I-Supersonic ibhomu ye-intercontinental T-4MS ("umkhiqizo 200"): izici eziyinhloko

Imiklamo engenayo isikhathi yokuba yinto engokoqobo, kodwa ingena emlandweni ... Bangaki babo, bakhohliwe ngendlela efanele futhi hhayi kakhulu. Enye yeprojekthi enjalo yi-strategic superversonal bomber-missile carrier eyenza i-design design eholwa yi-PO Sukhoi.

Izidingo zokudala

Njengoba kunjalo njalo, inkinga yesidingo sokudala imishini yezindiza, eyayisivele ivele ngaphambili, yavuswa ngamasosha ngo-1967, lapho isinqumo senziwa e-United States ukudala indiza eqinisekisiwe ye-Aircraft (Advanced Manned Strategic Aircraft). Kusukela kumsebenzi we-AMSA, ukudalwa kwe-B-1 edume kakhulu, isibhamu esiphezulu sezinga eliphezulu lokuhlasela okujulile kwaqala.
Futhi ngoJanuwari 1969, ngomyalelo kaNgqongqoshe wezokuPhepha kwezokuPhepha, umncintiswano waqala phakathi kwamahhovisi okuklama kaVM Myasischev, i-AN Tupolev no-PO Sukhoi. Ngokuhambisana nalesi siyalo, amabhizinisi ayedinga ukuqhuba ucwaningo ngezindiza ezimbili zezinkambo ezimbili, ukudala isitshalo samandla, i-missile armament kanye nezinhlelo ezivela emoyeni. Ukudalwa komsakazo we-elekthronikhi kuphela kwakungaphansi kwegunya loMnyango WezeMishini Yomsakazo. Umyalo wakhe uvele entwasahlobo yonyaka ofanayo.

Idatha yokuqala

Isimemezelo sikahulumeni ngasekupheleni kwekwindla ka-1967 sinqume izici zezindiza ezizayo.

Wayefanele abe neyokuqala nokuphambili izici zezindiza.

Ebangeni eliphakeme lika-1.8 km, ijubane labekwe ku-3.2-3.5,000 km / h. Futhi kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kule meyili nangesisindo esincane esiseduze nomhlabathi indiza kufanele ihambe ngenkani okungenani amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-11-13, futhi ezindizeni eziphakeme kakhulu lapho kuhamba khona izindiza kufanele kube ngu-16-18 000 km.

Umsebenzi waphinde wakhishwa ekubunjweni kwezikhali. Kwakufanele kube yinto engashintsha futhi ibe nokuhlaselwa ngokukhululekile nokulungisa amabhomu ezinhlobonhlobo nezinhloso ezehlukene, kanye nemicibisholo esekelwe emoyeni, ezine-hypersonic X-45 Molniya kanye nama-X a-2000 aerobalistic. Isibalo esikhulu sezikhali sahlelwa ngamathani angu-45.

Isiqalo sokuthuthukiswa

I-OKB Sukhoi PO kusukela ngo-1961, futhi ngenxa yokuncintisana, yayizibandakanya ekuthuthukiseni isibhamu esiphezulu se-bomber-missile carrier T-4, ngenxa yobuningi bamathani ayi-100 wesibini okuthiwa yi "Sotka." Kwakudingeka afinyelele ngesivinini se-3000 km / h, anqobe isivinini esishisayo, ngakho-ke, futhi abe ne-aerodynamics ephelele. Kuye, kuthuthukiswe ngokukhethekile imishini yamakhosi, imishini yamandla nemishini yokuhamba. Kuvunyelwe kuphela uhlaka lwesithathu lwangaphandle lwendiza entsha.

Ngesisekelo salo, futhi sathuthukisa izindiza ezintsha ze-T-4MS zamakhompiyutha amabili okulondolozwayo ngokulondolozwa kokuqhubeka okuphezulu nesimo sokuqala. Umklamo omusha kufanele uhlale ukhona: izitshalo zamandla, izinto ezivele zinezici ezintsha, ezaba yizixazululo ezijwayelekile kanye nezixazululo zezobuchwepheshe, ezakhiwe futhi zavivinywa kuma-board systems kanye nemishini futhi, yini ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni ukukhiqiza, izinqubo zobuchwepheshe bezinkunkuma. Ngisho nomshini we-cipher watholakala ngokufaniswa noSotka. Isisindo salo sokuthatha isisu ngokusho kwabakhiqizi sasisondela ngamathani angamakhulu amabili, ngakho-ke indiza T-4MS - "umkhiqizo 200" yaziwa.

