Umuthi 'Novocaine ": yokusetshenziswa, intengo. "Novocaine" ekukhulelweni

Medicine "Novocaine" kuyindlela ephumelela analgesic izidakamizwa. Imithi ohlwini amadivaysi ezokwelapha ezibaluleke kakhulu.

izakhiwo kwemithi "Novocaine" izidakamizwa

Yokusetshenziswa ibonisa ukuthi izidakamizwa has a izinzwa umsebenzi ngokulinganisela zendawo, is kabanzi kwezokwelapha. Ukulungiselela "Novocaine", okuyinto base ababuthakathaka, iziteshi sodium uvimbelwe ezivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kanye esiphelweni Izinzwa amaza e yezinzwa eziyimpumelelo. Lapho wamukela imiphumela nomuthi ushintsho nekhono kumaseli neuronal, ne nemiphumela ephawulekayo ukuphumula ezingaba singanikezwanga. Umuthi suppresses Lokusakaza ubuhlungu amaza.

Phakathi ukuncela futhi ngokushesha lingena egazini uma iqondiswa ngemithambo yegazi kukhona ukwehla excitability amasistimu neuropathy cholinergic nokukhiqizwa encishisiwe wokukhulula acetylcholine eziyimpumelelo preganglionic. I nomuthi "Novocaine" (incwadi yeziyalezo kuchaza ngalokhu) aqede izinhlungu zibe of imisipha abushelelezi, kunciphisa excitability we motor endaweni cortex zobuchopho futhi infarction.

Ukuze ukusetshenziswa emthanjeni, ikhambi has antiarrhythmic, hypotensive, antishock, umphumela analgesic, kwandisa isikhathi refractory, iyehlisa conductivity, futhi automaticity excitability. Ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa ebulilini kungenzeka kokunikezwa kwe-sezinzwa imisipha conduction, Ukudlikizela kuyagcinwa.

Umuthi kususa ukubopha umthelela phansi stem ubuchopho, umphumela ezicindezelayo ezikuyi-polisinapticheskie ingqondo. It has a umsebenzi iDemo imithi ebulala izinzwa. Isenzo kokuziphatha izinzwa Uthatha imizuzu engu-30 kuya ku-1 ihora. Isixazululo "Novocain" wethula iziguli intramuscularly osekhulile kusaqalwa pathologies bangalwa ngempumelelo yizifo ezihlobene nokungabikho ukusebenza kahle isimiso sezinzwa, zibe-cerebral palsy, yenhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu semithambo.

Umuthi ayiqondakali bumuncwa lwamafinyila. Lapho umjovo i-ejenti asebenzayo ngokushesha egazini, is hydrolyzed ngu esterases ezicutshini futhi plasma, akha main metabolite amabili asebenzayo: PABA (abamelene chemotherapeutic sulfa izidakamizwa) kanye diethylaminoethanol (kokuba ngokulinganisela vasodilating isinyathelo). Kuboniswa izinso ngesimo metabolites.

Ukwakheka kanye uhlobo "Novocaine" izidakamizwa

izidakamizwa ngenxa yokukhuliswa isixazululo lomjovo okucacile, uketshezi kungekho nto enemibala emihle, e ampoules ivolumu kusuka 1 kuya 20ml. Amaphesenti isithako kwalo kungukuchotshozwa 0.25 futhi 0.5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esalisekela futhi amaphesenti amabili-ukukhululwa "Novocaine" isixazululo nokulungiselela. Intengo yaleli fomu ruble-15.

