Ukuze kuhlonishwe umuntu okuthiwa Commander Islands? I uhambo Vitus Bering

Umkhuzi Islands kukhona iqoqo leziqhingi, okubandakanya eziqhingini ezincane 4 esikhulu 10. Basuke etholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yoLwandle Bering. Itholakala eNyakatho Pacific. Bering Sea kumephu kumele wafuna phakathi ingxenye kude empumalanga yeRussia ne-US-Alaska. Ngokwe-division zokuphatha, iqoqo leziqhingi ise eKamchatka esifundeni WaseRussia. Bambalwa abantu bazi, behlonipha bani okuthiwa Commander Islands.

Basuke eduze okwakuthandelene isiko Russian futhi Aleut. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke Ukwakheka kwezitho Bering Island, okuyinto ine side ukusuka enyakatho kuya ifomu eningizimu. It has an indawo 1.660 amakhilomitha square. Of zokwakheka ezine esiqhingini abantu bahlale kuwo kuphela. Abanye basala owayehlala Commander Islands. Russia has a lot of ezindaweni ongaphakeme ukwanda kwabantu. Lezi ziqhingi nje ubaphatha.

Edolobhaneni Nikolskoye ku Bering Isiqhingi cishe 700 izakhamuzi. Ukuze uthole oya ezwekazini, badinga unqobe amakhilomitha ambalwa. Ukundiza indiza 3 amahora, kanye nezinye indlela ukuhambisa cishe lingekho. Ebusika, lesi siqhingi embozwe yiqhwa futhi uthule umoya imisinga. Esikhathini ukushisa kwehlobo ejabulisa bendawo ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela. Ikakhulu ubuswa sezulu ezimanzi, inkungu esindayo, ngokuvamile lina. Elinesimo ushintsho elibukhali izimo zezulu.

Lolu hambo lokuqala Vitus Bering

Konke kwaqala nge Tsar isiRashiya, "wavula ifasitele eYurophu." Ngesikhathi twilight wokubusa kwakhe , uPetru mina wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ukudalwa izinyathelo ekuvuleni amasimu amasha enyakatho nasempumalanga, kanye badedele imizila yemikhumbi ehlanganisa e-US kanye namazwe Indian. Ekuqaleni 1725, ekhathele ngenxa yezifo esingathí sina, Tsar Russian ukuthuthukisa ngemihlahlandlela yomsebenzi wokulungiselela "laseSiberia Expedition", inhloso okwakunzima ukufinyelela Melika ngokusebenzisa North Sea coast cwaningo futhi ukuqopha kubo kumephu lapho.

Umholi Expedition waba Vitus Bering, kuvulwa okuzoba amangalisayo esikhathini esizayo. Ukukhetha i-Dane wawa, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa nemizamo yayo okuphindaphindiwe ukufinyelela osogwini olusenyakatho-American. Nokho, wayengasaboni idlule strait, esagcina ngegama lakhe, ngenxa kwalokho wabuyela ku-1730 eSt.

Eyesibili uhambo Vitus Bering

Enhloko-dolobha ye-Russian Empire Behring kubika nohambo lwayo iya kuHulumeni Anny Ioannovny, kanye ucwaningo olusha yabonisa plan, kuphikisana ukubaluleka kokutadisha ezindaweni enyakatho futhi emikhawulweni laseSiberia, ukuze bakwazi ukudayisa iNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Melika naseJapane.

Loluhlelo sasekelwa itilosi Danish, okuholela nokuqaliswa kwalo enikeziwe uxhaso abalulekile. Yingakho eRussia liguquguquke kuze kuphele zonke Bering ivulekile. ukukhuthala ekhethekile ukuqaliswa kwe-project sewenze Senate Admiralty kanye Academy of Sciences. Ngo-1732 kwaba khona isinqumo iSigele ukulungiswa yesibili eKamchatka uhambo. Weza yaziwa ngokuthi Omkhulu Northern Expedition. Isinqumo kwamenyezelwa ukuthi uhambo iyona ezikude kakhulu, nge nobunzima eside, okokuqala lwenteke.