Izixazululo ezintsha

Maye, kwakungeke kwenzeke ukubona umqondo onjalo omuhle. Uma ulondoloza isakhiwo, ubukhulu nesisindo somkhiqizo omusha senyukile ngokuqinile, kodwa inani eligcwele lezikhali alikwazanga ukufakwa.

Ngakho-ke, i-OKB Sukhogo PO. Lezi zithathi zaqala kuqala ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo olusha lwendawo oluzovumela ukuba zithole isilinganiso esiphezulu sezinto ezingenakubalwa futhi kuqinisekiswe ukubekwa kwezimpahla ezidingekayo kumakamelo okuphatha impahla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umklamo kufanele ube mnandi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze indiza ikwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esiphakeme eduze nomhlabathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunqunywe ukukhipha isimiso sokuqhuma esiteshini samandla sezindiza. Kulesi simo, kwakungenzeka ukudala ukulungiswa okusha nezinye izinjini. Isakhiwo esisha kufanele sihlale sikwazi ukuqhubeka sithuthukisa ukusebenza kanye nedatha yobuchwepheshe yomkhiqizo omusha.

Ngenkambiso yomsebenzi womklami, bakha ukulungiswa kwe-aerodynamic, isifunda esididiyelwe esenziwa ngendlela "yephiko elihamba ngezinyawo", izinduduzo ezijikelezayo zendawo encane (okuncane kakhulu, eqinisweni) endizeni ingahle ishintshe.

Ukuhlelwa kwebhomu

Ukumiswa okusha okuyisisekelo kwezindiza ze-T-4MS, okuvunyelwene ekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1970, kwaba yisizathu sokuthuthukiswa komklamo osengaphambili.

Amamodeli walokhu kulungiselelwa aqhutshelwa emathanjeni omoya we-TsAGI futhi abonise imiphumela evelele kokubili ekuvinjeni kwezindiza ezindizayo kanye naku-supersonic.

Ngenxa yendawo encane ye-rottile cantilevers kanye nomzimba oqinile ophethe iphiko, i- deformation ehlanganisiwe yephiko lalalalala ngesikhathi sezindiza emhlabathini.

Ukuqothulwa kwesibindi sithuthukisa kuhluka kusuka ku-30 ° kuya ku-72 °.

Inhlanhla yayingenakuphikwa, kodwa wonke unyaka olandelayo wawunikezelwe ekuqedeni ukuklama kusengaphambili.

Ubukhulu nobujamo bephrofayela yephiko kushintshwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga eliphezulu le-aerodynamic. Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphrofayli ama-supercritical kwakudingeka ukwandise isivinini se-cruising subsonic. Ucwaningo lwenziwe ngendlela ama-bevels angamaphiko angathinta ukusebenza kwesitshalo samandla nomsila oqondile. Umsebenzi oqhubekayo ekukhetheni ukuma kwephiko, ukuze ukwandise ukuzinza nokulawula komshini.

Isiklomelo esihle kanye namandla ohlelweni lomshayeli wezinyawo sasikhethwa ukwandisa ukubuyiswa kwamanzi kagesi.

Sebenzisa kumbugs

Zonke izenzakalo zahlolwa ku-tunnel yemimoya ye-TsAGI. Ngenxa yalokho, ochwepheshe bathola ukuthi indiza ayisondelene kahle, kukhona ukungazinzi okungenani okungu-5%. Kunqunywe ukuthi kulungiswe ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngezihumusho ze-T-4MS zivele amaphampu angaphezulu kanye nekhala elide. Enye inguqulo, impumulo nayo yayinejamo elinjengaliti. Kodwa okwamanje, ukuthuthukiswa okuthuthukisiwe kwamukelwa umdwebo, lapho ikhala lalihlehlisiwe khona, ngaphandle kwale fuselage elibhekene naso kwakuvelele kuphela i-nacelles, umsila oqondile onama-keel amabili, ohlangothini lwama-wing consoles. Ukuqaphela ngokuyinhloko kukhokhelwe inkinga yokunciphisa ukubonakala kuma-radars esitha.

