Izilwane kanye nezitshalo asemaqeleni. asemaqeleni Omnivores nezici zabo. Njengoba izitshalo ingashintshwa ehlane

Asemaqeleni - inhlanganisela sezulu emangalisayo futhi umbukwane landscape. It captivates nge yobuhle balo nokuhlala expanses enkulukazi iziteleka. Kungaba jamela eside ku ibanga ubone kuphela isiqeshana ezicashile amagquma emkhathizwe. izilwane abahlukile futhi izitshalo asemaqeleni, zingabantu umxhwele, hhayi kuphela ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa futhi ikhono lazo ukujwayela ukuphila ezimweni eyinqaba ezinjalo. Asemaqeleni - ezweni ekhethekile, yokufunda ngezinto eziphila lapho umsebenzi ozinikele yososayensi abaningi.

Insimu asemaqeleni

Imibandela kumiswa asemaqeleni endaweni ethile kuyizici impumuzo namanye ezinquma ukuthi isimo sezulu eziholela enganele umswakama. Le modi zigcinwe unyaka wonke, noma avele kuphela ezithile zonyaka. Ngenxa yalokho lesi sici ku izimila asemaqeleni livela noma kwentwasahlobo lapho amanzi phansi bahlale ukujula inhlabathi, noma zemvula, okuyinto, nakuba musa ihluke esiningi kwezulu, kepha ukwazi ukunikeza izitshalo nge umswakama. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-flora kungenziwa bazivumelanisa khona unomphela ezimweni ukusweleka okukhulu kwamanzi. Ngakho, ezonini asemaqeleni - indawo uhlobo oluthile izimila, ikakhulukazi utshani wokudla. Ihlathi izindawo uma etholakala emathafeni, lapho ngenxa iqhwa accumulations uma kukhuphuke umswakama. Ngaphandle ezisezansi, ezifana imifula, izimo ukuvela yehlathi kuyobe kungasekho, njengoba inhlabathi kule ndawo eyomile khulu. Esikhathini sezulu nakwezifudumele ehlane zingavela nezihlahla.

ezindaweni asemaqeleni kungatholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle Antarctica nje. Basuke etholakala endaweni phakathi kwamahlathi ezindaweni eziwugwadule. Asemaqeleni landscape zimiswe ngaphakathi esishintshashintshayo nakwezifudumele futhi athokomele kokubili ama-. Inhlabathi ehlane - kuba ogxile mhlabathi omnyama. Esikhathini eningizimu ungathola onsundu nenhlabathi nosawoti emaxhaphozini.

Kuwo lo nyaka, zone asemaqeleni, izitshalo nezilwane okuyizinto njalo abadinga umswakama, uthola 400 mm imvula. Nokho, zikhathi zesomiso lina kakhulu kuyaqabukela, kunyaka ivolumu yabo ongafinyelela 200 mm. Kuye isikhundla ezindawo ka inani emaqeleni umswakama kuyahlukahluka kakhulu isizini ngayinye. Ezindaweni entshonalanga imvula basakaza sasivumela ngokulinganayo ngenyanga. Esempumalanga kunqunywa inani eliphansi imvula ebusika futhi abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ehlobo.

nekhono elikhulu ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinzima zokuphila ehlane endowed ngokwemvelo izilwane nezitshalo emaqeleni Kazakhstan. Kule ndawo eyomile, isilinganiso imvula yonyaka 279 mm. Kulo nyaka ezimanzi kungaletha kubo kuze kube 576 mm, futhi ithola mm 135 kuphela phakathi nesikhathi sesomiso. Ngokuvamile ngemva kwenkathi yezimvula ocebile, kuba kakhulu ngonyaka owomile.