Omkhulu Northern Expedition waqala ngo 1733 futhi yaphela 1743. Ngemva kokuhlola imiphumela ke ungathola, behlonipha bani okuthiwa Commander Islands. Lolu hambo lalinabashumayeli amaqembu 7, okuyizinto zizimele kusukela kwenye. imikhumbi 10 izinkudla abantu 580. Imisebenzi unit ngayinye kuhlanganisiwe luhlolo predetermined ububanzi.

amaqembu umsebenzi

Okokuqala Squad, eyayiholwa lieutenants UStepan Muravev futhi Mikhail Pavlov, langena indlela lishaye kusukela Arkhangelsk. Inhloso yayiwukuba ukuhlola esogwini phakathi Pechora kanye ob lip.

Eyesibili iyunithi, okuyinto wasuka Tobolsk, elaliholwa uLieutenant Dmitry Ovtsyn. Wayedinga ukuhlola ogwini olusempumalanga ye eGulf of OB kuze kube sekupheleni enyakatho yeNhlonhlo Taimyr noma Khatanga.

ULieutenant Vasily Pronchishchev wahola lamabutho lwesithathu, ogama msebenzi kwakumelwe uhlole ogwini, entshonalanga umlomo ULena. Ndawonye nesikhulu Russian ku ukubhukuda waya umkakhe Tatiana. Waba ngowesifazane wokuqala nengxenye bomkhankaso polar.

Inhloko ihlukane wesine baba uLieutenant uPetru Lasinius, ngemva kokufa kabani ophethe waqokwa Dmitry Laptev. Izinjongo zalolu Iqembu labacwaningi kuhlanganisiwe ekutadisheni ogwini olusempumalanga, osuka umlomo Yelena kuya yesimanje iBering Strait.

Ehola iyunithi yesihlanu kwakunguShamhuti ngqo iBering. Masiphinde yale ndoda esikhathini esizayo kuyoba impendulo yombuzo othi: "? Yokudumisa othile okuthiwa Commander Islands". squad wesihlanu okuhloswe ukuhlola eKamchatka kanye North-West Melika neziqhingi ekhona eNyakatho Pacific Ocean.

lamabutho Sixth ngaphansi kobuholi Martin Shpanberg kwadingeka ukuthola mayelana Kuril Islands futhi ugu Japanese. Izinjongo squad lwesikhombisa, ethiwa zezemfundo, kufakwe ekutadisheni endaweni yangaphakathi yeSiberia. Ikhanda lakhe laselilethwa yaqoka uSolwazi Gerhard Miller. umsebenzi Abacwaningi 'owawusenkundleni ethile imodi imfihlo.

Ukufinyelela iqembu lokuqala

Okokuqala Squad oye wachitha iminyaka 4 ukuhambisa kusuka Arkhangelsk kuya soMfula ob. ngempumelelo enkulu (uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho wavula Behring), abacwaningi angakaziwa - iye yachazwa sasivumela endaweni encane ebhishi, Ugra ibhola futhi Matveev Island, Long nokwasendaweni. Lokhu kungenxa yokungabikho ukuvela ukhwekhwe, okwakubekelwa ugunda amalungu bomkhankaso cishe kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala travel.

Kube nezinkinga isiyalo phakathi amatilosi, ukuze kuzuzwe ezisebenza yesijeziso esikhulu ka bashaywe. Umhlahlandlela neqembu lokuqala kwakukhona ukungezwani, kodwa ebusika bendawo ahlukunyezwa ngu yizimpahla forwarders ngesisekelo okuyinto bamukela izikhalazo. Ngemva kwalokho kwaba khona ushintsho lobuholi, yisho iqembu waba uLieutenant UStepan Malygin, kamuva usuqede umsebenzi neqembu lokuqala.

Ukuphumelelisa iqembu lesibili

I uhambo Vitus Bering encenyeni iyunithi yesibili owakwazi athole impumelelo enkulu uma ziqhathaniswa iqembu lokuqala. Phakathi umgomo wakhe, lo lamabutho Ovtsyna isikhulu ukuqedela umsebenzi, okuyinto ezihlobene cwaningo ogwini emlonyeni the OB kuya Yenisei. Esefikile team leader Petersburg iye zehliswa ezikhundleni ngemva kweminyaka emithathu kusukela kuqale uhambo, ngesisekelo isinqumo zezombusazwe. Yena udumo ubuhlobo obuseduze Prince Dolgoruky, owayeneminyaka ekudingisweni.