Incazelo yebhokisi le-T-4MS

Indiza yayizolawulwa yiqembu labantu abathathu, elahlelwa ngethala elincane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umphathi womkhumbi, umshayeli wemoto nomqhubi womkhumbi kumele bahambe ezinkampanini, naphezu kokuthi i-cabin yamakamelo amabili ayengenawo umoya. Igumbi langaphambili lalihloselwe abagibeli bezindiza, futhi igumbi elingemuva laliyi-navigator. Njengoba i-lantern cishe ayizange iqhubekele, kuvezwe amaphuzu akhethekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe umbono ngesikhathi sokuphumula nokufika.

Izihlalo zezinqola zanikeza ukuphuma okuphuthumayo okuphephile kwendiza kunoma yikuphi ukuphakama nokuvinjelwa, kufaka phakathi ukufika nokuqedwa.

Imishini yomsakazo ebhodini yayinezinhlelo zokuhamba ngezinyawo, izinhlelo zokulawula izindiza, ukuxhumana komsakazo kanye nezinhlelo zokuzivikela, ikhompiyutha, ukubukwa kokubukela ukuzivikela, izinhlelo zokuzalanisa nokulawula imishini.

Ubukhulu bezindiza, obuchazwa njengebhomu eliphakathi kwe-intercontinental, laliyi:

- ubude - 41.2 m;

- ukuphakama - 8 m;

- ububanzi bephiko lendawo liyi-14.4 m;

- I-Wingspan engxenyeni yokushisa kwe-30 ° - 40.8 m;

- indawo yephiko nge-angle of sweep of 30 ° - 97.5 square metres.

Isilinganiso sokulinganiswa kwesibhamu sasingamathani ayi-170.

Isitshalo samandla ebomvu

Ezindaweni zangemuva, ema-gondolas amabili, ahlukanisiwe, amane a-NTR-101 atholakale ngamabili. Ukukhishwa komuntu ngamunye kwaba ngu-20 000 kgf. Kwacatshangwa ukuthi lezi zinjini zizohlanganisa izinzuzo ze-injini ejikelezayo emibili ehamba ngezindiza ze-cruise ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngesivinini kanye ne-turbojet ngesikhathi sokusheshisa nokuhamba ngezindiza ku-supersonic.

I-gondolas yayine-injini ngayinye ihlukaniswe umoya ohlangene-iphaneli wendiza eguquguqukayo emoyeni, ovikelwe ekucwilweni nasezingeni zezinto zangaphandle.

Ngaphandle kwezinjini, isitshalo samandla sasihlanganisa izinhlelo zokufakela izindiza ngokuphefumula emhlabathini nasemoyeni, ukunika amandla ama-injini, ukuphazamiseka kwamapayipi okuphuthumayo, ukukhulisa, ukupholisa nokuqedwa komlilo.

Amathangi amakhulu kagesi ayesezindaweni eziphakathi.

Idatha yendiza elinganisiwe

Le indiza yenzelwe izindiza ngezindawo ezide. Ngokwezibalo, wayengakwazi ukuhamba ngaphandle kokuhamba ngezindiza ngomthwalo ovamile wokulwa wamathani angu-9 ngesivinini sokuhamba ngesikebhe esingu-900 km / h (subsonic) 14,000 km, futhi ku-3000 km / h (supersonic) - 9,000 km.

Ngesikhathi sokuphakama, leli bhomu lingase lihambe ngesivinini sezinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.2 / h, ezweni - 1.1,000 km / h.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphakama okuphezulu, okwakungaphakanyiswa ngayo indiza, kwakuyi-24,000 m.

Njengoba ubukhulu obukhulu kangaka, ukugijima kokugijima kokugijima kwakungamamitha ayi-100, futhi ubude bokugijima ngemva kokufika ku-950 m.

