Impi Electronic. Okwamuva Russian eziyinkimbinkimbi impi electronic

Ukuhlela amasu kwemisebenzi lezempi ezenziwa ekomkhulu wamabutho ngokusekelwe ekucabangeleni eziningana ezibalulekile. Lezi zihlanganisa i-non sine qua we umyalo ulwazi imvelo ukusebenza kanye exchange Seamless kolwazi. Endabeni non-ukuhambisana noma iyiphi kulezi zindlela ezimbili, ngisho ibutho elinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni, ayehlome lenqwaba ezobuchwepheshe zanamuhla nezindlela ifakwe amasosha akhethiwe, siguqulelwa a isixuku olungenakuzisiza, abadliwa yinqwaba Scrap Metal. Ukwamukela bese yokudlulisa ulwazi njengamanje isetjenziswa esebenzisa ukuhlola, ukuvumbulula, nokuxhumana. Mayelana ukukhubaza isitha radar, ababhubhise ukuxhumana yayo, iphupho zonke isu. It kungenziwa ngezindlela nezindlela zempi electronic (EW).

izindlela Early zokumelana electronic

Njengoba nje electronics, yaqala ukuthi asetshenziswe neminyango ukuzivikela. Izinzuzo imishini yezokuxhumana engenazo izintambo kusungulwe Popov, kweso wayezazisa Imperial Russian Navy. Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala emoyeni ukwamukela ukudluliswa kolwazi kuyinsakavukela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi izindlela zokuqala zempi ngogesi, kodwa abanamahloni hhayi kahle. Ukwakha ukuphazamiseka ezindizeni kanye nezindiza kwehla kusuka ukuphakama Reza aluminium ucwecwe, bakha isithiyo ukudlula namagagasi omsakazo. Yiqiniso, le ndlela has bokwenza eziningi, wasebenza isikhathi eside futhi egcwele wokuxhumana akusho kuyenzeka ihlangane. Eminyakeni 1914-1918 ladluliselwa futhi nangenye indlela ebalulekile ukuthi EW, ezivamile esikhathini sethu. Izinjongo signalers kanye scouts langena ukucabhela kokuthintana isitha ebalulekile. Imininingwane ngasheshe ngafunda ukuthi ukubethela, kodwa ngisho nokuhlolwa ukushuba umsakazo wayivumela abahlaziyi abasebenzi lokuzinqumela uqobo.

Indima Imininingwane e Umhlaba

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II impi electronic Ufake isigaba esisha ukuthuthukiswa. Amandla ngwenya bese izindiza eJalimane lobuNazi yafuna ukuphikiswa ngempumelelo. EBrithani nasezingxenyeni US, amazwe ezibhekene nenkinga sokuphepha Atlantic nokuxhumana, waqala umsebenzi sina ukudalwa esebenzisa ukuthola ezikude surface futhi emoyeni amatshe, ikakhulu, ekuhlaseleni nezikhali ezicitshwayo FAA. Acute umbuzo mayelana nokwenzeka sokuqonda imiyalezo abasebenza ngemikhumbi-ngwenya-German. Naphezu komsebenzi umxhwele abahlaziyi zezibalo kanye khona ezinye impumelelo, izimpi electronic waphumelela kuphela emva ukuthunjwa (okungahleliwe) umshini imfihlo Engima. Inani wangempela ucwaningo emkhakheni amanga futhi ziphazamise Imininingwane isakhiwo eJalimane phakathi neMpi Yezwe II futhi akatholakalanga, kodwa isipiliyoni ukuthi zanqwabelana.

Army umzimba ophilayo

Phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi impi electronic waqala ziyahlangana, efana umqondo yesimanje wabo. Emabuthweni ahlomile, uma ufaniswa eziphilayo, babe izitho sezinzwa, ngobuchopho ejensi ukuphepha ngqo wahlanganyela umlilo nomthelela isitha. "Izindlebe" futhi "amehlo" yempi - ukubhekwa, ukutholakala komdlavuza kanye ukuhlonza izinto ezingase ziyingozi ukuphepha kwe-Izinga Tactical noma amasu. Ukusebenza kwengqondo wenziwa endlunkulu. Therefrom ngumuntu "nerve" iziteshi mncane zokuxhumana amayunithi lempi wathola ama-oda, kudingeka ukuba abantu babulawelwe kuzo. Ukuze kuvikelwe lonke leli isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi kwenziwe izindlela ezahlukene, kodwa uhlala sengozini. Okokuqala, isitha njalo azama ngazo ukuphula ukulawula ngokubhubhisa endlunkulu. Inhloso yayo yesibili ukuze ashaye ngayo izindlela kolwazi (radar kanye nezikhundla distal ukuthola). Okwesithathu, uma kungekho uhlelo lwenethiwekhi lawula isiteshi ilahlekelwa ukusebenza. Uhlelo yesimanje zempi elekthronikhi awanakufundwa yalomsebenti ezintathu kanye nomsebenzi Ngokuvamile kunzima kakhulu.