Popular kanye powder, kanye isixazululo oyinyumba ka nomuthi, batheleka izitsha eziyisikhombisa 0.2 futhi 0.4 amalitha. Ukuze ekwelapheni izifo eziningi ziyasebenza wamafutha 5 futhi angu-10, futhi suppositories, aqukethe 0.1 amagremu isithako esisebenzayo (procaine hydrochloride), kanye izingxenye asizayo - witepsol noma tallow. Ngo 1 ml nemiyo asebenzayo eziqukethwe inani 0,005 amagremu, izingxenye ezengeziwe isinyathelo hydrochloric acid amanzi umjovo.

izinkomba

Izidakamizwa "Novocaine" yokusetshenziswa bayakhuthazwa ukuba baphakamise ukwenza retrobulbar, esibulalayo, umgogodla, ngocingo, epidural, kokuziphatha izinzwa. Ukusebenzisa nomuthi umkhiqizo vagosympathetic futhi perirenal ukuvinjelwa jugular. Isicelo se-suppository siyasebenza ngoba analgesia nge imifantu anal kanye haemorrhoids. Ukusebenzisa wamafutha okubangelwa izimpawu of neurodermatitis, eczema, ukulunywa dermatosis.

Medicine "Novocaine": yokusetshenziswa

Imijovo iziguli omdala njengoba ukwenza kokuziphatha izinzwa endaweni ivolumu 300-600 mg (0.25-0.5 isixazululo amaphesenti).

Tight ngu ezinwabuzelayo kokuziphatha Wisniewski inqubo wenziwa ngokwethula isixazululo 0.25% ngo isamba 125 ml. izinzwa Epidural kwenziwa ngosizo "Novocaine" isixazululo amaphesenti amabili. Imijovo Umhlahlandlela uncoma umthamo 25 ml. izinzwa Spinal etholwe 2-3 ml 5% izidakamizwa. Ngo ENT umkhuba 10% yesixazululo izidakamizwa isetshenziselwa izinzwa nezokusigcoba.

Ukuze kwandiswe ubude isinyathelo zomuthi futhi ukunciphisa absorbability yayo, futhi ngesikhathi izinzwa izidakamizwa "Novocaine" lendawo buhlanjululwe isixazululo epinephrine hydrochloride. Ukuze wenze electrophoresis Kunconywa ukuba asebenzise 10% izidakamizwa. Kodwa amahwahwa esidumbu perirenal lapho nokuvinjelwa Wisniewski Kufanele ufake 60 noma 120 ml 0.5-th noma 0.25% isixazululo, ngokulandelana. ukuvinjelwa Vagosympathetic ekhiqizwa ngokwethula 100 ml umkhiqizo 0.25% okuhlushwa.

Naphezu Izimo ngokuvamile imijovo "Novocaine" izingane kuyabekwa njengoba isidambisa-zinhlungu ngesikhathi nokuphathwa neminye imithi. Umthamo ibalwa okusekelwe isisindo ingane (hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-15 angu kilogram per).

suppositories Rectal asetshenziswa emva purgation okwenzile ngokudlule nge enema noma ngokwemvelo. Lapho isikhumba pathologies wamafutha isetshenziswa ethintekile ungqimba elincanyana ihlanganisa izikhathi ezimbili engqongqoza.

side effects

Izidakamizwa "Novocaine" (yokusetshenziswa ukuxwayisa lokhu) kungadala abantu basabele ngendlela embi.

Central ne -peripheral nervous system aphendule imithi ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukozela, isiyezi, ukungahlaliseki, nokuquleka. Kwezinye izimo, kukhona liqhaqhazela, nokulahlekelwa ukwazi, lockjaw, ukuzwa futhi ongaboni paraesthesia, ukukhubazeka imilenze, nystagmus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nokukhubazeka zokuphefumula, ivimbela imisipha zokuphefumula.

uhlelo Cardio-semithambo ushintsho blood pressure, kukhona ubuhlungu esifubeni, arrhythmia, bradycardia, nciphisa, vasodilatation neuropathy.

izinhlelo urinary futhi wokugaya ukudla aphendule imithi ukusetshenziswa ukuchama okungalindelekile, sokuzikhulula, ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu.

On the ingxenye isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi ukuba imiphumela emibi zihlanganisa methemoglobinemia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa kungabangela ukusabela kabi komzimba:

• isifuba;
• anaphylaxis ;
• ukuqubuka kwesikhumba;
• ukulunywa.

