Ushaka-fin mako: isithombe kanye nencazelo. mako shark-kuhlasela ngesivinini

Lena ngempela ushaka omkhulu, ilungu lomkhaya Herring. Uma kungenjalo, ibizwa ngokuthi bonito, chernorylaya, mackerel oShaka grey-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Latin - Isurus oxyrinchus. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi uyinzalo zinhlobo lasendulo Isurus hastilus, kabani abamele ukufinyelela elingamamitha ayisithupha ubude kanye esingamathani angaba mayelana ezintathu. Lolu hlobo ushaka yayikhona Cretaceous kanye plesiosaurs futhi ichthyosaurs.

Mako uyingozi kubantu, njengoba ingenye kwezinhlobo ezinodlame kakhulu sikashaka. Yena akavumeli cishe kunoma iyiphi inyamazane futhi ukuhlasela, ngisho nalapho egcwele. Jaws isurus - izikhali ezibulalayo, izinhlanzi ngokwayo ithuthukisa ijubane okukhulu, kungani ubhekwa ayingozi kakhulu ulwandle izilwane ezidla ezinye.

incazelo

Zimbili izinhlobo ushaka mako - korotkoplavnikovaya futhi dlinnoplavnikovaya. Omabili ahlala avela ngokulinganayo yingozi kubantu. Fish basuke kucishe, kuhluke kuphela ubukhulu amaphiko. mako shark ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu ngendlela amane amamitha amathathu ubude nesisindo 400-500 kg. Izinsikazi kunangendlela kwabesilisa, kulokhu elikhulu abadobi French wabanjwa ngo-1973. It enesisindo esingaba ton futhi sifinyelele ubude ngamamitha amane nesigamu. I ngqo ubude bempilo ayaziwa, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ifinyelela eminyakeni 15-25.

ushaka umzimba has simise cylindrical. Isisu simhlophe, isikhumba phezulu dark umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ushaka mako omdala, umbala kuba mnyama. I nomlomo ocijile, kancane welulela phambili. ingxenye yayo ephansi futhi ezimhlophe. Izingane ungabahlukanisa uphinyiswa ngokucacile izindawo amnyama ekupheleni nomlomo, okuyinto ubalekela ngeminyaka. Amehlo akhe angamalangabi mako ezinkulu. Fin amaphiko kuyinto phambi ezinkulu, ngemuva kancane. Amaphiko pectoral angusayizi aphakathi, umsila wayo sifana ukuma inhlendla. Amazinyo agobile emuva ibukhali kakhulu. isakhiwo njalo is emihlathini olukhuni isiza ukugcina isilwane abasifunayo.

ukukhiqizwa kabusha mako

Ushaka kungokwalabo zinhlobo viviparous zezinhlanzi. lokuzala azalela iqala lapho umzimba wabo ekhula 2.7 amamitha kwabesilisa lesi sibalo - 1.9 Ukukhulelwa ihlala izinyanga 15, imibungu ekuphakelweni kwesibeletho ku amaqanda unfertilized .. Ukukhanya libonakala 18 gazinga, okuyinto ukufinyelela ubude mayelana 70 cm. I Cubs esezele khona siqu. Isikhawu phakathi ukubhanqa - iminyaka 1,5-2.

ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo

Ushaka kuyo amanzi ezilwandle ezishisayo athokomele. Izindawo ezisemqoka yokusabalalisa yayo:

• Indo-Pacific;
• Pacific (North-East);
• Atlantic.

Le ndawo yokusabalalisa lisabalele: ongaseningizimu imayelana New Zealand kanye Argentina, enyakatho - endaweni Nova Scotia. Mako lengatfolakali amanzi lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi degrees 16, bese ubone kungaba kuphela ezindaweni lapho izimpilo ukudla kwayo ozithandayo - swordfish. Lo shaka sintanta kumuntu ka 150 m ukujula futhi ihlala eduze kwamanzi.

Isivinini mako oshaka kulokhu kuhlasela

umumo torpedo umzimba kunomthelela swiftness lokhu izinhlanzi. ushaka kuhlasela ngokulinganisela IACS isizinda ifinyelela 60 km / h. Fish uyakwazi gxuma phezu kwamanzi amamitha angu eziyisithupha ukuphakama. Lezi zimfanelo wabonakalisa ngezimanga yokuthi omunye izilwane ezidla ezinye eyingozi kakhulu olwandle olujulile kuyinto ushaka nje mako. Sheshisa sibangelwa sibonga umzimba wakhe ukuma okuhle isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngokungafani nabanye oshaka, imisipha mako kwakwande eziningi capillary kwegazi njalo okugqugquzelwa. Ngakho-ke, kungaba ngokushesha zingancishiswa futhi lula ukunxenxa of ngesivinini.

Lesi sici kashaka ngokushesha depletes bamandla alo izinqolobane, ngakho izinhlanzi zifana elinganeliseki kakhulu futhi njalo abadinga okunama-kilojoule amaningi ukudla. Mako unesithakazelo konke wabona waqhubeka nendlela yakhe, kungaba eziphilayo noma into engaphili. Ngo-90% amacala aphume 100 ezama ukunambitha zonke abakubonayo. Nokho, lokhu kusebenza ngaphezulu ukudoba kunokuba abantu.

