Izindiza ze-Yak-130: izincazelo, incazelo, uhlelo nokubuka konke

Emlandweni wezindiza ezingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, "amaphakheji ahamba ngezinyawo" kwakuyizimoto ezisezinhlobo ezingasebenzi. Kwacatshangwa ukuthi umshayeli wesikhathi esizayo kumele afunde amakhono okuphatha kuqala kokuthile okulula, ngaphambi kokugibela i-cockpit yezindiza zanamuhla. Lesi siko sahlukunyezwa ngabaqambi OKB im. U-Yakovlev no-NPK Irkut, abakha izindiza ze-Yak-130, izici zobuchwepheshe eziseduze kakhulu nemingcele yezinkampani zesine, futhi kwezinye izimo ngisho nesizukulwane sesihlanu.

«Amadokhumenti angamaphiko»

Sekuyiminyaka engamashumi amane izindiza ezihamba ngezinyawo zisebenzise iCzechoslovakian L-29 ne-L-39 ukuze kuqeqeshelwe imishini. Ngaphambilini, abaqhubi bezindiza abazoqeqeshwa ku-Yak-52, ngisho nangaphambili - ku-Yak-18. Ngaphambi kwempi, "idumela elidumile u-U-2" laliyi-U-2 edumile (kwakunguPo-2). Ngemuva kokuwa kwe-USSR nayo yonke ikamu yezenhlalo, izimoto ezakha izikebhe zobuchwepheshe zezikole eziphakeme zezindiza zakhula, hhayi kuphela ngokokuziphatha, kodwa ngokulula, ngokomzimba. Ukunikezwa kwezindiza ngokwayo, kodwa futhi futhi izingxenye zokuyeka, zayeka, futhi imithombo yamandla yayiphelile. Lesi simo sagxiliwe yi-backlog yesikhungo sokuqeqeshwa kwezobuchwepheshe esivela esimweni sangempela emaqenjini e-Air Force, aqale ukuthola ama-interceptors amasha kanye nezinkambiso zemizila yangaphambili iMG-29 no-Su-27. Ngo-L-39, ukulungiselela abagibeli bezimoto zanamuhla kwaba inkinga, uma kungenakwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona isikole sokuqeqesha izindiza eRussia, esinesidumo esiphezulu sezwe lonke, futhi bekungeke kube khona ukulahlekelwa le makethe.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-90, umyalo we-USSR Air Force waqala ukusebenza komklamo emkhakheni wokwakha indiza entsha yokuqeqesha. Ekugcineni, i-Yak-130 yaziwa ngokuthi iyona engcono kakhulu: izici zezobuciko zazihambisana kakhulu nezifiso zempi. Kwakukhona, kodwa, hhayi ngokushesha, kwakukhona umncintiswano ozayo.

Ukukhetha okuncintisana

Imibono yabo ekwakhiweni kwekusasa le- UTK (ukuqeqeshwa nokuqeqeshwa okunzima) okwethulwa ekuqaleni kuka-1991 ezine KB:

- Sukhoi Design Bureau.

- ANPK "MiG".

- OKB kubo. A. S. Yakovlev.

- EMZ kubo. VM Myasishchev.

I-TTZ yahlanganiswa cishe ngendlela engafanele, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu le mqondo yayihluke kakhulu. "I-Sukhoi Design Bureau" ihlongozwa imodeli C-54, okuyiyona version ye-interceptor Su-27, eguqulelwe izinjongo zokuqeqesha. Lo mshini wawufanelekile kakhulu ukuqeqeshwa kakade abaqeqeshiwe abashayeli, kunabakuqala. Ama-Mikoyanovites, ukuqonda ubunzima bezomnotho ezweni, waqhubeka nendlela yokunciphisa izindleko, futhi ngenxa yalokho bathola izindiza ezingabizi kakhulu ezingahlangabezane ngokugcwele nezifiso ze-Air Force. Esikhathini se-Myasishchev Design Bureau, basondela kule ndaba ngobuciko, basikisela inguqulo eqondile ehlanganisa "idesksi eliphikisanayo" kanye nokuqeqeshwa okusekelwe emhlabathini, kodwa bathathwa kancane, futhi iphrojekthi yabo yaba yindleko kakhulu, ngaphandle kokufaka izinto ezimbili, njengoba kwashiwo ku-TOR. Iphumelele kakhulu yi-Yakovlevs, okwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo kakhulu kakhulu. Imikhakha emise imicibisholo, yezindiza-ezobuchwepheshe ze-Yak-130, okuyinto esiseduzane nalokho okwamanje, futhi inhlanganisela yezinketho ezengeziwe ngendlela yama simulators esebenzayo neyenkambiso esekelwe emakilasini we-PC kanye nokubonisana inikeze izinzuzo ezithile. Ngokwesinqumo seKomiti Yezesayensi Nezobuchwepheshe ze-Air Force, izivumelwano zaphetha ngezikhungo ezimbili zokuklama - uMiyanyan noYakovlev, abanikezwa ukuba basebenze ndawonye.

