"Lever-AB". Izindlela ezintsha zokulwa kwempi

Imishini yempi yanamuhla ayikwazi ukucatshangwa ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu lezici zomboni. Akumangazi ukuthi umonakalo wabo uhlanganisa ukungasebenzi kwezinto zokubhujiswa. Ngakho indlela entsha kunazo zonke zempi ye- electronic, njenge "AV Lever", yiyona ingxenye ebaluleke kunayo yonke ibutho lanamuhla.

Kuyini i-EW, kusho ukuthini lokhu?

I-EW, okungukuthi, impi ye-elekthronikhi, ibonisa umthelela ngokuphazanyiswa okuqondisiwe emithonjeni yomsakazo-ezobuchwepheshe yesitha, ekukhulumisaneni kwakhe, ulwazi luhamba ngokuvikelwa okufanayo kwamasistimu akhe ngokumelene nokuphikiswa okufanayo okungafani nesitha.

Yeka ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kokufakelwa kudalwa kanjani?

Ngalokhu, izindlela ezisebenzayo nezisetshenziswayo zingasetshenziswa. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa imisakazo yomsindo, kanye nabathumeli babo. Ngokweqile "kuchaza izigaba ezihlukene zezibonisi, okwenza kube nzima ukudlulisa amaza omsakazo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuwaphazamise. Izingxenye ze-REB ziphakathi kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngisho nokungena ekubunjweni kwamayunithi we-missile. Kusukela emisebenzini yabo ukuthi ukunemba komqondisi we-missile kuxhomeke kakhulu, ngoba isitha sizoyivikela ngokuqinile lokhu.

Ukuphazamiseka okusebenzayo

Kunzima kakhulu ukuphazanyiswa okusebenzayo, njengoba behluke kakhulu futhi kudinga inani elikhulu lamandla ukukhiqiza. Ukuze udale, sebenzisa ama-generator akhethekile kanye namathumeli, ukuthuthukiswa kuwo emazweni amaningi emhlabeni kuqala ngokushesha emva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Lezi zimpawu ziphazamisa noma zivale "umsindo omhlophe" izimpendulo ezivela e-radar yesitha.

Ukungakwazi ukudlula isikhala, amagagasi noma ukuhlanekezela, ukunikeza umbono wezinhloso eziningi, noma ngisho nokunyamalala, ukushiya izikrini ze-radar zingenalutho. Ngakho, ukuphazanyiswa okusebenzayo kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: ukucindezela nokuhlanekezela.

Ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zempi zombuso

Izinga lokubaluleka kwe-EW linikeza ukunakwa okukhethekile kubo uma kwenzeka impi egcwele. Ngakho-ke, emibhalweni yama-air defense fighters (kokubili okwethu kanye ne-US) kuthiwa abamnyama nabamhlophe ukuthi owokuqala ukubhubhisa izindiza zezitha ezihlome ngempi yemishini. Kulula nje, uma kwenzeka kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa kwesitha, ngisho nokuqhuma kwamabhomu kwakungaba ngowokuqala ukubhujiswa, kodwa i-EA-6B "Prouler" noma i-EU-130H Hercules.

Futhi lokhu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi azikho izikhali nakancane kulobu buchwepheshe ... Ngakho-ke ochwepheshe be-EW bahlale behamba phambili ekuvikeleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emithonjeni engaphandle kukhona igama elithi "impi electronic" nhlobo. Inkulumo ethi "impi yemishini" isetshenziselwa lapho. Ezimweni ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi imishini yesikhulu esiphezulu idlala kumajoni, lokhu kulungile ngokugcwele.

Ukubaluleka kwamafa e-EW efakwe ezindizeni

Umsebenzi obaluleke kunazo zonke ochwepheshe empi yempi (noma impi) iwukuba "u-stun" isitha, amshiye ithuba lokubona nokuzwa ngokusebenzisa "amehlo nezindlebe" zakhe zobuchwepheshe. Kubaluleke kakhulu emaminithini okuqala empi (futhi, ngokufanele, ngisho naphambi kwayo) ukugwinya izidakamizwa zesitha kanye / noma ukukhipha izindiza noma izindiza zokuhlasela.

