Umkhumbi wamanzi weProjekthi 641: imikhumbi, isithombe

Phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi phakathi kwe-USSR ne-United States, isisindo esasungulwa olwandle: ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Yankees yayingenayo izinkinga zemikhumbi yangaphakathi (kubandakanya abathwali be-missile), kodwa imikhumbi yezwe lethu (kubandakanya ngenxa yezingxabano zangaphansi) Kulendawo kwakubonakale buthakathaka. Kodwa iSoviet Union yayinezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Ezihlukahlukene zazikhulu kakhulu: kusukela ezincane ezingabonakala "ezifweni zokudoba", "ezinkulu" ze-Sharks.

Naphezu kokuthi amandla esiteleka esiyinhloko esifundazweni sethu ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyizikhali zamasheya enuzi, kodwa okwamanje amanzi aphansi kagesi-kagesi weprojekthi 641 adlala indima ebalulekile emlandweni wokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi.

Isikhathi esisha - ezinye izidingo

Ngxenyeni yesibili yama-50 ekhulu leminyaka eledlule kwacaca ukuthi "abesifazane abadala" bephrojekthi 611 abahambisani ngokuphelele nezidingo ezintsha. AbaseMelika ngaleso sikhathi base bezithembele kakhulu emisebenzini yezinhlanzi zasemadolobheni, kodwa e-USSR benza ukubheja okubalulekile kumaphrojekthi weklasi, futhi akusikho isizathu.

Iphuzu elizansi lapha ukuthi i-dizeli, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-paradoxical ingase ibonakale kanjani, ilula kakhulu kune-athomu: inkinga yokugcina ekudumeni, umsindo ovela ekusebenzeni kwama-generator kagesi kanye nama-condensing units. I-diesel engaphansi kwemikhumbi engaphansi kwemikhumbi yangaphansi kwamanzi igesi kuphela, ngakho-ke umsindo uphansi kakhulu.

Ukuqokwa kwezikebhe zephrojekthi 641

Njengaye yangaphambili, umkhumbi wamanzi wangama-641 waklanyelwe ukumboza izinqola zasolwandle, ukuvikela imizila yokuhweba nokuxhumana, nokugcina uxhumano. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakudingeka imishini emisha ibe nezinkomba ezinjengejubane, ukuzimela okukhulu, izimo zokuphila ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezimo zokuphila zabasebenzi, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ziphethe izikhali eziningi ebhodini.

Iqembu lalinabantu abangu-70, abangu-12 ababeyizikhulu. Kubo bonke, izimo zokuphila ezimangalisayo zadalwa ngalesosikhathi, okwakungenakutholakala emikhumbi yezinhlelo ezingu-611. Ikakhulukazi ekhululekile kwakuyiprojekthi yomkhumbi we-B-427 641.

Izici eziyinhloko zamanzi omkhumbi amasha

Umthwalo wemiklamo wabenza abaklami beSA abawaziwayo. Egorova no-ZA Deribin. Icala lokuthuthukiswa kwabo libhekene nesithandwa esincane, kanye nesitembu "esinqunyiwe" esivela kahle. Lokhu kwenziwa okwenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufaneleka kwamanzi okudoba ngaphansi kwamanzi angenhla. Izikebhe zaleli phrojekthi nazo zifaka ukuhleleka okubonakalayo emgqeni osebenza ukuze kutholakale imishini ehlukahlukene ye-radar nezinye izinto.

Ngokuqondene nemishini, igumbi lokuqala lingokomthetho nge-torpedo. Umkhumbi wamanzi wePhrojekthi 641 ungafaka umlilo ku-torpedoes kumamitha angama-80. Igumbi lesibili lalihlala, kwakukhona phakathi kwezinye izinto, igumbi lesigceme. Egumbini elifanayo, ngaphansi kwedokodo elisemgodini, abaqambi babeka amaphakethe ebhetri. Owesine waba (ngokujwayelekile) indawo lapho iposi eliphakathi lalikhona khona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakunamakamelo okuhlala kanye namaphakethe webhethri angeziwe. Igumbi lesihlanu liyi-diesel, okulandelayo yizinjini zikagesi, futhi ekugcineni, okungukuthi, okwesikhombisa, kugcinwa ama-torpedo tubes asekelwe.

Ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwezikebhe zalolu hlobo kufakwe futhi ucingo oluphakeme kakhulu oluzungezile ukuwa. Kuyinto "ephawulekayo" ukuthi akukho lutho olungaphezulu kwalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni yokuphumula, esikhulume ngenhla, akukhona kuphela imishini ye-elekthronikhi, kodwa futhi igesi kanye nemishini evumela ukuthi injini ye-diesel isebenze ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Yayiyini le mibhoshongo ehlomile?

Isikhali esiyinhloko sinezimbhobho eziyisithupha ze-torpedo tubes, ezisekelwa ngabathengi abane. Kodwa okwamanje izinto eziyinhloko ziyisisu, njengoba nje zihlomelelwe uhlelo olukhethekile lokuvuselela ngokushesha. Izinhlamvu eziphelele - ama-torpedoes angu-22. Lawa afaka amamodeli okuqala "we-telemetric", alawulwa ngetambo. Kodwa ekusebenzeni, ukulwa nokuthunywa kwakuvame ukuthathwa kuyingxenye yesithathu yomzuzu, esikhundleni sabo nge-torpedoes. I-Leningrad Leningrad-641 eyinkimbinkimbi yayinesibopho sokulawula inqubo yokudubula.

Lezi zinhlanzi zasemotweni zazihlomile nge-torpedoes ngenhloko yempi yenukliya, kodwa zahloselwe kuphela ukuhlaselwa emikhumbi yesitha.

Izici zenjini

Inhliziyo yemikhumbi yasemanzini i-diesel kuphela yama-37D. Bahlome ukushaja kwe-turbo, bavikelwe emagumbini amakhulu ngenqwaba enkulu ye-bulkhead engenawo umsindo. Njengoba sesishilo kakade, ama-motor amabili kagesi kagesi le-PG-101 anesibopho sokugijima ngaphansi kwamanzi. Umthamo ngamunye ngu 1350 amalitha. Nge. Kukhona injini yokugcina PG-102, amandla angu-2700 hp ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kukhona ne-140-eqinile PG-104. Isetshenziswa ezimweni lapho kuyadingeka khona ukugcina izinsiza, "ihlala" emgodini ofanayo ne-PG-102.

Ukuze uhambe, isikebhe singasebenzisa ama- propellers amathathu , umgoqo ongashintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo yi-crew. Esikhundleni esingenhla kwamanzi, izinjini ze-dizeli zisetshenziselwa ukushayela, okufanayo kanye nokushayela amabhethri.

Imishini

Amashintshi amathathu kanye nezikrini ezintathu, umgoqo ongashintshwa yi-crew. Zonke izigqoko zokujula nokuqondisa zinezikhwele ezintathu ngesikhathi esisodwa: iziqu ze-hydraulic, electric and manual, futhi kwakuyi "ithuba lokugcina". Isikhathi sokuqala, isisombululo sokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo esiyinkimbinkimbi "iMarble" esasetshenziswa, okwenza kube lula kakhulu umsebenzi wabasebenzi futhi ulandele isikhundla somkhumbi wamanzi emkhathini.

Ubuchwepheshe Bamandla

Ekuqaleni, ibhethri ifakwe emotweni ye-46SU, kamuva yafakwa esikhundleni se-48SM enokwethenjelwa nangokwengeziwe. Kuzo zonke lezi zingqamuzana kwakukhona amabhethri angu-448. Kungenzeka ukuthi amabhethri angama-60SU angasetshenziswa kwezinye izikebhe. Ukukhulunywa kwabo kwenzeka ezinhlokweni eziningana zemibono yabase-Soviet submariners (ikakhulukazi, ikhuluma ngamaphrojekthi e-sub-bin B-427 641), kodwa lapha, mhlawumbe, kukhona okungajwayelekile.