Ukuze uthole ezinye abantu basabele ngendlela embi zihlanganisa izinzwa ophikelelayo, ubuthakathaka, hypothermia, iqolo. Phakathi izinzwa amazinyo waphawula kwelulwa ngokusungula indlela yokubulala izinzwa, paresthesia nokudungeka sezindebe nolimi.

ukweqisa izidakamizwa

Ukusebenzisa "Novocaine" kadokotela, okhombisa lwemithi yokwelapha kumele udokotela. Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nemithetho kungenzeka izimpawu ukweqisa izidakamizwa. Izimpawu ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nomuthi kukhona pallor ka nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye isikhumba integument, methemoglobinemia, zokuphelelwa umoya, okungazelelwe ingcindezi iconsi, tachycardia, iphika, ukuhlanza, ukujuluka abandayo, isicanucanu, isiyezi. Iziguli nomuzwa kokwesaba, motor ukuyaluza, Ukudlikizela, ukusangana. Ukuze kuqedwe kuwukubonakaliswa ukweqisa izidakamizwa, kudingekile ukuba afeze ukupholisa yamaphaphu yomoya-mpilo engasetshenziswa lapho ephefumula, ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, linqume lingaze futhi ukwelashwa ngokukhishwa kobuthi egazini.

Izimo

Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa akufanele zonke iziguli. Lapho inqubo izinzwa iyakwenqabela ezinwabuzelayo kokuziphatha ejenti izinguquko izicubu fibrotic. Subarachnoid izinzwa ayikwazi kwenziwe ngesikhathi septicemia, ukushaqeka uthi, hypotension, ukopha. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba bahlanganyele ukwelashwa nalengakahleleki sib, wenze cindezela nge "Novocaine".

Ngokulungiselela ngokucophelela esetshenziswa ngesikhathi imisebenzi in iziguli acute ukopha, ukungasebenzi kwezinso, izimo ezihilela nokwehlisa hepatic liningi igazi, inhliziyo oluseqophelweni esingamahlalakhona semithambo; phezu ukutheleleka kusayithi umjovo; pathologies ukuvuvukala. Ngaphansi kweso lwezokwelapha ekhethekile kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imithi ngesikhathi sokubeletha, iziguli esindayo futhi buthakathaka, abantu abadala kanye nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-iningi.

Nge imithi kuhlangene anticoagulants ( "danaparoid" "Warfarin", "Ardeparin", "dalteparin", "Enoxaparin" "Heparin") kwandisa ingozi ebangela ukopha. Ukwehlisa ingcindezi futhi bradycardia waphawula phakathi kokuphathwa kanyekanye imithi emithini "trimetafan", "mecamylamine", "guanadrel", "guanethidine." Khulisa izenzo zendawo izinzwa imali "Epinephrine," "methoxamine", "Phenylephrine."

Izici isicelo

Ngaphambi alulaze "Novocaine" futhi wenze shot, liyadingeka ngempela ukunquma ukuzwela umuntu ukuba imithi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, enze ukuhlola isikhumba, futhi uma kukhona ububomvu nokuvuvukala kungenziwa bahlulelwe umuntu non-ukwamukelwa kusho.

Phakathi ukwelashwa kubalulekile ukuqapha ukusebenza izinhlelo zenhliziyo, wethukile futhi zokuphefumula. Ukuze kuncishiswe letindzala ukuchayeka, ubuthi kanye ukwandisa umphumela izidakamizwa ngesikhathi izinzwa wendawo, izidakamizwa "lidocaine" noma "Novocaine" isetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne vasoconstrictors. Ngenxa yalesi, iconsi isixazululo epinephrine hydrochloride ingezwe ku-3 ml nomuthi "Novocaine".

Ayanda lokuhlushwa ikhambi esetshenziswa, kulapho Isidakamizwa anobuthi. Ukuze wehlise amabutho umthelela kunconywa ukunciphisa umthamo isiyonke nomuthi noma buhlanjululwe ukuba lokuhlushwa aphansi. Lokhu kwenziwa nge oyinyumba isixazululo isotonic of sodium chloride.