Uma impahla ye-EW isebenza ngokugcwele, isiteleka sabo kanye nesibhamu sezindiza zithola ithuba lokuphumula ngqo ezihlosweni zesitha, ukuba zingabonakali ngokuphelele. Kulokhu, isitha singasebenzisa isiqondiso esibukwayo ekuhlosweni, okuyinto, ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhamba kwezindiza zanamuhla, kunciphisa amandla okuzivikela emoyeni.

Okujabulisayo kakhulu ukuthi imicibisholo eyinkimbinkimbi ebiza izigidi zamaRandi ngayinye esimweni esinjalo isuke ibe yincithakalo engenamsebenzi, eyimpumputhe futhi "engenangqondo." Ngisho nokukhuphuka kwamaphambanethi angeke ashintshe lesi simo. Ngaphandle kokulungiswa okuvela emhlabathini, ukukwazi kwabo ukubona izindiza zezitha kuyinto encane kakhulu, futhi ingozi yokulahlekelwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nomshayeli wemoto uyaphakama kakhulu.

Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha

Njengamanje, imboni yezokuvikela yasekhaya ibuye ithole kancane kancane kusukela enkampanini eyinkimbinkimbi ye-systemic, ngakho-ke manje ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwamasampula asezingeni eliphezulu lalezi zinhlobo zezikhali kuyaqhubeka. Indima enkulu kulokhu idlala yi-Kazan Optical-Mechanical Plant. Iyingxenye ye-CRET enkulu (ukukhathazeka kwe-Radioelectronic Technologies). Imikhiqizo yalokhu kubamba iyisici esibaluleke kakhulu sokuphepha kwezwe lethu lonke.

Kulo mkhakha ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwengxube ye "Lever-AB" kuqhubeka. Ekuqaleni konyaka odlule, amasampuli amaningana kule mpi ye-elekthronikhi kakade adluliselwe emasosheni ethu ekuqhubeni izivivinyo zabo zasensimini. Kubikwa ukuthi wonke umyalo kahulumeni ka-2015 wenziwa ngokugcwele ngokuhambisana nemigomo, futhi umsebenzi usuqale ukusebenza (njengoba ezinye iziphambeko zembulwa) zesimanje "se-Lever-AV".

Kanyekanye nezinto ezikhiqizwayo

Zikhona yini ezinye izindlela zokulwa kwezempi ezakhiwe ezweni lakithi? Yebo. Isibonelo, i-Vitebsk: I-REB ikhiqizwa ngokukhathazeka okufanayo, futhi izici ziyafana.

Inhloso yeVitebsk ukuvikela ezihlukahlukene zemishini yempi. Ngokungafani ne-"Lever", uhlelo lufaka ubungqimba obugcwele "idome", elingavikeleli kuphela i-helicopter ethile noma izindiza, kodwa konke okuwela ngaphakathi kwendawo yayo. Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi singasebenza futhi njengomkhiqizi ozimele wokuphazanyiswa okusebenzayo, ukufakwa endizeni yezindiza noma indiza ehlomile ngokukhethekile.

Yini enye eyigugu ku-Vitebsk? Le REB ingakwazi ukuskena ngokuzenzekelayo isikhala esiseduze, sinqume ngesikhathi sangempela, ngubani nokuthi yikuphi ibanga eliqhuba ukuskena kwemishini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-digital "snapshot" isuswa masinyane emshinini wezitha, okukuvumela ukuba unqume uhlobo nohlobo lwemishini yesitha esingaba khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Vitebsk iyakwazi ngokushesha ukubala indawo yemishini yesitha, ukutadisha isigaba sokusebenza kwayo futhi "ukulingana" ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhona isu elithile lokuvikela imishini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sikhungo se-EW singasungula wonke ama-squadron "amathekisthi amanga," ukubhujiswa "isitha esizosebenzisa imithombo yaso, isikhathi namandla. Indiza eyodwa kuphela ehlomekile nge-Vitebsk ingaphazamisa amandla ebandla lonke labanqamuleli, iphoqelele izimoto zesitha ukuba zivimbele imigomo ebonakalayo. Ngamagama, izinhlelo ze-EW zibalulekile ebuthweni lanamuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile hhayi nje ukuphoqa izimboni zezitha, kodwa futhi "ukukhohlisa" lapho kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa ohlelweni lokudluliswa kwedatha ebaluleke kunazo zonke, ukuthumela idatha ngamanga ngamabomu.

Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa

I-KRET iphinde ibe nezinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kwemvelo yezinto ezikhona ze-EW, ngokugxila kulolu datha olutholakala ngesikhathi sokusebenza nokuhlolwa kwesoveli. Ngakho-ke, ngasekuqaleni kuka-2017, ukuqala kokukhiqizwa kwenguqulo ephuthumayo yenkimbinkimbi kuhlelwe, okuzobandakanya izinguquko ezidinga ukumbulwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwensimu. Njengamanje, umsebenzi uqhubeka ekukhiqizweni kwe-serial entsha ye "Lever" entsha.

Ukusebenza ne-OKB Mikoyan

Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo se-"Lever-AV" yukuthi abaqambi bayo baye benza ukuguqulwa okuhlukile kwinkimbinkimbi, eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukufakwa kuma-helicopter angu-Mi-8. Inkomba yemishini enjalo yi-Mi-8MTPR-1. Iyini ukuphumelela lapha? Into ewukuthi i-G8 ingumsebenzi wangempela wezulu. Lezi zinqola zezindiza zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezweni lakithi nakwamanye amazwe, zisiza ngokubili kokubili ukuphila kokuthula kanye nempi.

Kodwa ekugcineni, impilo yomshayeli kanye nokuphepha kwempahla isengozini enkulu, ngoba ayikho impi ye-MI-8, ayikho isivikelo emaqenjini aphikisana nezindiza. Ukuba khona kwenkimbinkimbi ye-REB egibela i-helicopter kuyithuba langempela lokuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha komshini ezimweni zokulwa, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusebenzisa imicibisholo yomoya, ukuphikisana nezinhlelo zokuzivikela zomoya.

Ezinye izici zenkimbinkimbi entsha

Abamele imboni yezokuvikela abazimisele kakhulu ukukhuluma ngezici zomkhiqizo omusha, kodwa ulwazi olwengeziwe kuzintatheli zezincwadi zempi luyawa. Njengoba wazi, ukukhathazeka ngokuthi "i-Radioelectronic Technologies" kuveza le mishini ehlose ukuqhuba impi ye-electronic ngezimo ezihlukahlukene, nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izimo zemvelo. Isiyinkimbinkimbi esixoxa ngayo singafakwa kunoma iyiphi i-helicopter yasekhaya, okwandisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwemvelo futhi yandisa amathuba okusebenzisa kwayo.

Yinkomba ethi "AB" ekhomba ukuthi "i-genealogy" yezindiza zayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokudala okuqhubekayo kwezinye izinguqulo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuhloswe ukufakwa kwezinye izinguqulo zemishini yempi. Ikakhulukazi, kuhlelwe ukudala imishini yokuvikela umoya kanye nezinhlaka zamasu okuvikela izimoto ezizovikela izihluthulelo kanye nemicibisholo yokulwa nezikhali, ukuphazamisa izindiza zezitha nemicibisholo eye yaqhubekela phambili ekubhubhiseni. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi okwamanje akukho ulwazi olusemthethweni mayelana nalezi zinketho nhlobo. Kuze kube manje, idatha ethile yilapho uhlelo "lwe-Lever-AV" lusebenza kuma-helicopter yomndeni wakwa-Mi-8.

Amaqiniso jikelele, olunye ulwazi

Njengoba sishilo, kuze kube manje ulwazi oluthe xaxa kuphela luyaziwa, lapho, noma kunjalo, ezinye iziphetho zisengenziwa. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwezindaba ezifuywayo, okusebenza ngokuqondile noMnyango Wezokuvikela, le nkimbinkimbi entsha iyakwazi ukucindezela umsebenzi we-radio wezitha ezisezingeni eliphakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-100. Ngakho-ke, indawo yezenzo ivumela ukumboza ngezinga elanele lokuthembeka ukuthi ukubalwa kwe-air defense kusho ngaphandle kokubona okubonakalayo yisitha. Kuhle kakhulu uma ukulwa kuqhutshwa ngezimo zezulu ezithandekayo zesitha. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umsebenzi ungenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ngezinhloso eziningana.