Isimo sezulu ehlane

Esikhathini asemaqeleni kukhona ekushintshashintsheni elibukhali lokushisa, kuye kokubili isizini nesikhathi sosuku. izitshalo asemaqeleni nezilwane kwezincwadi kuncike ezintweni lezi zinguquko. Summer ehlane lishisa kakhulu, shining ilanga. Amazinga isilinganiso ngoJulayi engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Europe-21 no-26 degrees. Empumalanga inani layo ifinyelela degrees 26. In autumn izinga lokushisa iqala ukulahla ngokucijile ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Ezindaweni empumalanga zeqhwa asemaqeleni kubonakala ekupheleni Okthoba. Black Sea zone, ethambile sezulu yayo, embozwe yiqhwa ekupheleni kuka-November. Ngakho-ke, zonke eziphilayo kulezi zindawo bayakwazi ezikhona ezingalindelekile sezulu izimo, ezifana izitshalo herbaceous asemaqeleni ukumelana hhayi kuphela nesomiso, kodwa futhi ukuba yesithwathwa eqinile.

Ngokuvamile, imingcele Spring no Autumn ezimweni asemaqeleni kunzima kakhulu ukunquma. Lokhu kungenxa umehluko omkhulu phakathi izinga lokushisa komoya emini nasebusuku. Ekupheleni kuka-September, lo mehluko kukhona evelele kakhulu oscillation amplitude ongafinyelela degrees 25. ngokugcwele ukuthi ebusika uye esebohlile, kungenzeka ngokubheka izitshalo asemaqeleni. Entwasahlobo, sibonga ilanga elikhanyayo futhi umhlaba, ofakwe emva iqhwa liyancibilika, ezweni kwalokho zindlala ingubo egqamile. Elikhulu lokushisa umehluko ebonwe zonyaka ezahlukene. Amazinga okushisa adlulele ehlane ehlobo lika +5 degrees, nasebusika angehla -50. Ngakho, ogwadule kuqhathaniswa nezinye sezulu esihlukahlukene, ezifana ehlane, esiphezulu waphawula lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni.

Isici asemaqeleni futhi ushintsho okungazelelwe izimo sezulu kwelinye kanye nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka. A ncibilika okungazelelwe angaqala ngo-Ephreli noma Novemba futhi phakathi ehlobo kushisa iza ngokuzumayo ngokuphazima kweso ezinzima abandayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izitshalo asemaqeleni nezilwane udinga ukuvula ukukhuthazela esiphezulu kanye izimfanelo ezikhethekile ukuthi ubavumele ukuzivumelanisa sezulu variability.

Imifula e asemaqeleni

emifuleni emikhulu ogeleza umnyuziki emaqeleni - a rarity. A rivulet encane nzima ukubhekana sezulu esishintshashintshayo ezinjalo, basheshe wome. Okuwukuphela kwendlela bavuselwe - iminyaka imvula ocebile esindayo. Izimvula zasehlobo kungathinta umthamo wamanzi phezu kwemifula ayasha, uma nje kuphela singawusebenzisa lapha asikhulumi ngama-kuvulelwa. Kodwa eside yasekwindla Ngokuqhubeka amasonto, kungandisa conductivity yemifula encane. Konke lokhu kube inkimbinkimbi ukuphila kwezilwane ehlane, okuyinto ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuzivumelanisa nokuntuleka kwamanzi. Ukuze izitshalo asemaqeleni zinezikhathi izimpande ezinde branched okuyinto zingene inhlabathi kumuntu ukujula, lapho ngisho isomiso esibi angase ahlale emanzi.

Okuwukuphela kwesikhathi lapho ngisho cishe owomisa imifula siguqulelwa ukusakaza enamandla begijima, lokhu entwasahlobo izikhukhula. jet wamanzi begijima phezu asemaqeleni, zicekela phansi emhlabathini. Lokho kwenza lokhu kuntuleka amahlathi, ukuncibilika okusheshayo ukuhlaliswa elangeni elishisayo we ukulima asemaqeleni iqhwa.

Amanzi asemaqeleni inethiwekhi luyehluka kuye indawo yayo ezindawo. asemaqeleni zone eYurophu lwangena by inethiwekhi emifuleni amancane naphakathi. Ensimini ka Western eSiberia futhi emaqeleni Kazakhstan has a uchungechunge amachibi ezincane. Kusayithi we eSiberia-Kazakhstan asemaqeleni ingenye lamaqoqo emithala esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. akhawunti Bona ngoba cishe izinkulungwane 25. Phakathi kwalezi amachibi kukhona amachibi ne cishe kunoma iyiphi degree of ezilamatshe aligugu: fresh, amanzi amile okunosawoti, ebabayo futhi anosawoti.