Ukuhlaselwa umuntu

Ngu uqobo, ushaka mako ubhekwa yingozi. Ezimweni eziningi, izinhlanzi cha perceive indoda njengoba ukudla, kodwa zikhona ezehlukile. Ushaka kuhlasela umuntu mako ngezinye izikhathi. Kodwa iningi basola lena endoda ngokwayo. Emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule kube eqoshiwe ngokusemthethweni 42 ukuhlaselwa, ebulalayo yaphela abayisishiyagalombili. Ezimweni eziningi, ushaka ehlaselwa abadobi, ababezama ukubamba wakhe. Ngezinye izikhathi, uhlasele isikebhe. Esikhathini isimo yokugcina, icala njengoba abantu ngokwabo, ngubani badoba ekhaleni sikashaka, senze ke ukuhlasela.

Ukudla ukuziphatha

Usuthisa IACS izinhlanzi ikakhulu ezinkulu: mackerel, tuna, njll Intandokazi yokudla swordfish yayo, ongafinyelela amamitha amathathu ubude futhi nesisindo 600 kg ... Okungukuthi, Ubukhulu yabo cishe ezifanayo. Swordfish engena ngxabano ushaka, kodwa cishe never uwina, njengoba mako lisebenza kakhulu futhi enamandla.

Predator uncamela ukuhlasela kusuka phansi futhi Ukulunywa abadlala endaweni fin caudal. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi uyisiphetho yomgogodla nezihlanganiso ezinkulu. Ngakho-mako shark isithombe, okuyinto ungabona kulesi sihloko, thwebula yimpango yabo futhi kwenze kube olungenakuzisiza. Mayelana 70% ezidla ukudla - tuna, kodwa akusho oluhlehlela evela amahlengethwa nezinye nozakwabo, okuyizinto amancane ngosayizi. A qiniso eliyimpicabadala: tuna uyakwazi ngesivinini kufika ku-70 km / h, kodwa qhebeza phezulu ushaka ngezithukuthuku nonyazi lwakhe luya isiqalo. Mako ngesivinini kuya ku-60 km / h ngemizuzwana emibili.

Izitha nabangane

Abangane ngalesi nomzingeli kancane. UMarku-zokuhlanza kungaba ukudoba, clove nama-pilot. Usizo lokuqala ukuqeda zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye ezidala ahlukahlukene ukuthi bazihlanganise amaphiko futhi sidla uketshezi isikhumba. Izitha, banayo cishe akukho mako. Ushaka uzama ukugwema nje nozakwabo emikhulu kanye nasezikoleni izinhlanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ihlengethwa uqobo bangase babe yimpango, umhlambi wabo okwaziyo uphebeze umhlaseli ezindaweni kwendawo yazo.

ukuhweba

I ngamabomu ekubambeni lokhu lwenhlanzi kwenziwe, ngezinye izikhathi efika ngaphesheya inethiwekhi, nokujaha inyamazane. Nokho, kungase kuqashelwe inyama mako esihlwabusayo. Ushaka, lokhu, njengazo zonke izinhlobo inhlanzi, ukudla okuhle. Kodwa ukubaluleka ekhethekile ezinye izitho zangaphakathi kanye amaphiko. Isibindi kuyinto uju lokhu umhlaseli.

Nakuba inhlanzi commercial mako hhayi, kodwa kuyathakazelisa ukuthi okuthiwa "iphisi-abasubathi." Predator kuze kube muva nje ulwela impilo yakhe kuka uletha eningi imizwa kubantu, uzama ukubamba kuye. Lokhu "umdlalo" obulalayo.

Kubikwe esimweni lapho ushaka mako wasondela eduze kakhulu ebhishi, futhi wadutshulwa isibhamu inhlendla. Fish ukhululeka umbani imicibisholo, futhi waphuthuma kuhlasela. Yena wagxuma kwesokudla esihlabathini futhi ezama naleli bhungu elabulala abantu mathupha wakhe. Yena waba nenhlanhla ukuthi akwenzekanga lutho.

Inhlekelele edabukisayo kakhulu, okwakuhilela mako shark isithombe, okuyinto ungabona kulesi sihloko, yenzeke ngezithuba lwase-Australia phakathi nekhulu XX. Abadobi abane badoba ngokuthula, ngesikhathi umkhumbi omkhulu. Kungazelelwe, behlaselwa iphakethe mako. Abantu baye bazama ukuhamba ogwini, kodwa omunye nomzingeli uhlangothi lwesikebhe rammed ngokusebenzisa futhi abadobi babe emanzini. eyodwa kuphela owakwazi ngokuphepha ukufika lwaba ngumhlabathi owomileyo, nabanye waklebhula wadla mako begazi.

Kulesi senzakalo, bekungenxa impikiswano kakhulu, futhi waveza izinguqulo eziningi echaza ukuziphatha oshaka. Iningi oyikholelwayo nabantu ngokwabo wayithukuthelisa ukuhlaselwa ngoba badoba phambi amakhala we izilwane ezidla ezinye yokudla, futhi lokhu kwabenza intukuthelo yabo nolaka lwabantu.