Uma uhlelo lwe-"Lever-AV" lufakwa kwi-helicopter yama-Mi-8, lesi samuva sidlula inqubo yokubuyisela emuva nokunye. Ngakho-ke, emgodini wezimpahla, iziqukathi zemishini zifakwe, i-wiring ibhalwa kabusha ukuze i-ugesi inikezwe ohlelweni ngezinkomba zamandla ezidingekayo, njll. Emaceleni kukhona ama-antenna aphakanyisiwe adingekile ukuqondiswa kwemisebe ye "Lever".

Ngokusho kwedatha engavumelekile, izingxenye zokuphindaphindiwe ze-multipath zisetshenziswe njenge-antenna. I-helicopter ephethe le nkimbinkimbi ebhodini, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ilula kakhulu. Iphuzu lapha ema-antenna amabili avela ikakhulukazi, afakwe ngaphambi kwesigaba somsila wemoto.

Futhi kuthiwani ngabasebenzi? Kuyaziwa ukuthi imisebe eyenziwe yizinhlelo ezinjalo iphephile empilweni yomuntu futhi ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuqondile ... Ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi, ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kubeka kumshini. Akugcini kuphela ukuvikela abasebenzi kusuka emisebeni enamandla kagesi, kodwa futhi kuvimbela imishini yebhodi ye-helicopter ukuba ihluleke, futhi "ayinandaba" nemisebe yale divayisi. Njengoba ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo engamakhilomitha angu-100 kudinga amandla amakhulu esignali, ukufakwa kwesibindi esengeziwe kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izici eziphambili ze-Complex

Ngokusho kwemibiko engaqinisekisiwe, isiteshi sokumisa esisebenzayo esithi "Lever-AV" asikwazi nje ukucima imisebe yamadivayisi esitha, kodwa futhi ukuqoqa izici zabo bese yenza "ifayela lekhadi" elikhethekile lezimpawu. Kungani kubalulekile? Indaba yokuzifundela: i-"Lever-AB" eyinkimbinkimbi "ehlakaniphile" ikwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela hhayi nje kuphela ukucacisa izici zalokho okuhlosiwe, kodwa futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukhethe amandla okushisa emzimbeni okudingekayo ukuze unqande enye imishini.

Ngakho-ke, uhlelo alukwazi ukushintsha ngokuvumelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza, kodwa futhi luzimela ngokuzimela ngolwazi mayelana namadivaysi esitha esisha engakafiki ku-database ngenkathi kudalwa isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi.

Kungaba okuthakazelisayo ukuthola ukuthi isiteshi singaphazamisa le datha nezinye i-REB "Lever-AV", kodwa kuze kube manje lolu lwazi aluzange luhlanganiswe emshinini. Cishe, ithuba elinjalo likhona, futhi liphoqelekile ukuthi libe, ngoba ukulahlekelwa kwesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kuzofaka ukulahlekelwa kwedatha eqoqwe yiyo.

Kukhona ulwazi ukuthi ama-helicopter angu-Mi-8 ahlomiswe nalesi simiso angakwazi ukulwa nezinhlelo zokuvikela emoyeni zesitha, enze ukuxoshwa kokuxhumana nokulawula kwawo, futhi abuye avikele amasosha ayo kusuka ku-EW impahla yesitha, ayoyisebenzisa ngokuqinile emikhakheni ethile yangaphambili.

Ekuhlinzekeni kwemishini eguquliwe

Kusukela ngo-2015, i- Kazan Helicopter Plant isivele isebenzise ngokugcwele uhlelo loMnyango Wezokuvikela mayelana nokunikezwa kwezindiza ze-helicopter ezihlomelelwe izinhlelo zokulawula i-radio-technical, ngisho nokucushwa okuyisisekelo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imishini yokuqala yanikezwa ikhasimende ekuqaleni konyaka. Kungenzeka ukuthi umsebenzi uqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku, ngoba akukho izikhalo ezivela ezempi ezinsukwini zokudiliva ezitholiwe.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi "i-Lever-AV" (isiteshi se-REB yeqembu lokuzivikela) sesivele isesimweni esigcwele sesimanje. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kuhlelwe ukwandisa indawo engaba khona, bese ukhiqiza izinketho ezikhethekile zemikhumbi emincane kanye nemishini yasemhlabathini, futhi uthuthukise ukuzivikela kokuyinkimbinkimbi ngokumelene nezinyathelo zesitha. Kungenzeka ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zeli sitimela zizoqhutshwa emabuthweni afanayo, njalo ziqhutshwa ngaphansi kwesimanje.