Izinto ezitholakalayo ezikhungweni zemikhumbi

Umklamo womkhumbi uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintsha ze-sonar, imsakazo kanye nemishini yokuhamba, nezinye izinto zokusebenza eziphezulu (kulawo maxesha). Ukuthola izinhloso eziphezulu, isistimu ye-radar "i-Flag" isetshenzisiwe, futhi isiteshi se-MG-10 esithuthukisiwe singasamukela izimpawu hhayi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nakwamanye amazwe "Asdics". Izinhloso ezifanayo zihanjiswa yi-complex ye-Arktika-M, ehlala isebenza ngendlela esebenzayo.

Uma uthenga umklamo we-submarine B-28 project 641, ungabona umkhumbi omkhulu emnsaleni, owahlala kuwo wonke ama-electronics.

Ukuvikelwa okunamandla kwesikebhe kuhloswe ngokuthi "Ukukhanya-M", okuyinto kusengaphambili kulungisa ngisho nezimpendulo ezide ze sonars zangaphandle. Ukuqashelwa kwe-Radio teklayenti kwenziwa nge-"Nakat" eyinkimbinkimbi. Kumele kucatshangelwe ukuthi phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuklama kwalezi zikebhe kushintshiwe njalo, ngakho-ke ngeke kube khona ukuchaza ngokunembile zonke izinto ezihlukahlukene zemishini ebhodi. Amamamitha angaphansi kwamamanje adlula ngaphansi kwenkomba 641B.

Ukungalungi okuyinhloko, ulwazi mayelana nokusebenza

Sekuqalile ukwakhiwa, onjiniyela baye baqaphela ukuthi cishe akukho nhlobo yokuphepha yokuthuthukisa iphrojekthi ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke lapho ubeka imikhumbi yamanzi yokugcina yalolu chungechunge, zakhiwe kabusha cishe ekuhambeni. Ngenxa yezinguquko ezinjalo, igumbi lesishiyagalombili lahlonywa kabusha futhi laphinde lahlanganiswa, abaqambi bafaka esikhundleni sezinjini ze-diesel ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu, futhi amabhethri ajwayelekile asetshenziselwa futhi.

Ngasentshonalanga, le mikhumbi yamanzi yasheshe yathola igama elithi Foxtrot. Lokhu kwakungenye yezinhlelo zokuqala zama-submarines, okwakudluliselwa kakhulu kuma-Allies ngaphansi kweSivumelwano sase-Warsaw, nakwamanye amazwe ase-Soviet. Isibonelo, ama-submarines amabili ngemuva kokukhishwa kwezakhiwo ePoland, kanti naseNdiya ngokujwayelekile, kwakhiwa ama-submarines akhethekile, ayenokuhlukana okukhulu okweqile kusuka kumsebenzi wokuqala.

Ngakho-ke, kwafakwa amanye amabhethri, ayenomthombo omkhulu lapho esebenza ezimweni zokushisa okuphezulu, ekamelweni lesine, amakhabishi amabili asuswa masinyane, ngenxa yokuthi umkhumbi wamanzi wawukwazi ukubeka isimiso se-air conditioning, futhi amandla okuqamba amanzi ayenyuka kakhulu. Njengoba iphrojekthi yethu yangasemanzini ye-B-28 641 yayidinga, yaphoqeleka ukufihla kumaMelika ezindaweni ezishisayo isikhathi eside!

Isimo samanje sepaki

Ngamaphesenti angu-13 anjalo ahanjiswe phesheya (angabala amazwe e-bloc socialist), futhi atholakele, ikakhulukazi, eLibya naseCuba. Njengamanje, lezi zikebhe zisusiwe ngokunembile emsebenzini wokulwa eNdiya, zombili imikhumbi yasePoland yathunyelwa ensimbi phakathi no-2000, isiphetho sabanye asiziwa. Cishe, babemane baxoshwa. Esikhathini sokuzivikela kwezwe lethu kunomunye wemikhumbi engama-diesel yamaprojekthi angu-641 (kubonakala sengathi ulwazi lwakhiwe), kepha kungenzeka ukuthi luzobhalwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, kusukela namhlanje "i-Lada" namanye ama-submarines kagesi asetshenziselwa ukushintsha kabusha.