Abalingani bangaphandle

Izinkinga ngezimali zikahulumeni zeminyaka yokuqala yeRussia ezizimele ziyaziwa kahle. I-KBs ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isisombululo semisebenzi ebekiwe senziwe ngaphambi kwesidingo sokufuna abatshalizimali. Ngokuyinhloko, amafemu aseFrance eTurbomeka (izinjini) noThomson (avionics), abhekana nobunzima mayelana nokuvalwa kohlelo lwe-Alpha Jet, abonise isithakazelo kulo msebenzi. AmaNtaliyane (umenzi wezindiza u-Ermakki) aveza inhloso yabo yokubambisana, futhi ecindezelwa yiBrithani emakethe. Ngaleso sikhathi esinye isici esibalulekile sokukhangisa saqaphela ukuthi izindiza "zokuhlanza" zazingenakudingeka kakhulu emakethe, kodwa uma zingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokulwa, enye indaba. Kwakukhona ukuthi i-Yak-130 ihambelana kahle nalokhu, izici zayo zobuciko kanye nobuchwepheshe, okubandakanya irediyo yokusebenza, isisindo somthwalo ophakanyisiwe, isivinini kanye nokuhamba kahle, okuhambisana nezidingo zangaphandle.

Aerodynamics kanye nesakhiwo jikelele

Ezinye izinguquko ezidingekayo zikhonjiswe ekubukeni kwangaphandle kwe-flyer: ikhala layo laba lihle kakhulu (manje linesiteshi se-radar noma esiteshini se-optical-location). Kwakudingeka ukuqeqesha hhayi kuphela isiRussia, kodwa futhi nabaqhubi bezindiza, futhi lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kwe-Yak-130. Izici zobuchwepheshe zezimoto ezintsha, ezifana ne-Russian Su-27 ne-MiG-29, kanye nama-American F-16s, zahlaziywa ngokucophelela. Kwavela ukuthi indiza yayidinga ukwandisa i-angle enkulu yokuhlaselwa ku-40 ° ngisho nangaphezulu. Ngokuvamile, sasidinga ukuhamba kahle okukhulu. I-aerodynamics jikelele yaba yinto efana ne-scheme eyamukelwe isizukulwane sesihlanu se-interceptors, kuhlanganise nesimo esithile esikhethekile sephiko kanye nomshini walo ophezulu, konke-ukuguqula ukusimama kanye nomsila oqondile.

Simulator noMbonisi

Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu ekudalweni kwendiza entsha yokuqeqesha kwakuwukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva bedijithali. Isisekelo sawo wonke ama-board board kanye nemishini, okuhlanganisa uhlelo oluphelele lokulawula ibanga lamandla kagesi kanye nekhono lokurekhoda kabusha ukucacisa uhlobo lwendiza umshayeli ozoyihamba ngayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esikhathini sokuqala sokuqeqesha indiza "inokwethenjelwa" ku-cadet ye-novice, uyamthethelela amaphutha, bese eba eqinile. E-Russian Air Force, izindiza eziya ku-Su ne-MiG zivame ukuhlungwa, kodwa ngokuyinhloko, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ekudaleni ngokuphelele i-Europe Mirage 2000, iRafal, iSiphepho noma i-American F-18, iF- 16 no-F-15 ngisho no-F-35, okwethulwa ohlelweni lwe-simulator izici zabo zobuciko nobuchwepheshe. I-Yak-130D (incwadi eyengeziwe isho ukuthi "umbonisi") yenze indiza yayo yokuqala ngo-Ephreli 1996.

Ukumiswa kwangaphandle

Uma kunesidingo, indiza ingasetshenziswa njengeyunithi yokushaqeka.

