela ngo-1933 kuya ku-1945. Kwaba isibonelo libonwe emlandweni ukubhujiswa kanye kohlanga Armenia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 e ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Ngo-January 27, ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe Usuku lokukhumbula, uye zihlotshaniswa ukukhululwa wokuqala emakamu -Osventsima.

Umgomo - ukubhubhisa

Umgomo oyinhloko esabekwa ababehamba uHitler abalobi nesixazululo Umbuzo wamaJuda, kwaba nokuqothulwa ngamabomu isizwe ehlukile. Ngenxa yalokho, sabulala-60% samaJuda-Europe, okuyinto eyabangela cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu lonke labantu amaJuda. Ngokwemithombo ehlukahlukene, abulawa abantu abayizigidi ezingu-6. Ukukhululwa kwavela kuphela ngo-1945, ku-27 Januwari. International ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe Usuku lokukhumbula ihlanganisa imemori hhayi kuphela amaJuda efile.

Ngomqondo obanzi, lesi senzakalo Kwesizwe laseJalimane lobuNazi ne omunye kuhilela ukubhujiswa kazwelonke, ezincane zobungqingili, abagulayo, kanye ucwaningo lwezokwelapha. Leli gama ifikile ukuqoka, isimiso, zonke izenzo zobugebengu futhi imfundiso ka wobushiqela. Ikakhulu, yaphela nya ingxenye yesithathu lonke inani Roma labantu. Hhayi kuhlanganise ukulahleka kwezinto lempi zabulawa engaba yishumi amaphesenti nabasePoland nase abacishe babe yizigidi ezintathu iziboshwa iRed Army.

umshini ukufa

Ungqimba "ukuhlanzwa" lwabasebenzi ukunakwa ukhiye sakhokhwa ogulayo. I Egula ngengqondo futhi abakhubazekile abangu ngaphansi ukubulawa kwabantu ngobuningi. Lezi ukukhathazeka okufanayo futhi amadoda alala namadoda, okuyinto anesithoba amawaka kwabhujiswa. Ngaphandle ekubhujisweni, uhlelo Ukuqothulwa komhlaba ngezikhali ngcono okuqhubekayo kohlelo zabantu ababulawa. Lokhu futhi ucwaningo akunabuntu yezokwelapha, amakamu ozimele ibekwe iziboshwa odokotela nososayensi we Wehrmacht.

Ngempela "izimboni" esikalini nokuqothulwa laqhubeka kwaze Allied ayehlasela endaweni German. Kule ndaba, ngo-January 27, ngosuku inkumbulo izisulu amaNazi, ehlanganisa zonke izisulu wobuntu okunenjongo ababulawa emakamu okuqothula elakheka ngaphakathi ohlelweni.

Igama lesiHebheru

KwamaJuda ngokwawo kakhulu bangasebenzisa kakhulu elinye ihlandla - the Shoah, esimelela inqubomgomo amaNazi nolokubhujiswa ngamabomu abantu ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi inhlekelele noma inhlekelele. Kukholakala a igama ekungilo ezingaphezu kuka Kwesizwe. Leli gama ihlanganisa bonke ababehlala ezifundeni ezinabantu futhi wafa kudutshulwa mass okuhlushwa, emajele, ghettos, ababebalekela namahlathi, uma uzama udonse, njengoba ilungu yabashokobezi, ukunyakaza komhlaba phakathi nokuvukela, noma ngenkathi kuzanywa ukubaleka, bewela umngcele, wabulawa amaNazi nabasekeli babo. Igama lesiHeberu kwenzakala kakhulu efinyelela kude kuhlanganisiwe abameleli bazo zonke izizwe abafa bebulawa ezabulawa embusweni wamaNazi, badabula usizi esabekayo lokuthunjwa nasemakamu, kodwa namanje wasinda. Ngoba bonke ku 27 Januwari - ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe Usuku lokukhumbula - kuyinto lwaleli, elilwela mlando, okuyinto neze abantu bamaJuda oyokwazi ukukhohlwa.