Ukwehluka namathafa asemaqeleni

Kuwo wonke amagumbi zone zomhlaba asemaqeleni has izici zayo siqu. izilwane ezahlukene kanye nezitshalo asemaqeleni emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ngo-Eurasia, insimu ne isici landscape ngokuthi emaqeleni. Ezindaweni asemaqeleni izimila eNyakatho neMelika kukhona isimo enkangala. ENingizimu Melika, bebizwa pampas, e-New Zealand ebizwa tussokami asemaqeleni. Ngayinye yalezi yikhona ehlukile sezulu ekunqumeni ngezitshalo nangezilwane eziphila kuzo ethize abakhona endaweni.

Pampa ivamile e-Argentina. Kuyinto nakwezifudumele asemaqeleni ingxenye elinesimo sezulu yezwekazi. Summer kulezi zindawo ashisayo, izinga lokushisa isilinganiso zokhahlamba kusuka degrees 20 kuya 24. Kancane kancane iba omnene ebusika vs. okushisa omuhle lamadigri 6 kuya ku-10. Ingxenye esempumalanga Pampa e-Argentina amumethe umswakama, ngonyaka lapha liphuma 800 kuya 950 mm imvula. Western ingxenye Argentina Pampas ithola imvula engaphezu ezikhathini 2 ezincane. Pampa e-Argentina - indawo evundile chernozem nenhlabathi, ngokubomvu noma mpunga ansundu. Ngenxa yalokhu-ke isisekelo ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo futhi isilwane ukunakekela kuleli zwe.

Prairies eNyakatho Melika zifana sezulu ukuze emaqeleni ezintaba zase-Eurasia. Imvula yonyaka endaweni ephakathi nehlathi lezihlahla kanye ngqo Prairie cishe 800 mm. Ngasenyakatho, kuyehla 500 mm, futhi eningizimu kuze kufinyelele 1000. Eminyakeni omile, imvula kuyehla ingxenye yesine. Winter lokushisa enkangala ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye-latitude kwalowo lapho endaweni enkangala. Ezingxenyeni eseningizimu lokushisa ebusika ngokuvamile hhayi ngaphansana 0 degrees, futhi zindawo wasenyakatho bangase bafinyelele ubuncane bayo - degrees 50.

Ngo emaqeleni New Zealand, ngokuthi tussokami, kwezulu phakathi nonyaka uwela kancane kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi afinyelela ku-330 mm. Lawa masayithi - omunye driest, ngokuvumelana sezulu layo, ziyafana semi ehlane.

Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle nezinyoni asemaqeleni

Esikhathini asemaqeleni, naphezu kwezimo ezinzima futhi akuqinisekile, ezihlukahlukene izilwane bukhoma. asemaqeleni zone of Eurasia iyikhaya cishe 90 zezilwane ezincelisayo. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabo kule nombolo itholakala kuphela ogwadule, izilwane ezisele baye bathuthela lezi zindawo kusukela ezindaweni ezakhelene ka lezihlahla kanye ehlane amazwe. Zonke izilwane zenziwe ngokumangalisayo ngiyijwayele impilo ezindaweni eliyingqayizivele futhi yinqaba landscape. Asemaqeleni libhekene inqwaba namagundane abahlala kuwo. Lezi zihlanganisa phansi izingwejeje, hamsters, izimvukuzane, amagundane, gerbils, nabanye abaningi. Abaningi ehlane encane izilwane ezidla ezinye: izimpungushe, ferrets, ochakide, Martens. babhekana ngokuphumelelayo izimo asemaqeleni sezulu omnivores asemaqeleni - urchin.