Amathani ama-rocket noma amabhomu angamathani amathathu angathwala i-Yak-130. Izici zobuchwepheshe, okubandakanya izinga lokukhuphuka nokuhamba, imoto elayishiwe ngokugcwele kuyoba yilahlekile, kodwa lokhu kuvunyelwe esimweni sokuhlaselwa kwemimoya ezindaweni zokulawula umoya.

Ukulandela umqondo jikelele wokusebenza jikelele, abakhiqizi bahlomele indiza ngezinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili zokumisa ngaphansi kwamaphiko kanye ne-ventral pylon eyodwa. Izikhali zingagcwaliswa ngemincintiswano ehlukahlukene:

- УР Р-73 «emoyeni-emoyeni» - ama-4 ama-PC.

- УР Х-25М "umoya-surface" - ama-4 ama-PC.

- Ama-NUR amabhlokhi UB-32, PU-O-25 namanye ama-calibers (kusuka ku-57 kuya ku-266 mm) - ngokusho kwenani lemihlobiso.

- Amabhomu e-air 250 noma 500 kg (kufaka phakathi imigodi yokukhonkolo) - ngokusho kwemingcele eminingi.

- I-Cassette ibhomu nge-RBC-500.

- Amathangi okushisa iZB-500.

- Iziqukathi zemithi.

Ukwandisa i-radius yokulwa, i-pylon eyodwa noma emithathu ingasetshenziswa ukumisa amathangi angeziwe.

Izimpawu

Izinkomba zenjongo zihlaba umxhwele, ikakhulukazi uma sicabanga ngobukhulu obuncane nobukhulu be-Yak-130.

Ukusebenza kwezindiza kwe-Yak-130:

• Ubude - 11,245 mm;
• Iphiko lephiko liyi-9,720 mm;
• Ukuphakama - 4 760 mm;
• Isisindo esikhulu sokuthatha isisindo - amathani angu-9;
• Umthwalo wokulwa - amathani amathathu;
• Isivinini esiphezulu singu-1050 km / h;
• Ukufakwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo - 12 000 m;
• Ukulayisha ngokweqile okuvela ku-+8 G kuya ku -3 G;
• I-angle evumelekile yokuhlaselwa yizigaba ezingama-40;
• Indawo ngaphandle kwe-PTB - kufika ku-1060 km;
• Ububanzi ngaphandle kwe-PTB - kuze kufike ku-2000 km;
• Ubude bokukhipha - 335 m;
• Isivinini sokuphumula singu-195 km / h;
• Ukufika ngesivinini - 180 km / h;
• Isisetshenziswa semoto - amahora ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi ezindizayo noma iminyaka eyi-30 yekhalenda.

Umyalelo wombuso

Ekupheleni kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane, ukukhishwa kwabaqhubi bezempi kwakunciphise kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhathi zaseSoviet. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwezikole, okuyizintathu kuphela, isidingo semoto entsha sibhekana nezikhungo zokuqasha izikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lentengo yamafutha kule minyaka eyishumi edlule liye landa kakhulu, futhi i-Yak-130 yesimanje izuzisa emnothweni we-L-39 ovamile (kuphela 600 l / ihora). Incazelo, izici zezobuciko nobuchwepheshe, amathuba okuqeqeshwa ekuhloleni ngemishini yezinhlobo ezahlukene - konke lokhu kubangele ukuqala komkhiqizo we-serial we-UTI entsha.

Amathemba

Ikhasimende eliyinhloko yiRussia Air Force. Lezindiza ikhiqizwa eNAZ "Sokol" ngesilinganiso sezimoto eziyishumi nambili ngonyaka. Ukwakhiwa kwemigomo yokuqeqeshwa eKrasnodar kuhlelwe. U-Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, uMnuz Jikelele weMpi uMikhailov uqobo wabona i-Yak-130. Izimpawu zobuchwepheshe bezindiza, ukuhamba kahle, ukuhamba okubanzi okuhamba phambili nokukhululeka kokusebenza kwenza umqondo omuhle kuye. Eminyakeni ezayo, inani lezimoto ezifundweni zokuqeqesha kanye nezikhungo zokuvuselela lihlelwe ukuthi likhuphuke libe ngamakhulu amathathu, futhi inani eliphelele lemakethe, kubandakanya abathengi bangaphandle, ochwepheshe balinganiselwa ku-1000.