ukufa nokuphila izibalo

Ngokushesha ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II yaqala ukubonakala izibalo yokuqala zonya ka-Third Reich eYurophu nase Russia. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana izilinganiso zokuqala ekuqalisweni kokusebenza etinhlosweni maqondana abantu 'eliphansi' - ukusebenzisa njengoba izigqila ukwakhiwa kanye ekukhiqizeni, ekuhlukanisweni nabantu bakaJehova, isijeziso, ukubhujiswa - emakamu eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa ghettos lalihlelekile. Isibalo engaphelele ngaphandle amaJuda Slavic, nabasePoland, Roma, demented, amadoda alala namadoda, ogulela ukufa. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-21 leminyaka th, kwamenyezelwa ngokomthetho ukuthi izinhlangano ezinjalo amaNazi wadala ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili. Lena isiphetho esafinyelelwa ngesikhathi abasebenzi ucwaningo nososayensi ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe Memorial Museum, esemgwaqweni e-Washington. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, i-Museum efanayo wamemezela ukuthi ithole izindawo ezintsha njengekhono emakamu okufa, okuyinto, by ukubalisisa kwabo, waba kungathi izinkulungwane 42,5 eYurophu.

Ubunzima ekukhombeni izisulu

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngemva kwempi emphakathini emhlabeni ochazwe izenzo zamaNazi njengoba umthetho ukuthula esintwini futhi wanquma ukuba bahlulele labo abasala. Ngesikhathi abadumile eNuremberg nokulingwa, eyathatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kweziyisishiyagalombili nokuba eziyishumi, kwamenyezelwa sikhulu ngaleso sikhathi sibalo amaJuda efile - 6 million. Nokho, leli nani, yebo, akubonisi ngokoqobo, ngoba akukho uhlu lwamagama izisulu. Lapho elaseSoviet futhi amabutho ahlangene amaNazi nyá noma yiluphi iminonjana engase ezisikhanyisela iqiniso. EJerusalema, eNational iSikhumbuzo Kwesizwe futhi ubuqhawe, kukhona uhlu lwamagama ezikhonjwe abayizigidi ezine. Kodwa ubunzima Ubala izisulu kweqiniso ngenxa yokuthi lababuleweyo eSoviet Union, amaJuda ayibalwanga ngoba bonke labizwa ngokuthi "isakhamuzi namaSoviet". Ngaphezu kwalokho, babebaningi owafa e-Europe, lapho kwakungekho omunye ukulungisa.

Ekubaleni idatha ehlanganiswe ososayensi zisebenzisa yokubala abantu idatha ezithathwe ngaphambi nangemva kwempi. Ngokusho la idatha, ePoland wabulala amaJuda ayizigidi 3 USSR - 1.2 million Belarus - 800 ayizinkulungwane, eJalimane, eLithuania nase -. 140 ayizinkulungwane, Latvia -. Ayizinkulungwane 70, Hungary -. 560 ayizinkulungwane, Romania -. 280 ayizinkulungwane. Holland - 100 ayizinkulungwane, eFrance kanye Czech Republic - .. 80 eziyinkulungwane, Slovakia, Greece, eYugoslavia labhujiswa esuka kubantu 60 kuya kwezingu-70 .. Kungakhathaliseki bulukhuni nobe imbangela izibalo bonke abadumisa International ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe Usuku lokukhumbula, lizwakalise kafushane zonya zamaNazi kukhona ubugebengu obenziwa esintwini.

Auschwitz

Omunye edume kakhulu futhi esabekayo amakamu okufa. Nakuba lapha amaNazi babe ezimali ngempela esiqinile iziboshwa, kungekho ukuvumelana ngenani izisulu. Ngo inqubo global ngokuthi lesi sibalo sabantu 4 million, amadoda SS owayesebenza ekamu, ebizwa ngokuthi, ososayensi kwezigidi ezingu 2-3 ahlukahlukene bamemeza 1 laya ezigidini ezingu-3.8 Redemption lo ekamu futhi usuku eziqokiwe: 27 Januwari -. International ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe Usuku lokukhumbula. Ikamu, eyaziwa emhlabeni efana Auschwitz, lahlelwa eduze Polish edolobheni Oswiecim. Kusukela ngo-1941 kuya ku-1945, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1.4 babulawa insimu yalo, lapho-1.1 million - amaJuda. Ikamu eyathatha isikhathi eside, wehlela emlandweni njengoba iwuphawu Kwesizwe. Eminyakeni emibili ngemva kwempi, emnyuziyamu, okuyinto eyaba yingxenye UNESCO Site lahlelwa.

