Biography of Archimedes. okutholakele esivelele Archimedes

Usosayensi yamaGreki asendulo-Archimedes kwaba umsunguli, isazi sezibalo, umklami, unjiniyela oyisazi sezinkanyezi futhi umakhenikha. Wasungula indlela efana physics zezibalo. Futhi, abacwaningi baye basungula izindlela lokuthola amavolumu, evele nezindawo zemizimba ahlukahlukene kanye nezibalo, silindele calculus ebalulekile. He is nombhali amacebo amaningi. Nge igama usosayensi elihlobene ne ukubonakala imithetho isigwedlo, ukwethulwa kwe-elithi "maphakathi gravity" nocwaningo emkhakheni hydrostatic. Lapho amaRoma ehlasela Syracuse, inkampani ubunjiniyela ukuzivikela wahlanganyela umuzi Archimedes.

Ezikhathini ubuchwepheshe okusezingeni eliphezulu nokunye okuye kwatholwa isayensi, thina bajwayele ukubona impumelelo njengoba into evamile, enganakile ukuthi ngesisekelo solwazi ezikhona esabekwa yezazi zasendulo. Kwakumelwe amaphayona. Futhi Archimedes of Syracuse kwaba ubuhlakani ngakho ngaso sonke. Ngemva kokuba waqinisekisa iningi imibono yabo siqu ku-umkhuba. Abantu besikhathi sethu asetshenziswa ngempumelelo emsebenzini, nakuba ukuthi abanye abamazi nokumazi kwaba wazo. Biography of Archimedes ukuthi ngasinda kusuka tinganekwane izinkumbulo kuphela. Sikunikeza yazi nalo.

Ebuntwaneni nemfundo

Archimedes, Biography iDemo ozokwethulwa ngezansi, yazalwa ngo-Syracuse azungeze 287 BC. e. esengumntwana kwaqondana nenkathi lapho iNkosi kaPhiru elwa nawo abaseCarthage namaRoma, uzama ukudala uhlobo olusha isimo ngesiGreki. Ikakhulukazi zihlukaniswa kule mpi Hiero - eyisihlobo Archimedes, owaba umbusi Syracuse. Phidias (ubaba womfana) kwaba Hieron eseduze. Lokhu kwamenza wakwazi ukunikeza imfundo enhle ukuze Archimedes. Kodwa le nsizwa abanalo ulwazi olwanele theory, futhi waya e-Alexandria, lapho ngaleso sikhathi isikhungo ngokwesayensi. Lapha, lukaPtolemy - ababusi Egypt - baye baqoqa best izazi ngesiGreki ongqondongqondo isikhathi. Futhi e-Aleksandriya yayiyinhloko-umtapo ngobukhulu emhlabeni, lapho sekuyisikhathi eside Archimedes wafunda wezibalo nangemisebenzi yokuphulukisa Eudoxus, Democritus, njll Ngaleyo minyaka, umcwaningi esizayo befriended isazi sezinkanyezi Conon, isazi sokuma kwezwe nesazi sezibalo Eratosthenes. Khona-ke wahola nabo ingxenye ukuxhumana.

umsebenzi wokuqala

Ngemva kokutadisha Archimedes, Biography iDemo okuyinto bonke ososayensi ezaziwayo, wabuyela Syracuse futhi ngofuzo isikhundla Phidias - Inkantolo sezinkanyezi. Hiero Ngenxa efika e nenkathi yokuthula. Ukuze uphume iqhaza Okokuqala ZabaseCarthage neMpi, wakhokha a lokumiswa omkhulu eRoma. Esikhathini "Umlando Jikelele" Polybius wayichaza ngale ndlela: "Hiero liqala ukubusa, engenamyeni udumo noma ingcebo, noma yimuphi izipho ukudalelwa. Akazange ubuhlungu, akazange belahla, hhayi ukubulala, kodwa imithetho kakhulu ngendlela '54 ... "Noma kunjalo, Hieron, efana owamlandela, ziphathwe ukunakwa okukhulu ekuqiniseni umuzi belungiselela kungenzeka zimpi lempi.

imisebenzi yesayensi

Isikhundla sezinkanyezi kwaba umthwalo, futhi Archimedes wayekhululekile zenze ezinye izinto. Ngamagama ezincwadini izifundo zakhe zazinqamukile enezici. Imisebenzi yokuqala ye-Archimedes besishumayela Mechanics. Wancika ke, futhi kwezinye amaphepha zezibalo. Ngokwesibonelo, umcwaningi wasebenzisa isimiso isigwedlo ukuxazulula ezinye izinkinga weJiyomethri. Wenza iziphetho zezibalo evezwe umsebenzi "On the yakhoibrium ngendiza izibalo." Lo msebenzi usosayensi liye laba yitshe legumbi "parabola squaring" (calculus ebalulekile), okuzokwenza ukuvula eminyakeni 2000. Futhi incwadi "Ngo yokulinganisa mbuthano" kusho umcwaningi ibalwa isilinganiso ububanzi embuthanweni ukuze ubude bayo, noma ngamanye amazwi, lo pi Inombolo (3.14). Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke namanje usebenzisa yakhe yasungulwa amagama uhlelo integers.