Defense asymmetry

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi ezempi Isabelomali USA yimali oludlula Russia. Ukuze kusingathwe inkinga ngempumelelo usongo kungenzeka izwe lethu likwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo azilingani ukuqinisekisa izinga elifanele sokuphepha izindlela kancane ebizayo. Ukuphumelela amakhambi kuchazwe obuchwepheshe ukuthi ukudala izimo lobuchwepheshe isicelo umonakalo kakhulu imizamo umqali wagxila ezindaweni zayo sengozini.

Esikhathini Russian Federation, omunye izinhlangano ehola wahlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa zempi elekthronikhi Kret (Ukukhathazeka "ubuchwepheshe Radio-electronic"). Isisekelo ukudalwa esebenzisa nokucindezela ezingaba umsebenzi isitha kuyinto esiqondile nomqondo wefilosofi. Ukuze operation ngempumelelo ohlelweni kufanele banqume ukuthi nezindawo eziseqhulwini umsebenzi emazingeni ahlukahlukeneko yentuthuko empini.

Uyini ukuphazamiseka non-amandla

Ngesikhathi sigaba samanje kudalwa ukuphazamiseka jikelele, akufaki ngokuphelele exchange kolwazi, cishe akunakwenzeka. Okuningi esiphikisayo ngempumelelo ngaphezulu ngesilinganiso kungenzeka nokunciphisa isiginali, nencazelo yalo futhi ukudluliswa kwe-nesitha ifomu angahleliwe. uhlelo enjalo ine umphumela impi electronic, wathola kusukela ochwepheshe igama "non-amandla ukuphazamiseka." isenzo sayo kungaholela disorganization ephelele ukulawula esinonya amabutho ahlomile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuze kunqotshwa kwazo okuphelele. Le ndlela, ngokusho kwabanye, isivele isetshenzisiwe kulokhu kubulalana Middle East, kodwa ngeminyaka yoma ekuseni base iseli imishini EW sixties sekwephuzile futhi akazange avumele ukuba sifinyelele kahle eliphezulu. Impambaniso ekuphathweni amayunithi lempi lesitha eyenziwa "ngesandla". Namuhla, anawo Russian electronic impi amayunithi e-babe ezobuchwepheshe.

izindlela wezindlela

Ngaphezu kwalokho ezindabeni zamasu, amasosha esiteshini phambili, kufanele ukuxazulula izinkinga wezindlela. Aircraft Kumelwe bahlasele phezu izikhundla isitha ivikelwe izikhali emoyeni ukuzivikela. Ingabe kungenzeka ukuba abenzele ndima khulula emigceni zokuzivikela? Leso senzakalo, okwenzeka ngesikhathi umzimba lezindiza ku Sea (April 2014), cishe kumane nje kubonisa ukuthi Russian impi zesimanje ze-elekthroniki ukunikeza awokuthi ngeke ilimale izindiza, ngisho noma izimfanelo namuhla ayisekho phakathi lesichubekako kakhulu.

UMnyango Wezokuvikela ngesizotha okugwemayo amazwana, kodwa American ohlangothini ukuphendula lukhulu. Okuvamile - ngokuya aqondisa - azungeza umkhumbi, "Donald Awe-Kuk" nqunu webhomu Su-24 uye waholela ekubeni omhlaba wonke imishini isiqondiso. Lena yindlela encane eziyinkimbinkimbi impi electronic "Khibiny".

Inxanxathela "Khibiny"

Uhlelo, yaqanjwa yokhalo entabeni Peninsula Kola ngokubukeka kuyinto esitsheni cylindrical, imiswe okwesikhashana ku standard wezempi izindiza pylon. Umqondo udale i Imininingwane esiphikisayo izimali kwavela kwesigamu ngeminyaka yoma yesibili. Defense izifundo wathola KNIRTI (Kaluga Ucwaningo Radio Engineering Institute). Inxanxathela impi electronic ngemicondvo siqukethe amabhlogo amabili, elinye lawo ( "Proran") obangela imisebenzi ukukhalipha, kanye nezinye ( "Regatta") embukisweni ukuphazamiseka asebenzayo. Ukusebenza yaphela ngempumelelo ngo-1980.

