I-Duralumin yi ... Duralumin: ukwakheka, izindawo, intengo

I-Duralumin yinto eyakhiwe ngesisekelo se-aluminium ehlanzekile ngezingxenye zokuqhafaza, okufakwa kuwo ekubunjeni kokuqhaqhazelashintsha izinguquko zensimbi. I-aluminium enesisindo esincane futhi ilula kakhulu ithola ukuzinza okuphethe umthwalo ngenkathi igcina zonke izinzuzo zezinto ezihlanzekile.

Ukutholakala ngengozi

I-Duralumin iyi-alloyum yesikhumba esincane ngenani lenthusi, elidala ngokwezinga elithile lokushisa ngezimo ezidalwe kahle. Lezi zinto zakhiwe ngo-1903 ngu-Alfred Wilm, owakhonza njengenjiniyela ekhiqiza laseJalimane. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, wabona ukujwayelekile, okuqinisekisiwe yizilingo zesikhathi eside. Wathola ukuthi uma ehambisa aluminium kanye no-4% wethusi, bese eshisa izinto eziphumela ekushiseni kuka-500 ° C bese kulandelwa ukupholisa okusheshayo futhi ebambe ukushisa kwamahhala izinsuku eziningana, insimbi enezimiso zamandla ezandayo itholakala, ngenkathi igcina impahla yepulasitiki Isici esiyinhloko.

Kule minyaka eyalandela, kutholakala ama-alloyi enenani elikhulu lezithasiselo, okwandisa amandla okubaluleka. Esikhathini samanje, i-duralumin i-alloy-force alloy, okuyinto, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, ingafaka ithusi, i-magnesium, i-silicon, i-zinc, njll.

Ukwakhiwa

Izakhiwo zamandla we-duralumin zibonisa amanani aphakeme - kufika ku-370 MPa (amandla aluminium ehlanzekile - 70-80 MPa), okwenza lokho kudingekile ezindaweni eziningi zomkhakha. I-alloyum e-aluminium enezici zamakhemikhali, ngezinga elithile, ihlukahluka kwezici ezitholakalayo. I-alloy base-base iqukethe izilinganiso zakudala zesithako.

Ukubunjwa kwe-duraluminic kunezinto ezilandelayo:

• I-Copper (Cu) - 0.5% yobuningi obuphelele.
• I-Manganese (Mn) i-0.5% ye-alloy.
• I-Magnesium (Mg) - 1.5% we-mass mass.
• I-Silicon (Si) - 1.2%.
• I-Iron (Fe) ingu-0.1% wokubunjwa.
• I-Aluminium (Al) iyisici esiyinhloko.

Izinhlobo eziyisisekelo zama-alloys

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-alloys ezihluke ezimeni zazo.

Yini engaba yi-duralumin (ukwakheka, i-ligatures nezimfanelo)?

• I-aluminium + manganese (Al + Mg), i-aluminium + magnesium (i-Al + Mn), igama lesibili elithi "magnolia" - libhekene nokumelana nokubola, ukushisa okuphezulu, ukwelusa. Ngamahloni angakwazi ukusika. I-alloys yalezi zingoma azihambisani nobunzima obengeziwe. Le nto isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi amapayipi e-petroli, ama-autodiator, amathangi ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene, emsebenzini wokwakha, njll.
• I-aluminium + manganese + i-silicon (i-Al + Mg + Si), i-alloy yayibizwa ngokuthi i- "avial". Izakhiwo ze-duralumin zalokhu kubumba - ukumelana nokubola, ukukhanya nokuqina kwamagundane ahlangene, okusanhlamvu okuhle. Ukuphefumula kwenzeka ekushiseni kuka-515-525 ° C ngokupholisa okupholile emanzini (+ 20 ° C) izinsuku ezingu-10. Isigaba esikhulu sokusebenza imikhiqizo esetshenziselwa izimo zemiswakama ephezulu, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto, izingxenye, imishini embonini yezindiza, imboni yezimoto, muva nje inkampani yendiza ithathe insimbi ebiza kakhulu ngemininingwane yamafoni omakhalekhukhwini, njll.
• I-aluminium + yethusi + yama-manganese (i-Al + Cu + Mg), noma i-duralumin, yinto ehlelekile, kuye ngokuthi kunesidingo sokuthola izakhiwo zokugcina, inani le-alloying ngalinye lingashintsha. I-alloy isithole uhlelo lokusebenza embonini yezindiza, imboni yesikhala, ekukhiqizeni izitimela zesitimela esisheshayo ("Sapsan"), njll. Ukungahambi kahle kwe-alloy kuyisimo esiqinile sokungazinzi. I-Duralumin sheet ifuna ukwelashwa ngokucophelela kokulwa nokubhujiswa, okwenzeka ikakhulu ngokufaka isicelo emhlabathini we-aluminium ehlanzekile.