Ngemva kwalokho, iqembu amakhanda wesibili abe Fedor Minin futhi Dmitry Sterlegov. Phakathi nohambo lwabo lwasolwandle lokuqala Minin wakwazi ukuya kuphela emlonyeni Yenisei. Khona-ke ehlobo Ingxenye enkulu yonyaka owalandela wathuthela empumalanga. Kodwa ngemuva kokuphumelela eziqhingini eziningi ezincane, sibhekene ice, Minin banquma ukuyeka endleleni yakhe. Sterlegov komhlaba ehlanganiswa ibanga mpumalanga soMfula Yenisei iCape, okuyinto kamuva yethiwa kuye. EKamchatka uhambo squad yesibili Vitus Bering sika ngalesi sekupheleni.

Nokho, phakathi abaholi abasha neqembu lesibili kunomehluko. Ngemva kokubuya uhambo owasungula icala okwaholela Minin ukuthi zehliswa ezikhundleni ematilosini iminyaka engu-2.

Izimpumelelo unit wesithathu

I lamabutho lwesithathu ababegibele "Yakutsk" kusukela umlomo Yelena labetibambile isendleleni ngasentshonalanga. Uma befika emlonyeni Olenek, ikhanda Pronchishchev iqembu kwanqunywa ukuba ngidlulise nobusika. Ngemva engisikhethile baqhubeka bomkhankaso, zokunqoba ice esindayo. Ukufinyelela ugu lweNyakatho yonke iNhlonhlo Taimyr kusukela empumalanga, abacwaningi ngenxa ukungakwazi ukuqhubeka indlela emuva emlonyeni Olenek.

Ngemva Pronchishchev ukufa e 1736 waba yinhloko yezizwe lamabutho Chariton Laptev. Yizimpahla forwarders usuqede coast yeNhlonhlo Taimyr ezweni.

Izimpumelelo unit wesine

squad Okwesine wahlupheka eside ukulahlekelwa womuntu ngenxa ukhwekhwe, okuyinto bafa ngenxa yekhanda lakhe - Peter Lasinius, kanye namalungu 35 bomkhankaso. Umholi omusha kwaba Dmitry Laptev, oye ngempumelelo wahlola ugu phakathi Yelena kanye Kolyma. Ngaphansi wayaleza, lamabutho wesine uye wenza umzamo ukugwema le Peninsula Chukotka futhi ufinyelele ngemikhumbi eKamchatka, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya.

Izimpumelelo we egumbini lesihlanu. Ukutholakala kwe-Commander Islands

Iqembu yesihlanu eholwa Bering kumeyili zikebhe ngokuthi "St UPetru "futhi" Saint. UPawulu "salibangisa eNyakatho neMelika. Julayi 15, 1741 okokuqala wabona induna ogwini "St UPawulu "Alexei Chirikov. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa umkhumbi wawusondela ezwekazini ngaphansi kobuholi Bering. Ngenxa yokuthi isiphepho "St Peter "wayekhona esiqhingini desert, lapho umkhuzi induna wabulawa ukhwekhwe. Yokungcwaba amalungu efile bomkhankaso atholakele ngo-1991.

Ngakho, behlonipha bani okuthiwa Commander Islands? Ukuze kuhlonishwe Commander Vitus Bering. Kodwa engahlangene nje kuphela amagama iziqhingi. Strait iBering Sea kumephu engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Pacific Ocean futhi siwuthwale igama lenduna ezinkulu.

Izimpumelelo amaqembu yesithupha neyesikhombisa

Ngenxa oda yesithupha neyesikhombisa yatholwa imininingwane ewusizo kule womhlaba, Geological, ensimini ethnographic enyakatho nasempumalanga eSiberia, kanye ovulekile futhi wafunda Kuril Islands kanye enyakatho Japan.