Ngaphezu izilwane, wathola kuphela ogwadule, kukhona ezinye amasampula izinyoni, futhi eliyingqayizivele kule ndawo. Nokho, akuzona okungaka, futhi ukulima kuholela zinyamalala kancane kancane. Esikhathini izimpilo asemaqeleni bustard, ezweni lethu, kungabonwa ku Trans-iBaikal kanye Saratov esifundeni, futhi bustard kancane, okuyinto etholakala Urals eningizimu, Middle kanye Lower iVolga. Ngaphambi ukulima ezweni ezonini asemaqeleni beyohlanganyela crane demoiselle futhi grey intendele. Okwamanje lezi zinyoni ukubamba namehlo omuntu kakhulu kuyaqabukela.

kunezindlela eziningi ezidla phakathi izinyoni kule asemaqeleni. Lezi izinyoni ezinkulu: asemaqeleni ukhozi, Buzzard, golden eagle Buzzard. Kanye abameleli izinyoni ezincane: oklebe, ukhozi, kestrel.

Kwamjabulisa ekuhlabeleleni kwabo kule asemaqeleni larks, lapwings, itshe Curlew. Izinhlobo eziningi nezinyoni ezihlala uzamcolo esishintshashintshayo ku nomngcele ihlathi lezihlahla noma amachibi eduze nemifula, baye bathuthela ezindaweni asemaqeleni yehlathi.

I izakhamuzi zaphakade emaqeleni - ezihuquzelayo

Asemaqeleni landscape akunakwenzeka ukuba sicabange ngaphandle iqhaza empilweni yalo reptilian. yohlobo lwazo, ababaningi kakhulu, kodwa lezi zilwane ziyingxenye ebalulekile asemaqeleni.

Omunye abameleli bhá we ezihuquzelayo asemaqeleni - umgijimi zheltobryuhy. Kuyinto cishe ngemitha ezimbili, kunalokho obukhulu futhi inyoka enkulu. It libhekene ulaka Amazing. Ngokungafani izinyoka kakhulu emhlanganweni indoda engawuboni uzame ukukhasa masinyane waligingqa futhi hissed loudly uziphonsa phezu isitha. umonakalo umgijimi kubangele umuntu can kungenjalo, ukulunywa akuzona eziyingozi. Le mpi kuzophela kuyadabukisa cishe, ngokuba umgijimi kakhulu. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ngenxa yobudlova yayo kancane kancane waqala zinyamalale kusukela ezindaweni asemaqeleni.

umgijimi Zheltobryuhogo kungabonwa emithambekeni enamadwala, sekuqala ukufudumala kahle ilanga. Ezindaweni ezinjalo silwane ezizwa kakhulu futhi lukhetha yokuzingela lapha.

Enye inyoka, asemaqeleni ejwayelekile - enesihlungu. yokukhosela wakhe bashiya Burrows namagundane ezincane. Snake kwabathakathi, ikakhulukazi ebusuku futhi ebusuku ngesikhathi esishisayo emini amahora nebululu basking elangeni, welula emithambekeni omahhadla. Lesi silwane is hhayi befuna bacabangisise muntu, futhi ngezinye imbona izama ukuzibalekela. Uma engaqondile step on enesihlungu, waphuthuma ehlele isihambi angenandaba, kokushiya kokulunywa enobuthi emzimbeni wakhe.

Asemaqeleni iyikhaya izibankwa eziningi, ezihlukahlukene imibala. Lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo emincanyana ngesivunguvungu rush esidlule, anombala ocwazimulayo elangeni imibala amazing.

indawo yokuhlala ephephile - indlela yokusinda ehlane

Izakhiwo asemaqeleni izilwane iqondiswe ukuze ziphile ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu. Bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa evulekile sezwe flat, izinga lokushisa, ukungabi khona ezihlukahlukene enkulu ifolishi, ukuntuleka kwamanzi.

Isidingo yokukhosela ephephile - yilokhu united zonke izilwane. asemaqeleni zone abonakala kahle, nezilwane ezincane ngeke zikwazi ukubalekela ezilwaneni eziyingozi ngaphandle endlwaneni ezinhle. Njengoba iningi isilwane zokukhosela asemaqeleni zisebenzisa Burrows lapho futhi bachitha isikhathi esiningi. Nora akusho kuphela ukuvikela nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ingozi, kodwa futhi basize ukubaleka sezulu, kukhona indawo izilwane ngesikhathi basebusika. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi ezincelisayo sikhule nenzalo yabo, ukuvikela kusuka kunoma iyiphi izingozi zangaphandle. Ukumba izimbobo ikufanele kahle namagundane kakhulu: amagundane, hamsters, izimvukuzane. Basuke ngisho Okomileyo esiqinile, izimbobo bafa kalula.