Isicelo

I-Duralumin iyinhloko esemqoka yemboni yezindiza nomboni wesikhala. Isicelo sokuqala sezindiza senzeke ngo-1911 ekwakhiweni kwezindiza. Ekhulwini lama-21 kunezinto ezingaphezu kweyishumi zemikhiqizo yalolu lwazi olukhanyayo nolunaphakade. Ngezingxenye zezindiza, umshini we-D16T uvame ukusetshenziselwa, okufaka izinsimbi eziyisishiyagalolunye, isibonelo i-titanium, i-nickel, njll, kanye nesigqumeni senziwe ngethusi, i-silicon ne-magnesium. Inani le-aluminium ku-alloy lilinganiselwe okuqukethwe okujwayelekile ka-93%.

Akuwona wonke ama-alloys we-duralumin aphethwe kahle, imikhiqizo eningi yenziwa kwi-rivets kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokuqinisa. Isicelo esiyinhloko sezakhiwo zezimboni kwakhiwa ukwakhiwa kwezindiza, imboni yezimoto, ukwakhiwa kwamathuluzi. Kodwa hhayi kuphela ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu busebenzisa izakhiwo zasemadolobheni, isibonelo, isikebhe sokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, esenziwe ngale ndaba, sizohlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, futhi ngokunakekelwa nokuvimbela - ngisho nangaphezulu.

Ekwakha umkhumbi, akuzona nje izindlu zemikhumbi ezenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa futhi nenani elikhulu lezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zendawo, amafindo. I-Duralumin yamapayipi, ama-thick-walled and walled-walled, asetshenziselwa yonke indawo, kusukela ezindlini nasemisebenzini eya emipayipi yegesi. Amashidi aqoshiwe asetshenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo.

Izinzuzo nokungalungi

I-Duralumin iyi-alloy esekelwe ku-aluminium, okuyinto, njenganoma yikuphi okubonakalayo, inezinzuzo. Phakathi kwabo:

• Amandla aphakeme aphezulu.
• Impilo yesikhathi eside.
• Ubungozi obuphansi ekubhujisweni.
• Ukuphikiswa ezindaweni eziningi ezinonya, imishini, izinga lokushisa.
• Ukulungiswa komsebenzi ophethwe (i-aluminium ngendlela ehlanzekile iphendula kabi ekudumeni izihlalo).
• Izindawo eziningi zokusebenza.

Kunomphumela owodwa ophawulekayo owenziwe nge-duralumin - kungokwemvelo kokulimala kokushisa. Yonke imikhiqizo yezinto ezidingekayo kufanele iboshwe nge-aluminium ehlanzekile noma ihlanganiswe ne-primer, okuvimbela ukubukeka kwembusi.

Uhlu lwamanani

Ukuthenga le nto akuyona nzima, izindleko zakhiwa kuye ngokubunjwa kwezinto. Iningi lezitshalo ezakhiqiza izinsimbi ezingenalutho ziveza i-duralumin. Intengo incike ezintweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi ngohlobo lomkhiqizo, ububanzi bokunikezela nezinye izimo. Emibhalweni ehambisana nalokhu, umenzi ubophezelekile ukukhombisa iphesenti le-alloy, ukuhambisana ne-GOST, ukusebenza.

Izindleko zemikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-duralumin (ikhoneni, ipayipi, ishidi) iqala kusukela ku-580 ruble kilogram. Njengoba ukwanda kwevolumu yokunikezela, inani lentengo ngayinye yamapayipi alloy kukhona cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-510. Ama-wheels amancane aqala ngentengo yama-ruble angu-250 kilogram. Umbuthano ubizwa ngokuthi uqobo lwezinto eziphathekayo, ingxenye yesigcawu esivela isiyingi sobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ubude be-athikili bufinyelela kumamitha amathathu.