Impi ebhodini

Umthwalo wokuqothulwa kwamabhomu wawuyi-9 amathani amabhomu awela mahhala futhi ahlanganisiwe.

I-T-4MS yokuthutha i-missile carrier yayizoyithwala imicibisholo yamanzi e-X-45 eMolniya emide ende, eyakhiwa ngokukhethekile kwi-T-4 iphrojekthi, ne-ARRLSN isiqondiso somhlahlandlela kanye nenhloko yempi ephezulu yokuqhuma. Isici sabo kwakuyisifiso somsakazo-obala. Ubude be-rocket bungaba ngu-10 m, ubukhulu bokuqala buyi-5 amathani, ukukhokhela okungu-0.5 t. Ububanzi bezindiza eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,5, isivinini sezindiza singama-9 000 km / ihora.

Futhi ezisekelweni zezindiza zazingamabhomu angama-24 X-2000 anesimiso sokuqondisa se-INS, enamabanga angaba ngu-300 km, isivinini sezindiza esingaba ngu-2 M nesisindo sokuqala samathani ayi-1.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezikhali, imikhosi, amabhomu e-air, amabhomu e-mine, i-one-torpedo armament, amabhomu owodwa ayenziwa emakamelweni amabili angaphakathi ahlome umoya wokuvuthisa nokuvikela ukushisa, izinhlelo zokuhamba nokuthuthwa.

Imiphumela yomncintiswano

Ngomncintiswano wanikezwa, ngaphezu kwenzalo kaPu Suii, umqhubi we-Tu-160M we-supersonic owasungulwa yi-OKB AN Tupolev noM-20 kusuka kuVM Myasishchev.
Imiklamo yazwakala ePhalamende eMkhandlwini Wezesayensi Nezobuchwepheshe ekwindla ka-1972.
Impi ye-Tu-160 yaqale yenqatshwa ngenxa yokufanisa kakhulu nezindiza zomgibeli. U-M-20 unelisekile empini, kodwa ihhovisi lokuklama elisha lingazange libe nezindawo zokukhiqiza zomkhiqizo we-serial womshini.

I-T-4MS yakhanga kakhulu futhi yaziwa njengeyona engcono kakhulu, kodwa ... Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-fighter entsha idalwe ngaphansi kwe-PO Sukhoi ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwe-PO Sukhoi, eyashicilelwa ngaphansi kwenombolo engu-SU-27, umsebenzi wenziwa ukudala ukulungiswa kwabase-Su-24 abaphehlile Futhi Su-17M. I-Ministry of Aviation Industry yabheka ukuthi lokhu kusebenza "ekukhanyeni" kwezindiza kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ngezikhombandlela ezimbili ezihlukene ihhovisi lokuklama ngeke likwazi ukusebenza.

Ngakho-ke kwenzeka ukuthi iphrojekthi izuze ukwakhiwa kwe-OKB Sukhoi PO, futhi umsebenzi oqhubekayo wenziwa yi-Design Bureau ye-AN Tupolev. Futhi umlawuli we-Air Force uP. S. Kutakhov uhlongozwe ukuhambisa zonke izinto eTupolev, kodwa benqabe futhi baqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ngokuzimela ukuthuthukiswa kwabo.

Ngakho-ke, indiza enesilinganiso sokukhokha kanye nenamba yendiza ehamba ngesivinini esincane, kodwa nge-flight mass enkulu ngamaphesenti angama-35, kanti ububanzi bendiza eline-super-slider, okungenzeka ukuthi isetshenziswe ku-Air Force, kungenzeka ukuthi ithathwe uma ngabe loluhlaka luyamukelwa. I-Sukhoi.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela komncintiswano, ukusebenza kumsebenzi we-T-4MS kuphelile. Le ndege yayingakaze ibone isibhakabhaka, kodwa imibono eyazalwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwayo ithole ukufana kwayo ku-Tu-160 efanayo, nasezimpini zakwa-Su-27 ne-Mig-29. Mhlawumbe nazo zizobe ziyizindiza zekhulu leminyaka.