I amamojuli ayehloselwe ukufakwa ngaphambili yomugqa fighter Su-27. Russian eziyinkimbinkimbi impi electronic "Khibiny" kuwumphumela ngokuhlanganisa imisebenzi yazo zombili lezi amayunithi futhi uqinisekise ukuthi esihlelwe umsebenzi kanye imishini ugibelile indiza.

injongo eziyinkimbinkimbi

L-175B Kudivayisi ( "Khibiny") yakhelwe ukwenza imisebenzi eminingana, ichazwa ngokuthi ingqikithi ukucindezelwa electronic umsebenzi isitha air ukuzivikela.

Umsebenzi wokuqala ukuthi kwakudingeka axazulule le ezimweni lokulwa - kuyinto zapelengovat kumba umthombo ngemisebe. Khona-ke, isiginali okuholela siphazamisekile ngenhloso uzingela enkingeni indiza yenethiwekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivayisi kudala izimo ukubukeka esikrinini radar bamatshe zamanga, inkimbinkimbi ukuzimisela ibanga izixhumanisi kanye siba sibi nezinye ukusebenza ukuqashelwa.

Izinkinga ezisuka kusukela isitha izinhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela ayabaluleka ebanzi kangangokuthi akudingekile ukuba ikhulume ukusebenza yomsebenzi wabo.

Yesimanje "Khibiny"

Ngesikhathi njengoba sekudlule singangenwa umkhiqizo L-175B, umdwebo zedivayisi yabekwa izinguquko eziningi, ihlose ukuthuthukisa nemingcele lobuchwepheshe kanye nokuncipha ubukhulu nesisindo. Ukuthuthukiswa uyaqhubeka namuhla, ubuqili avalelwe kuthiwa, kodwa siyazi ukuthi isethi yakamuva impi electronic singase sithwale Ukuvikelwa iqembu izindiza emiphumeleni anti-aircraft missile izakhiwo isitha ezingaba njengoba ekhona namuhla, njalo ethembisa. ukwakhiwa Modular kuhilela kungenzeka okwandayo rwe nolwazi namakhono, kuncike nezidingo isimo Tactical. Ekuthuthukiseni idivayisi uyakucabangela hhayi kuphela isimo samanje emoyeni ukuzivikela isitha ezingaba, kodwa futhi ukulangazela amathuba okuthuthukisa izindawo zabo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze (kuze 2025).

Okumangazayo "uhlelo krasukha EW"

Electronic impi amaviyo Russian Federation zisanda yokutholwa emine isethi mobile zempi electronic "krasukha EW uhlelo-4." Ziyakwazi imfihlo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlelo eliwumhlaba elimisiwe injongo efanayo "krasukha uhlelo EW 2" kakade ukusetshenziswa ebuthweni kusukela 2009.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlelo mobile zidalwe Rostov Research Institute "wesilinganiso", akhiqizwa Nizhny Novgorod NGO "Quantum" futhi ogibele chassis bazi-6910-022 (ayisishiyagalombili-wheel, off-road). Ngokusho isimiso yayo wokusebenza entsha Russian eziyinkimbinkimbi electronic impi "krasukha EW uhlelo" uyisimiso asebenzayo-yokwenziwa, kuhlanganiswa kabusha ekushayweni Amasimu kagesi eyenziwe izimpondo yesixwayiso (kuhlanganise AWACS), kanye ukudalwa ukuphazamiseka asebenzayo ohlangothini. Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe kungukuthi uvikelwe avuzayo ulwazi kwabezindaba mayelana amathuba okuthakazelisayo EW eziyinkimbinkimbi, omsebenzi wakhe 'osangene' elawula uhlelo of unmanned izimoto zasemoyeni kanye izingxenye kuhloswe ezingaba ezicitshwayo isitha.

Yini kufihliwe ngemuva isihenqo imfihlakalo

Ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, ulwazi ezibekiweko of the zakamuva Russian impi kagesi agcinwa eyimfihlo. Amanye amazwe nawo hhayi ezisheshayo ukwabelana izimfihlo ngaphandle kulezi zinhlelo, okuyinto nakanjani kusasebenza. Nokho, ukuze nahlulele degree of ukulungela ukuzivikela oluthize bezimo ubufakazi ubuchwepheshe Kusengenzeka. Ngokungafani amasu zenuzi ezicitshwayo mayelana nokusebenza kahle okuyinto engcono kuphela ukuqagela futhi wenze ukuhlaziywa zokucabangela, imishini EW angahlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo eduze ukulwa, ngisho ngokumelene ngempela, nakuba nezitha ezingaba yingozi, njengoba kwenzeka ngo-April 2014. Nakuba kukhona isizathu sokukholwa ukuthi amabutho Russian impi electronic kuleso simo ngeke behluleka.