Ikhophi eyodwa isesibambiswaneni se-Navy yase-Ukraine (futhi yiyena kuphela i-marinezi kulezi zindawo). Yiqiniso, isimo somkhumbi sinjalo kangangokuthi siye sahlongozwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuba sihlukaniswe ngensimbi, njengoba ukulungiswa kwayo sekuvele kungalungile. Okubalulekile kuphela ukuthi ngo-2012 lo mkhumbi okokuqala eminyakeni engama-20 wahamba waya olwandle. Abantu base-Ukraine kuphela abazuza ngokuthi iphrojekthi engu-641 (imikhumbi engaphansi komhlaba), isithombe sayo esisehlokweni, sinokwethenjelwa kakhulu kusukela ekubukeni kwezobuchwepheshe.

Inkinga yeCaribbean

Ngasentshonalanga, imikhumbi yamanzi engaphansi kwalolu hlobo yaziwa kabanzi ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele zaseCaribbean. Yilabo ababambe iqhaza ekwenzeni ukuvinjelwa kweCuba, futhi inani eliqondile lemikhumbi engaphansi komhlaba elihilelekile kulo msebenzi alwaziwa kuze kube yilolu suku. Kukholelwa ukuthi kwakukhona imikhumbi yamanzi engama-641 project 19 brigade. Abasebenzi babefanele basebenze ezimweni ezinzima kunazo zonke, njengoba izinga lokushisa emakethe ngezinye izikhathi lifinyelela kuma-degree Celsius angu-60, futhi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthambela ukuqhuma umoya nokushaja amabhethri, ukuze ugweme ukutholakala ngemikhumbi yaseMelika. Maye, umkhumbi womkhumbi we-641 weprojekthi yokusebenza emoyeni awunalo ...

Ezimweni ezinzima kangaka, abaqeqeshi kanye nomlawuli wamabutho angaphansi kwamanzi ngezinye izikhathi babengenalo ulwazi ngezinsuku ezimbalwa okwakwenzeka emhlabeni, nokuthi ngabe i-USSR ne-US babesesimweni sempi ye-athomu. Ukuqeqeshwa nokuqina okuphezulu kuphela okuvunyelwe ukuvimbela inhlekelele engavamile. Phela, ebhodini ngalinye lamanzi kwakukhona ama-torpedoes ngamacala enuzi!

Kukhona imibiko ukuthi ngawo-1960 kwakunezimo zokulwa nokuxhumana phakathi kwezikebhe zeProjekthi 641 kanye nababhubhisi baseMelika. Okubonisa ikakhulukazi yilokho okwenzeka ngo-1962. Umkhumbi wamanzi weprojekthi 641 ngenombolo B-36 isikhathi eside ulandelele indawo yaseCuba, ukugwema ngempumelelo ukutholakala kwe-US Navy. Ngobusuku obunye, ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa okuhleliwe, ubonwe ohlangothini lomonakalo waseMelika ongaziwa ukuthi abasebenzi bakhe (ngaphandle kwezixwayiso) baqalise i-torpedo yokulwa nomkhumbi.

Ngenhlanhla, abasebenzi be-B-36 benza ngokuphumelelayo nangokushelela. Bakwazi ukubalekela ukuhlaselwa, kodwa ... abaseMelika isikhathi eside baqhubekela emkhunjini (kwakungenakwenzeka ukuhamba ngokujulile, amabhethri akhululwa) futhi aphonsa amaphakheji aqhumayo ngisho nama-grenade ajwayelekile phakathi kwenkambo yakhe, ngesikhathi esifanayo ezwa isithunzi. I-radiogram yathunyelwa eMoscow kuphela ngomzamo wesishiyagalombili.

Naphezu kokuphikisana, abasebenzi base bekwazi ukuhlukana nokulandela lokho. Ngisho nangemva kwalokho, isikebhe saqhubeka senza umsebenzi wokulwa, esishiya eNhlonhlweni yaseKola kuphela emva kokuba ibhetri iningi lingekho. Esimweni esifanayo kwakukhona abasebenzi beprojekthi ye-submarine B-28 641, kodwa kwakungekho ukuhlaselwa kwe-torpedo.