Ngaphezu namagundane, ngiphephile endaweni sezwe flat nezilwane ezinkulu abadinga usizo. Izimpungushe futhi izimbila futhi umbe Burrows, nalabo abamele nezilwane ezingeke umgodi bebodwa, ukuzama ukuthatha phezu yomunye. Abode izimpungushe ngokuvamile iba, isibonelo, izimpisi abadlala, futhi Burrows enkulu phansi izingwejeje hlala izilwane ezidla ezinye ezincane - izimbodla futhi ferrets nezinyoka. I izimbobo afihle ezingozini ngisho ezinye izinyoni ezifana noziningweni isikhova. Zezulu zinezidleke ukwakha ngqo emhlabathini, ngoba Nooks kanye crannies edwaleni noma ukhetha ukufana nesihlahla eziyize ogwadule nje asitholanga.

Hlala imbobo yayo ngeke isebenze, ngoba isidingo zifuna ukudla. Ngamunye asemaqeleni yezilwane ukujwayeza yayo ukuze kubhekanwe nosongo okuqhubekayo ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye izilwane.

Abanye abameleli nezilwane bayakwazi ukugijima fast. Lezi zihlanganisa izinyamazane, hare jerboa. Ukuvikelwa Indlela futhi ngesineke. Asemaqeleni izilwane sandy grey noboya noma izimpaphe, ebavumela ukuba ivelele phakathi nendawo esikuyo.

Ngoba abakhileyo zone asemaqeleni libhekene isazela umhlambi. ezincelisayo ayabulala ziklaba ngeso elibukhali komholi walo, okuyinto uma ingozi ngokushesha anikeze isignali, umhlambi ingena off esihlalweni. I isb ngokucophelela ngokungavamile, gophers. Manje bese waqalaza, kokuhlola okwenzekayo emhlabeni. Ukuzwa lutho olusolisayo, Gopher ngokushesha azise izihlobo futhi ngokushesha ngicashe ezidlekeni zawo. Isivinini ukusabela okusheshayo ivumela izilwane eziningi ukuba invulnerable ngisho endaweni evulekile.

Ukuxabana sezulu

Ithethwe izilwane kanye okushisa emini. Lezi kunyakaza kunqunywa ezincelisayo umsebenzi ngezikhathi ezehlukene. I evumayo kakhulu izinyoni sentathakusa, ezincelisayo ziyaphuma ezidlekeni zawo ekuseni nakusihlwa. Iningi izilwane ivame ukufihla kusukela imisebe okuchochobalisayo ilanga kule Burrows emini. Ukukhethwa kuyinto ngaphandle uma ezihuquzelayo ukuthi uthanda abalale ematsheni ashisayo.

Nge indlela yokuphila ebusika luphola ehlane. Iningi izilwane kuba ithule phakathi nayo yonke inkathi ebandayo, ngesikhathi ezidlekeni zawo. elinde Ngakho entwasahlobo gophers, onogwaja, jerboas, ezihuquzelayo nezinambuzane. Izinyoni kanti amalulwane ushiye lokulala ubusika bonke e climes ukufudumala. Labo namagundane abayoba ngidlulise nobusika, ukubukela, Stocking ifolishi. Amagundane uphathe ukuletha ngemgodini wayo ukuze khilogremu eziningana zokusanhlamvu. amagundane imvukuzane ukondliwa ebusika zanqwabelana phezu ehlobo plant izimpande futhi acorns. Asemaqeleni igundane, isibonelo, ngokuvamile akavele ebusweni ebusika. Ngaphambi ukuqala kubanda, yena efihla e ekujuleni amakhilogremu inhlabathi lamabele zidla bonke ubusika, uthole indawo "endlini yempahla" esidlekeni.