Njengoba kwakuwumhlangano ekamu lokuqala, eyakhishwa ngesikhathi benqoba amabutho undlovukayiphikiswa, waba quintessence zonya, unya, esihogweni beqiniso emhlabeni. Ngokusho isinqumo UN 27 Januwari, ngosuku inkumbulo yizisulu zokuqothulwa kohlanga 2nd neMpi Yezwe, kwaba i inkumbulo usuku lomhlaba.

izigaba ezintathu yokuxazulula le Umbuzo wamaJuda

On the ikundla ngamazwe ngesikhathi eNuremberg Kwabikwa ukuthi isinqumo kwalo mbuzo lahlukaniswa laba izigaba ezintathu. Kuze 1940, amaJuda eJalimane futhi thina ukuyihlanza ethatha le ndawo. Kuze 1942 ayesebenzela lokuhlushwa wonke umphakathi wamaJuda ePoland naseMpumalanga Yurophu ngaphansi kokulawula eJalimane. Khona-ke kwamiswa bona yonkana ndawo esempumalanga ghetto, lapho bebehlala khona: ekhishwe inyumbazane. Isikhathi sesithathu waqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempi esikhundleni kwakusho ukubhujiswa okuphelele okungokoqobo kwamaJuda. I-oda isinqumo sokugcina isayinwe ngokuqondile Genrihom Gimmlerom.

Ngaphambi kokubhujiswa Kwakuhlelwe, ngaphezu ikamelo ghetto, ukwehlukanisa nabo kwabanye abantu, okuthiwa ukuhlukaniswa, futhi ihlinzeka uxoshwe ngokuphelele ukuphila komphakathi, ekuphucweni nempahla yabo kanye nokuba ulethe amaJuda esimeni lapho amathuba okusinda ngabe kuqinisekiswe kuphela izigqila. Memory futhi lezi amacala itholakala izenzakalo agcinwe ngoJanuwari 27. Kukhunjulwa usuku Sizokwenza hhayi kuphela walabo abashona, kodwa mhlawumbe ngaphezu kwakho konke kulabo benane ngazo nemizamo ezinkulukazi wakwazi ukusinda.

Ukunqunywa usuku

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi uma yakhethwa eMpini Yezwe Chronicle International ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe Usuku lokukhumbula. Usuku sivunyiwe ngesinqumo ehlukile yeZizwe Ezihlangene imiswa, bamukela 1 Novemba 2005. Khona-ke, emhlanganweni okhethekile we-UN General Assembly elalinikezelwe iminyaka engu-60 Lokho kukhululeka kwaqala nge ngomzuzu uthule. Lo mhlangano ubuhanjelwe, kanye nezwe ukuthi iye yaba umthombo yenhlekelele ezinkulukazi European eJudiya. Democratic eJalimane, wathi ke ummeleli wakhe, uye wafunda amaphutha esiyingozi futhi eyesabekayo ye ukuphathwa imikhuba yakhe yangaphambili engalungile, abaphambukayo mhlahlandlela. Kuyinto kuleli zwe ngo-January 27, ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe Usuku lokukhumbula eJalimane, emcimbini waminyaka yonke kulesi senzakalo kukhona isikhumbuzo amaphutha engapheli. Nokho, abantu-German baqonde kahle umthwalo abawuphathisiwe laba bantu futhi musa ngamabomu zamylivaet esidlule yakhe. Ngo-2011, ngokokuqala ngqa ngalolo suku futhi kufakwe izinkomba amaRom njengoba izisulu zokuqothulwa kohlanga.

Ngokufundisa isizukulwane young

Zonya obenziwa umuntu ngokumelene indoda ihlale emlandweni futhi inkumbulo lesintu kuze kube phakade. Nokho, kukhona amacala anjalo, isikhumbuzo zazo kufanele liphindwe ngezikhathi ukuvimbela, ukuvikela, ukuvimbela. Lihlobene ukoniwa ngembubhiso esihleliwe amaNazi lonke labo they libhekwe njengelingcwele izinhlanga yalutho futhi awufanelwe unelungelo lokuphila. Ukuze uhlole kangcono le nkathi ezikoleni ukuqhuba izifundo okukhululekile ngesibonakaliso umlando obubhalwe, kuhlanganise survey eyenziwe amaNazi emakamu ekubulaweni kwenqwaba yabantu.

