Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi kuyinto nzima inethiwekhi avaliwe ehlanganisa tindilinga letimbili (lwemithambo noma pooling eyeqile ezincane nezinkulu) kwegazi futhi "futha emaphakathi" - inhliziyo.

Yonke imikhumbi zihlukaniswe umthambo, izitsha ezincane kunazo igazi (capillary) nokuvaleka kwemithambo. Imibiko yamuva nanjengeHholo elingenawo umoya-ahlanganiswe, negazi "elihlanzekile" ukuze kwezitho nezicubu. Imithambo kukhona izitsha eziningi kakhulu eziye kunalokho athuthukile elingenamikhono kwemisipha. Arterial uhlelo egazini uhlanganisa imikhumbi emikhulu, uwohloka ezincane (arteriole), nakho akha lekhethelo capillary inethiwekhi. Zasezikusa imfucumfucu ukumuncwa nesizungu imikhiqizo ewusizo nomoya-mpilo. Ngokusebenzisa capillary arteriole kwakwakhe enziwe emithanjeni emisipheni.

Emithambo yegazi isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi unesibopho outflow ukukhiqizwa ayegcwele ne-carbon dioxide igazi. Ukuze lezi zitsha igazi ubuyela inhliziyo. emithanjeni okulingene nabancane kufanele valve abavimbele (ukunyakaza reverse) kwegazi.

Inhliziyo presents eziyize isitho kwemisipha ne emakamelweni ezine. Kuhlanganisa Atria ezimbili (kokuthola chamber) kanye ventricles ezimbili, ukusebenza njengombuso futha. Inhliziyo sokuhlukanisa kungxenye mpo. I-ventricle engakwesobunxele washiya ATRIUM delimited butterfly valve, i-ventricle yangakwesokudla futhi ATRIUM kwesokudla - umphini tricuspid. Ngu-valve amapheshana anamekwe ohlangothini ventricular we imisipha ntambo. Umsebenzi we-valve - ukuvimbela ukunyakaza reverse igazi.

Uzungeze enhliziyweni elihlangana okunamandla isikhwama - the pericardium.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi yakhiwa ezimbili isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi. Nokho, ngokuvamile, ochwepheshe bathi, kanti eyesithathu - umbuthano inhliziyo. It isehlane ngenxa ukubaluleka kwawo, ngoba obangela kuhlasela. Qala amanga mbuthano yenhliziyo ezimbili (i-coronary) lemithambo imfucuza kusukela phansi le-aorta unyuka. Ingena myocardium inhliziyo, akha inethiwekhi kwemithambo emincane. Myocardium libhekene inethiwekhi kahle ukuthuthuka capillary, ukuhlinzeka izinqubo nezilandiso e nezicubu kwemisipha. Of esivimba amanzi igazi emithambo yegazi agelezela ingxenye kwesokudla enhliziyweni ngemithambo yenhliziyo eziningi. Nge wokwehla senhliziyo esilimele blood pressure wadala. Ngenxa kuba ukuhamba kwegazi ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni.

Isiyingi esikhulu iqala i-ventricle engakwesobunxele. Ukusikwa ukunyakaza senhliziyo esilimele ikhuthaza lwemithambo yegazi ubheke le-aorta, bese zonke kwezitho nezicubu. Ngakho kukhona ukubuya imikhiqizo yokudla okunempilo kanye nomoya-mpilo saturation ingqamuzana umsebenzi kanye nemikhiqizo nge-carbon dioxide. Iqoqo wegazi kwenzeka ngemithambo ngokusebenzisa ama-capillary. Ngemva elingenhla bese wehlise lingena vein phakathi ATRIUM kwesokudla, ukuvala isiyingi esikhulu.

Small Circle eladabuka i-ventricle yangakwesokudla. Igazi kusukela emithanjeni wangena ATRIUM kwesokudla, agelezela i-ventricle yangakwesokudla, kusukela lapho ukukhanya engena Umthambo. Kudlulwa capillary yamaphaphu, ke sesikhululiwe-carbon dioxide futhi athole nomoya-mpilo iba lwemithambo futhi agelezela ATRIUM ngakwesokunxele.

Phylogeny sokuhamba kwegazi efanayo kuzo zonke ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla. Isakhiwo lesi simiso zihlanganisa le-aorta, umbhede microcirculatory (kuhlanganise inethiwekhi capillary), imithambo, emithanjeni yenhliziyo. Ngo inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yabonakala ukwehlukana inethiwekhi ye-lymph. Izinguquko ezinkulu kule nokwakheka isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi zihlanganisa ushintsho kusukela gill uhlobo ukuphefumula inqubo indlela yamaphaphu.

Sokujikeleza isifo uhlelo (isifo semithambo) uvamise ukwelashwa ngokuvumelana uhlobo izitsha ethintekile. Ngokwesibonelo, esisuka e izindonga semithambo kuvuse useshonile. I-aorta ngokuvamile ukuthuthukisa ikambiso atherosclerotic noma ezithathelwanayo. ukudabuka kwalo singenzeka ngenxa sibangela ubuthakathaka ngakho izindonga noma ukulimala. Imithambo yamaphaphu singenzeka izinguquko arteriosclerotic zenzeka noma kwezinso azalwa nako. Ukuthini lwemithambo ivame isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi. Ngemithambo ngokuvamile aba varicose noma elikhanyayo (phlebitis).