Nokuvinjelwa yokusabela hypersensitivity emabangeni kokuqala ukwelashwa iqondiswa 2 ml isixazululo amaphesenti amabili, futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu (uma azikho emibi) umthamo senyuselwa 3 ml, bese wabe ukusebenzisa ivolumu ngokugcwele - 5 ml umjovo ngamunye.

Phakathi ukwelashwa sinenkonzo yokunakekela iziguli emakhaya liyadingeka give up ukushayela kanye nokuqaliswa imisebenti lemayelana bagxila, ijubane motor futhi ukusabela engqondo.

Ukuxhumana nezinye izidakamizwa

Lapho iqondiswa ngemithambo yegazi, umuthi sithuthukisa umphumela inhibitory ku kwemizwa uhlelo sedatives, amaphilisi elele, amathuluzi esetshenziselwa ukubulawa kwezinzwa okuvamile, zinhlungu futhi analgesics kwezidakamizwa. Umuthi bandisa isenzo kwemisipha, nerve block kubangelwa suxamethonium. Ingozi hypotension luyanda ngokusebenzisa kuhlanganiswe izimali "Novocaine" nge Mao inhibitor).

Anticholinesterase izidakamizwa ukwandisa ubuthi zomuthi, zivimbela hydrolysis yayo. Para-aminobenzoic acid, okuyinto metabolite zomuthi, kunciphisa umphumela elwa namagciwane of sulfonamides, ngoba umusa omelene ukuncintisana. Amathuba ukusabela bendawo ngesimo edema kanye abagulela ukufa anda imijovo ukucutshungulwa isikhala izinzwa abaphathi bendawo nge magciwane izixazululo equkethe izinsimbi ezisindayo.

Ukusetshenziswa "Novocaine" izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Phakathi ukuzalwa abesifazane abaningi babhekana isidingo ukwelashwa kwamazinyo noma izimpawu ezihlukahlukene ezingemnandi, ezifana ubuhlungu emuva. Amazinyo, izinzwa elisetshenziswe kaningi kusho "Novocaine". Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa kulezi zimo kwamukelekile. Udinga nje kuphela ukuba wazise udokotela wakho mayelana nokukhulelwa ukuthi wasebenzisa izidakamizwa, kucatshangelwa isimo samanje. Lapho toxicosis, ungaqhubeki ushintsho blood pressure, njengoba kuvunyelwe imithi "Novocaine". Ekukhulelweni, ukusetshenziswa kwalo kungenzeka kuphela ingcindezi ephakeme, emva kokubonisana ngaphambi udokotela.

Ithuluzi kusiza umsebenzi inhliziyo nomphumela sizipholele imisipha. Lapho izimpawu ubuhlungu esiswini, okuyizinto ezihlobene peptic isilonda isifo, sincoma ukusetshenziswa suppositories. Kujwayeleke ingcindezi hemorrhoids zingenza usebenzisa suppositories. Izidakamizwa "Novocaine" isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuphela kadokotela, zokuzelapha akuvunyelwe! Lo chwepheshe ngeke abale umthamo edingekayo kanye nokuvama abaphathi, ngemva kokuhlaziya izinkomba yokukhulelwa. Suppositories asetshenziswa kabili ngelanga, pre-eqothula umzimba nge enema.

Inani futhi izidakamizwa analogue "Novocaine"

Izindleko "Novocaine" ukulungiselela (intengo kungahluka kancane Pharmacy ngabanye) izitsha eziyisikhombisa (0.5%) kuyinto ruble 22. Per isitsha 0.25% isixazululo (200 ml) noma suppositories rectal uyonika ruble 27. Bezakhiwe analogue lomcebo ephilayo ukuthaka imithi:

• "Hydrochloride Procaine".
• "Isizinda Novocain."
• "Novocaine-Vial".
• "Novocaine Bufus".