impumelelo yezesayensi

Biography Archimedes uchaza amabili kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe kwezesayensi okubalulekile kakhulu: imfundiso kaZiqu-maphakathi gravity kanye nokusungulwa isimiso isigwedlo. Wabuye wabeka izisekelo hydrostatics. Kuphela ngasekupheleni kwawo-16 futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, laba imibono ezakhiwa Pascal, uGalileo, Stevin nabanye ososayensi owasebenzisa Archimedes 'isimiso, wachaza emsebenzini wakhe "On imizimba ezintantayo". Lo msebenzi umzamo wokuqala ukuhlola practice imibono ebalulekile isakhiwo ndaba ngokudala imodeli. Archimedes wazibonakalisa hhayi kuphela eziningana amalungiselelo enkulu ubunjalo bomzimba athomu in the ketshezi, kodwa wabuye waqinisekisa eziningi imibono atomistic ka Democritus. Kulesi umsebenzi, lwesayensi umcwaningi ubuhlakani wabonakaliswa ngamandla ethile. Imiphumela yakhe kungasilahlekisela kuphela ekhulwini le-19.

nezinye izifundo

Njengoba biography of Archimedes, ngaphandle Mechanics, i-physics kanye mathematics, yena waba waziphatha yokukhanya sezulu weJiyomethri. Futhi, usosayensi aphethwe uchungechunge ucwaningo kwi kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona yokukhanya. Kunobufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda bokuthi Archimedes wabhala indzaba leyakheke omkhulu - "Catoptrics", kodwa ngeshwa, ayizange balondolozwa. Ngesisekelo yalo amavesi asele kungenzeka babecabanga ukuthi umphenyi wayazi umphumela incendiary lens ngilugweda ngu kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona zokuhlolwa ukukhanya iqhutshwe umoya namanzi ezindaweni, futhi kwadingeka umbono mayelana izakhiwo izithombe ku phakathi, convex kanye nezibuko flat. Ngaphandle izingcaphuno ngasinda theorem eyodwa kuphela efakazela ukuthi ugongolo ukukhanya uma sizibuka esibukweni engela kwesifo lilingana engela reflection.

ukuzivikela Syracuse

Ukuvula Archimedes kwezobunjiniyela bamlethela udumo kakhulu, okuyinto awela umngcele wase-hhayi amazwe kuphela, kodwa futhi eminyaka. Ngokucace ubunjiniyela yakhe ubuhlakani wazibonakalisa 214 BC. e. ngesikhathi evimbezela Syracuse lwakubo. Archimedes ku eyishumi wesikhombisa. Kwakungesinye nokunqoba enkulu emphilweni usosayensi othile. Lapha wazehlukanisa hhayi kuphela njengoba womqalisi, kodwa futhi njengoba umakhi nomhleli ovelele. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi izakhiwo lasendulo aqukethe izindonga eziqinile. Archimedes aboshelwe izintuba zabo futhi izintuba eyenzelwe iziqubu maphakathi kanye aphansi. He qamba e sokuthula, izimoto ukulwa avunyelwe ukuvikela Syracuse ekubusweni amaRoma ukuhlasela iminyaka emithathu.

eminyakeni yamuva

Njengoba ubona, impilo yesayensi Archimedes babukhanya igcwaliswe. Eminyakeni yamuva, sasisempini imisebenzi computationally-yezinkanyezi. Tit Livy (Umlobi ongumRoma) wambiza ngokuthi "omunye abe isibukeli uhlobo izinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni." Futhi nakuba thina azifinyelelanga iyiphi yezincwadi enye yezinkanyezi of Archimedes, asikwazi sokungabaza ubuqiniso lesi sici. Mayelana amakilasi yalemisebenzi kuqinisekiswa indaba sphere yasezulwini adalwe kuye, futhi ngabe indzabambhalo "Isihlabathi ningi", lapho ososayensi bazama babala inombolo yetinhlavu zesihlabathi endaweni yonke.

Encwadini yakhe ethi umcwaningi umzuzwana ukuthi kungenziwa ashiwo "ukutholwa isigaba Archimedes. Usosayensi wokuqala emlandweni wesayensi wafanisa izinhlelo ezimbili zomhlaba - lo heliocentric futhi geocentric. Archimedes wabhala: "izazi zezinkanyezi eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi ekuqaleni izwe - ibhola Isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi kwe-Earth futhi maphakathi ilanga." Ngakho, wayeqaphela zobukhulu zezwe, azi ukuthi ezilinganiselwe. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abacwaningi ukuletha ukubalisisa kwabo kuze kube sekupheleni.

isiphetho

Lokhu uphela biography of Archimedes. Wabonakala phambi kwethu wobunjiniyela, umcwaningi, umhlaziyi futhi popularizer yesayensi. Inhlanganisela ukucabanga esisebenzayo ngethalente zezibalo namakhono yenhlangano ngaleso sikhathi kwaba rarity. Ngo emlandweni wesayensi Archimedes efika njengompristi yisibonelo esikhazimulayo umcwaningi owakwazi ngokuvumelanayo sihlanganise theory kanye umkhuba. Impela, bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye usosayensi okuyisibonelo, obani-ke kuyadingeka ukuthatha isibonelo kwezinye izizukulwane abacwaningi. Umgwaqo ohlongozwayo Archimedes physics zezibalo awuzange beqonda sina noma inzalo yakhe, noma ososayensi Ephakathi. Lapho ecabanga abacwaningi, ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuthi Archimedes wayephakathi kwabo irekhodi. Kuphela 16-17 ekhulwini zezibalo European bakwazi ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kanye nobukhulu iminikelo yakhe ngokwesayensi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isazi-Greek kwadingeka abalandeli abaningi kanye abathanda, livutha isifiso ukufakazela ithiyori yabo lenzuzo ukhonkolo. Futhi manje, inkumbulo ososayensi ubuhlakani ozitholile, okuphindaphindiwe ukukhala efanayo Archimedes: "Eureka! Ngithole. "