Usesho okuphakade amanzi

Izilwane kanye nezitshalo asemaqeleni ophoqelelwe ukuzivumelanisa ukushoda njalo lamanzi. Umuntu ngamunye abhekana ngayo nalesi inkinga ngezindlela ezahlukene. ezincelisayo ayabulala nezinyoni ziyakwazi ukuthola umthombo ukuphuza bahambe amabanga amade. Gerbil, jerboa, gophers nezinye namagundane udle utshani namanzi, nokwanelisa isidingo samanzi. Abahlaseli, abahlala ogwadule, futhi ukwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi, ngoba wanika ubuningi wayefisa sidliwe yizilwane. Isici ezimangalisayo babe immunodeficient futhi indlu amagundane. Bona udle kuphela omisa imbewu izitshalo, futhi amanzi akhiqizwa yokucwenga esiyingqayizivele emzimbeni wakhe isitashi kudliwa.

Ithethwe izilwane futhi ngenxa yokungadli. Phakathi izakhamuzi emaqeleni kukhona abantu abaningi abangakwazi udle kokubili izilwane nezitshalo ukudla. Omnivores asemaqeleni - kuba izimpungushe, onogwaja, izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinyoni ezidla amajikijolo ne izinambuzane.

izitshalo asemaqeleni

Izici izitshalo asemaqeleni - yikhono khona izimo yokuntula umswakama, ngoba izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezimila kuyinto eyinhlekelele. Izinhlobo eziningana abahlukene kwezimila ehlane, ethi:

1. forbs.

2. fescue-feather utshani.

3. uMhlonyane-cereal.

utshani izindawo ezixutshiwe kungabonwa ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Nge imisebe yokuqala ilanga emva ikhava iqhwa izitshalo zakuqala-izimbali avele asemaqeleni - utshani futhi sedge, iqala eziqhakaza pasqueflower. Lingakapheli isonto lonke asemaqeleni ekhanya igolide amaphuzu Adonis. Kuzothatha isikhathi esithile, futhi izwe emkhathizwe liphenduka aluhlaza ukhaphethi oluhlaza utshani aluhlaza. Forb izitshalo asemaqeleni entwasahlobo kuyinto enhle ngempela! Phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo endaweni lizoqala ukushintsha umbala walo. Ingahle embozwe izimbali nezabudok, ragwort, daisy. Maphakathi no-July, lapho izimbali salvia, asemaqeleni nje abazi - kuba onsomi amnyama. Izimbali semikhawulweni ngasekupheleni July, bese umswakama isitshalo kuba okunganele, bese boma.

izitshalo asemaqeleni ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni isimo sezulu eyomile kakhulu, kuba uphaphe. Ziphakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi nesomiso ukumelana. Ngenxa izimpande ezinde branched, lingena shí enhlabathini, uphaphe bakwazi ukuqonda yonke we umswakama etholakala phansi. Amahlamvu zalesi sitshalo made, usongwa ibe tube. Ngenxa ukuma okunjalo kulencane izuzwe ukuhwamuka umswakama ebusweni ishidi. Izimbali feather ephelezelwa ukubukeka izimbali ezincane. Isithelo isitshalo ifakwe uhlobo neseleko ubuka ngawo imbewu feather utshani ukusakaza olude futhi ukungena emhlabathini. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-ukusonta futhi inqubo untwisting, okuyinto screwed ibe okuqinile ezomile. Uphaphe - isibonelo esihle kunazo zonke indlela izitshalo baye bazivumelanisa asemaqeleni. Umoya uthwala imbewu zalesi sihlahla ukuze amakhilomitha amaningi, sibonga ikhono imbewu ukuze ukungena inhlabathi kwezinye izindawo kwakhiwa izindawo ezinkulu, nokuntula feather.

Uma izitshalo ezimila njalo ngonyaka futhi ekupheleni ehlobo wome, awudalelwanga, inhlabathi kancane kancane bakha ungqimba humus. Kubalulekile kakhulu utshani nezimbali, futhi ukuze likwazi ukulwa ukuze ikwazi ukuziphilisa ngesikhathi izimo yokuntula umswakama.

Izilwane kanye nezitshalo Russian emaqeleni zihlukene futhi akumangalisi lokhu. Ukubheka libalele ilanga ehlobo kule ubuhle kanye, isikhathi eside kwesokunxele kumemori sezimangaliso adalwe nemvelo.