"Ngo-January 27 - I-Holocaust Usuku lokukhumbula" - Homeroom elinegama elifanayo iqhutshelwa ezikoleni eziningi Russian nabaseYurophu. Phakathi lezi zifundo wachaza ngokuningiliziwe umsuka izwi nencazelo yalo. Ikakhulukazi, le nkulumo impande ngokunembile isiGreki esiseBhayibhelini elisho ukuthi "lomnikelo wokushiswa." Ngesikhatsi sesifundvo abafundi ukukhombisa amaslayidi ezinkulukazi ngezithombe, ziye zafinyelela emhlabeni wonke ngemva kwesihlalo sokwahlulela ngamazwe usulungise incazelo nhlekelele ngamazwe Kwesizwe.

Khanyisa uqhekeko uye zihlangana

Umbuzo wokuqala ephakama ibizwa ngokuthi abantu bamaJuda ukutadisha Kwesizwe, inzondo kungani ezinjalo? Kungani amaJuda babé injongo eyinhloko esimisweni nolokubhujiswa isintu? Sula izimpendulo zale mibuzo kuze kube yilolu suku. Enye inguqulo evamile iwukuthi ngalesi sikhathi ukwazi mass amaJalimane Kwakudida ukuba kwamaJuda, okuyinto Hitler wakwazi kufuthwe ukuze osayizi Amazing. Yingakho, ezicashe azithandayo, futhi wakwazi ukuqaphela nomgomo walo ukuyiqeda.

Esinye isizathu salokhu connivance abantu German ibizwa ngokuthi yini sasuswa impahla Jewish ngemva Kristallnacht ngoNovemba 1938, wayiswa amaJalimane abavamile. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, umzabalazo nempahla yabo kanye isikhundla okuholela ukuthi amaJuda matasa umphakathi, ukubizwa ngokuthi esinye frontrunners. Nokho, ngaphandle lokhu kwaholela mpendulo kaHitler umbuzo yokuzizwa ungcono kunabantu bezinye. Futhi bonke labo, ngokuvumelana bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe, kwaba babi we Aryans izimpawu, ecacile kuphela abasekeli lo mbono, kwakudingekile ukuba abhubhise. Futhi 27 Januwari - ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe Usuku lokukhumbula - kuba isikhumbuzo njalo yini engaletha yokukhulekela Orthodox nokulalela noma yini umbono.

usuku International ukuhlupheka

Naphezu ukuqonda umlingisi leentjhabatjhaba ukuza nhlekelele kweqiniso kwaphela isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka, ngosuku olulodwa ka kukhunjulwa izisulu zenhlekelele azange abe labo zehlakalo ezimbi. Futhi kuphela ngo-2005 kwanqunywa ukuba akhethe usuku, owawungumnyaka ngosuku lokuqala yokukhululwa ekamu Auschwitz - ku 27 Januwari. UkuQothulwa Kwesizwe Usuku lokukhumbula Nokho kwamanye amazwe, kukhona ku usuku lwakho. E-Hungary, ngalolu suku wakhethwa usuku ukuthuthelwa mass Hungarian amaJuda ghetto - April 16, 1944. kwavukelwa ku Warsaw ghetto and isikhathi, esenzeka ngoJanuwari 1943 futhi ukuyiveza akhethwe lusakhunjulwa Israyeli. Ngokusho ekhalendeni lamaJuda, usuku 27 uNisani. Ngokusho ikhalenda likaGregory , lolu suku kuvumelana kwesikhathi 7 April kuya 7 Meyi. ELatvia lusakhunjulwa wakhethwa ngo-July 4, lapho wonke amasinagoge babeshiswa esithandweni 1941. Okthoba 9, 1941 waqala kokuxoshwa kwenqwaba lamaJuda Romanian. Kwaba usuku Kwesizwe eRomania. UkuQothulwa Kwesizwe Usuku lokukhumbula eJalimane kukhona, njengoba emhlabeni, ngomhla ka-27 Januwari.